Mitosis

PROKARYOTE

An organism (including all bacteria) whose cells DO NOT have a nucleus or organelles surrounded by membranes

ANAPHASE

(APART) third phase of mitosis during which the chromatid arms separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

METAPHASE

(MIDDLE) 2nd phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

TELOPHASE

(TWO) 4th and last phase of mitosis during which TWO nuclei are visible; the chromosomes spread out as chromatin, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus return, and mitotic spindle and centrioles disappear

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME

A pair of morphologically similar chromosomes that are the same size and the same shape and carry genes for the same traits

EUKARYOTE

An organism (including all plants & animals) whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes

CARCINOGENS

Are substances that can damage DNA and cause cancer

BINARY FISSION

Cell division in PROKARYOTES; type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing 2 identical daughter cells

CHROMOSOMES

DNA scrunched up in dividing cells

CHROMATIN

DNA spread out in non-dividing cells

SPINDLE

Fan-like structure made of microtubules that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis

CENTRIOLES

Log-like structures that appear near the nucleus during cell division in an animal cell and move to opposite poles to pull the chromosomes apart

CHROMATID

One of two identical parts or arms of a chromosome

MITOSIS

Part of cell division in eukaryotic cells in which the nucleus divides eventually producing 2 daughter cells which are genetically identical to the parent cell

CYTOKINESIS

Part of cell division in which the cytoplasm is divided between the 2 new daughter cells

INTERPHASE

Phase of the cell cycle in between divisions in which cells spend most of their time growing and carrying out their cellular functions in the body

INTERNAL REGULATORS

Proteins that respond to events inside the cell; allow cell cycle to proceed only if certain processes have happened

EXTERNAL REGULATORS

Proteins that respond to events outside the cell; signals tell cell to speed up or slow down the cell cycle

CENTROSOME

Region in which the centrioles lie that helps organize the spindle fibers during cell division

CENTROMERE

Region of the chromosome where the 2 sister chromatids are held together and which is the attachment site of the spindle fibers during cell division

CELL CYCLE

Series of events including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis that cells go through as they grow and develop

SOMATIC

These are body cells (everything in your body except sperm & egg)

CELL WALL

This is found outside the cell membrane. Its function is to provide support and protection.

CANCER

disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth

PROPHASE

first and longest phase of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible, centrioles appear and move to opposite poles, and the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

CYCLIN

one of a family of proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells