Chapter 9: Microbial Genetics

Which is true regarding adenine and guanine?

Both are purines

Building blocks of DNA, called , contain the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases.

nucleotides

In a protozoal or fungal cell, chromosomes are located in the

nucleus

Where are the chromosomes of yeast cells located?

nucleus

DNA _____ is the enzyme that synthesizes DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction.

polymerase

Which kind of gene encodes a protein?

structural

is a discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule.

Chromosome

Okazaki fragments are formed during DNA replication of the leading strand.

False

True or false: Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of DNA and RNA. True false question.

False

Which best describes the antiparallel orientation of strands in DNA?

One strand is 5' to 3' and the other is 3' to 5'.

The replication ______ is the Y-shaped point on a replicating DNA molecule where the DNA polymerase is synthesizing new strands of DNA.

fork

A(n) ______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one functional protein or RNA.

gene

The ______ is the genetic makeup of an organism that is ultimately responsible for an organism's expressed characteristics.

genotype

The red arrow is pointing

hydrogen bond

In the bacterium Escherichia coli, where is the chromosome located?

cytoplasm

The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are thymine and

cytosine

Which is true regarding DNA replication?

Each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand

In replication of DNA, the lagging strand is replicated in a discontinuous manner forming _____ fragments.

Okazaki

True or false: DNA replication must occur prior to cell division to ensure that each new cell has a complete set of DNA chromosome(s).

True

True or false: The expression of the genotype creates traits referred to as the phenotype.

True

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in both DNA and RNA?

adenine

A segment of DNA that contains the necessary code to make a protein or an DNA is called a(n)

gene

The science of heredity is ______.

genetics

The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism is referred to as the

genome

Which term represents all of the genetic information within a cell?

genome

The purine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine and .

guanine

Which strand is replicated discontinuously in segments during DNA replication?

lagging

The black arrow is pointing to the ______ strand of DNA.

lagging pic

Which enzyme completes the final sealing of nicks in a newly synthesized DNA strand?

ligase

Select the enzymes that function in DNA replication.

ligase DNA polymerase helicase

A nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a(n) ______.

nitrogenous base

The characteristics resulting from the interaction of the particular genetic makeup of an organism and the environment is the of that organism.

phenotype

Within a nucleotide, the group is linked to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar.

phosphate

A nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a nitrogenous

the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases

The structure of DNA is essential for providing variety since the order of nucleotides is responsible for the unique qualities of each organism. True false question.

true

is the study of the inheritance of living things.

Genetics

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding DNA replication elongation?

DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers used to initiation synthesis. DNA ligase joins the lagging strand fragments. Replication proceeds at a rate of 750 bases per second.

In DNA replication,_______ unwinds the double helix, primase synthesizes the short RNA primer, and DNA______ adds nucleotides to the new chain.

Helicase Polymerase

Which is true regarding bacterial chromosomes?

Located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm

Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not found in RNA?

Thymine

Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA in 1953, and termed it a

double helix