Chapter 9 My Labs

A potential consequence of shaving the acromion to repair the rotator cuff is detachment of part of the origin of the deltoid muscle. This leads to weakening of the deltoid muscle, which can be treated with physical therapy. What general types of exercises do you think would be helpful in strengthening this muscle?

Extend the upper arm outward anteriorly and laterally

Ms. Sadler presents with an injury that occurred during a surgical procedure that damaged her superior gluteal nerve, which has effectively paralyzed her gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles. How will paralysis of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles affect Ms. Sadler when she walks?

Ms. Sadler will have issues with stabilizing the pelvis when she is walking.

Ms. Sadler presents with an injury that occurred during a surgical procedure that damaged her superior gluteal nerve, which has effectively paralyzed her gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles. What movements will she be unable to perform?

Ms. Sadler will not be able to rotate her thigh medially.

A common activity many athletes perform in training is climbing a rope with only the hands. What muscles that are utilized are mismatched in this process?

Pectoralis major allows to extend the arm to reach for the rope, and latissimus dorsi contractions pull the body up while holding onto the rope.

The temporalis muscle is involved in mastication, or chewing. It has attachments to the temporal bone and the mandible. ____ serves as the origin, and ____ is the insertion..

Temporal; mandible

A muscle that opposes or slows an action is called a(n) __________.

antagonist

The tibialis anterior causes __________.

dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

The muscles used to flex the trunk laterally are the __________.

external and internal obliques

A muscle that anchors a bone in place to make the movement more efficient is a(n) __________.

fixator

In a third-class lever, which component is located in the middle?

force

The pelvic girdle is stabilized by its attachment to the axial skeleton, by the sacrum, and by muscles such as the __________________.

gluteus medius

The insertion of the extensor digitorum longus muscle is the __________.

phalanges and connective tissues of toes

Which of the following is a neck muscle?

platysma

The insertion of the biceps brachii muscle is the __________.

radial tuberosity

Which of the following muscles will be used to flex the trunk while performing sit-ups?

rectus abdominus

Which of the following is NOT a muscle from the hamstring muscle group?

rectus femoris

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of skeletal muscle?

regulation of the diameter of blood vessels and control of blood pressure

The action of rising up on your toes is an example of a __________.

second-class lever

The name flexor pollicis brevis refers to a __________.

short muscle that flexes the thumb

The neck muscles, with an origin at the sternum and clavicle, and an insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone, are the __________.

sternocleidomastoid muscles

In a first-class lever, __________.

the fulcrum is located between the load and the force

In a muscle, __________.

the origin that elevates a structure is generally located above that structure

When the diaphragm contracts, __________.

the volume of the thoracic cavity increases

Which of the following agonist and antagonist muscles are correctly paired?

tibialis anterior; gastrocnemius

The deepest abdominal muscle is the __________.

transversus abdominis

Which of these muscles is located on the posterior surface of the arm?

triceps brachii

John performed 100 squats at the gym. Which of John's muscles might be sore tomorrow?

vastus lateralis

Skeletal muscles:

will only contract if stimulated by the nervous system

The act of smiling involves which of the following muscles?

zygomaticus major

Sydney is a gymnast who is having muscle pain in her left leg when she runs. You notice that she has pain when her foot is plantarflexed. However, she notes no pain when her knee is flexed or extended, but she does report pain when her foot is everted. Which muscle or muscles are potentially strained?

Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

Which of the following muscles does NOT belong to the quadriceps femoris group?

biceps femoris

In a lever system, the lever is the __________.

bone

The name orbicularis oris means "__________."

circular muscle in the mouth area

The less-moveable, anchoring point on a bone is called the __________.

origin

Which of the following muscles flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm?

pectoralis major