Chapter 9 Envi Sci Test Review

On snow covered mountain slopes, warm temperatures can melt the top of the snowpack and increase the for a(n)

avalanche

Epidemiology deals primarily with what type of hazards?

biological

Viruses, bacteria, and other organisms in the environment that harm human health are classified as

biological hazards

List the four main categories of environmental hazards.

biological, physical, social, chemical

Each step up the food chain, concentrations of toxicants can be greatly multiplied in process called

biomagnification

Toxicology deals primary with what types of hazards?

both chemical and physical

Chemicals that cause cancer are called

carcinogens

How have humans enabled emerging diseases to spread more rapidly?

carelessness, exposure to new things

Substances known as _______ cause the immune system to overreact to a normally harmless substance

chemical hazards

What are the three main ways infectious diseases are spread?

contact, food, water

Which of the following types of people generally has a greater sensitivity to environmental hazards than the other types of people?

infants

Young children are frequently tested for what chemical hazard that was used in paints and pipes in many homes and buildings?

lead

What are some things people can do to reduce the risk of damage and injuries from earthquakes?

live where there are no earthquakes

How can water treatment facilities help stop the spread of infectious diseases?

make sure they don't use lead pipes

Describe some of the hazards produced by volcanoes.

mudslides, ash clouds

Chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses are called

teratogens

What is meant by the phrase "the dose makes the poison"?

the amount you ingest makes it deadly

A(n) ________ is a type of windstorm in which a funnel of rotating air drops down from a storm cloud and touches Earth's surface.

tornado

Any substance that poses a chemical hazard is considered a(n)

toxicant

Mudflows and ask clouds are some of the many dangers of

volcanic eruptions

A(n) ________ is anopening in the earth's crust through which molten lava , ash, and gases are ejected.

volcano

what do asbestos, radon, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and lead all have in common?

They are chemical hazards that can be found indoors.

Where are chemical hazards present outdoors?

air, land, water

When stress built up in tectonic plates is suddenly released, the energy causes the planet to shake, a phenomenon called a(n)

earthquake

A diseases that has appeared in human population for the first time or that has existed for a while, but is increasing rapidly or spreading around the world is called

emerging

The H1N1 (swine) flu first appeared in Mexico in March of 2009. By June, it had spread to 70 different countries, infecting nearly 30,000 people people. H1N1 is an example of a(n)

emerging disease

Some ongoing natural phenomena, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, represent __________ hazards.

environmental

The study of disease in human population is called

epidemiology

Which of the following effects is always associated with a tornado?

funnel of rotating air

What are some ways to protect yourself against some forms of chemical hazards found indoors?

get rid of lead points and pipes

Some heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, are classidied as _______ because they affect the nervous system.

hazards

A substance's toxicity depends not just on what it is, but also

how much of it a person is exposed to

It is important to monitor emerging diseases because some diseases, such as tuberculosis, are becoming more ______ to antibiotics.

immune

A vector is a(n)

organism that carries pathogens

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by an organism such as virus or a bacterium, which is called a

pathogen

How can you reduce your risk of catching and spreading infectious diseases?

pay attention to your surroundings

Which of the following is example of a social hazard that CANNOT easily be controlled?

pollution form a factory near your school

Some diseases, such as beast cancer, can be traced to ______ factors in addition to environmental hazards.

radiation

The probability that hazard will cause a harmful response, such as death or disease, is known as

risk

The process of meaning the chance that an environmental hazard will cause harm is called

risk assessment

What factors cause different people to respond differently to similar environmental hazards?

sex, age, weight, height

Which of the following factors causes different people to respond differently to environmental hazards?

sex, weight,health issues

Which of the following is an example of social hazard that CAN generally be controlled?

smoking cigarettes

Living next to a factory that pollutes the air and _______ hazards.

social

Environmental hazards that result from where we live, our jobs, or our lifestyle choices are called

social hazards