Chapter 9: Microbial Genetics
Which is true regarding adenine and guanine?
Both are purines
Building blocks of DNA, called , contain the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases.
nucleotides
In a protozoal or fungal cell, chromosomes are located in the
nucleus
Where are the chromosomes of yeast cells located?
nucleus
DNA _____ is the enzyme that synthesizes DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction.
polymerase
Which kind of gene encodes a protein?
structural
is a discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule.
Chromosome
Okazaki fragments are formed during DNA replication of the leading strand.
False
True or false: Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of DNA and RNA. True false question.
False
Which best describes the antiparallel orientation of strands in DNA?
One strand is 5' to 3' and the other is 3' to 5'.
The replication ______ is the Y-shaped point on a replicating DNA molecule where the DNA polymerase is synthesizing new strands of DNA.
fork
A(n) ______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one functional protein or RNA.
gene
The ______ is the genetic makeup of an organism that is ultimately responsible for an organism's expressed characteristics.
genotype
The red arrow is pointing
hydrogen bond
In the bacterium Escherichia coli, where is the chromosome located?
cytoplasm
The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are thymine and
cytosine
Which is true regarding DNA replication?
Each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand
In replication of DNA, the lagging strand is replicated in a discontinuous manner forming _____ fragments.
Okazaki
True or false: DNA replication must occur prior to cell division to ensure that each new cell has a complete set of DNA chromosome(s).
True
True or false: The expression of the genotype creates traits referred to as the phenotype.
True
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in both DNA and RNA?
adenine
A segment of DNA that contains the necessary code to make a protein or an DNA is called a(n)
gene
The science of heredity is ______.
genetics
The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism is referred to as the
genome
Which term represents all of the genetic information within a cell?
genome
The purine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine and .
guanine
Which strand is replicated discontinuously in segments during DNA replication?
lagging
The black arrow is pointing to the ______ strand of DNA.
lagging pic
Which enzyme completes the final sealing of nicks in a newly synthesized DNA strand?
ligase
Select the enzymes that function in DNA replication.
ligase DNA polymerase helicase
A nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a(n) ______.
nitrogenous base
The characteristics resulting from the interaction of the particular genetic makeup of an organism and the environment is the of that organism.
phenotype
Within a nucleotide, the group is linked to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar.
phosphate
A nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a nitrogenous
the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases
The structure of DNA is essential for providing variety since the order of nucleotides is responsible for the unique qualities of each organism. True false question.
true
is the study of the inheritance of living things.
Genetics
Which two of the following statements are correct regarding DNA replication elongation?
DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers used to initiation synthesis. DNA ligase joins the lagging strand fragments. Replication proceeds at a rate of 750 bases per second.
In DNA replication,_______ unwinds the double helix, primase synthesizes the short RNA primer, and DNA______ adds nucleotides to the new chain.
Helicase Polymerase
Which is true regarding bacterial chromosomes?
Located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm
Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not found in RNA?
Thymine
Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA in 1953, and termed it a
double helix
