Chapter 9: Nationalism and Sectionalism, 1815-1828

The emergence of four viable Republican presidential candidates, including Andrew Jackson, revealed the strength and popularity of the Republican party and its ideas.

False

The extension of the boundaries of the United States is an example of the federal government's diplomatic accomplishments during the era. Identify the region that the United States gained as a result of the Transcontinental Treaty.

Florida

Identify the territories that the United States gained as a result of its diplomatic accomplishments during this era.

Florida Minnesota

How did the War of 1812 shift James Madison's views on nationalism, and how did it have an impact on his presidency?

He embraced the economic nationalism advocated by Alexander Hamilton and George Washington. As a result, he governed as a nationalist rather than as a states' rights sectionalist. It illuminated the need for a more powerful federal government, particularly a stronger military and national economy.

After the war, Congress created the Second Bank of the United States, which established a national currency across the different states.

True

Match the specific sectionalist priorities to the region with which they were predominately associated.

the West cheap land and improvements in transportation the Northeast shipping and commerce the South cash crop agriculture and slavery

What does the image reveal about why Americans engaged in this conflict?

African Americans and Native Americans were allies in their battle against the whites. Federal troops were used to defeat the Native Americans. The white settlers' homes were destroyed during the conflict.

The entire nation embraced the American System as the best way to unite and strengthen the union

False

Identify the diplomatic goals of Secretary of State John Quincy Adams during this era.

He sought to establish the nation's dominance in the Western Hemisphere. He aggressively exercised America's power. He sought to expand America's boundaries.

Identify the reasons the Monroe Doctrine was an example of American nationalism.

It demonstrated the United States' determination to assume a place next to the world's greatest powers. Its message to Congress stated that American continents were not considered subjects for future European colonization.

Identify the ways that the democratization of politics affected Andrew Jackson's 1828 campaign.

It led to many more "common men" voting in the election.

Identify Henry Clay's American System.

It was an economic plan to strengthen and unify the nation by instating tariffs, a national bank, and federally funded infrastructure improvements.

Identify the key issue that aroused opposition to his American System plan.

Many Americans felt divided between their nationalist sentiments and their devotion to the interests of the specific regions they lived in.

Identify the circumstances that required a "second" Missouri Compromise.

Pro-slavery members of the Missouri constitutional convention attempted to ban free blacks and mulattoes from living in Missouri.

Identify what the failure of Pinckney's Treaty of 1795 revealed about Spain in 1816.

Spain's declining power because of its lack of enforcement of the treaty

Identify the deal that broke the election deadlock of 1824.

Speaker of the House Henry Clay struck a deal with John Quincy Adams and endorsed him for president.

Match each of the descriptions with the appropriate piece of legislation.

Tallmadge Amendment This piece of legislation proposed banning the transportation of slaves into Missouri. Northwest Ordinance (1787) This piece of legislation banned slavery north of the Ohio River Southwest Ordinance (1790) Correct label: This piece of legislation authorized slavery south of the Ohio River.

During the first quarter of the nineteenth century, the Supreme Court of the United States delivered a number of monumental rulings that fundamentally shaped the balance of power between the federal government and state governments. Identify the following Supreme Court decisions.

The Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. Constitution and its laws and treaties could remain the supreme law of the land only if the Supreme Court could review decisions of state courts. Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816) During this Supreme Court ruling, the court expanded the scope of contacts at the expense of state legislatures. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) This was the first time the Supreme Court ruled that a federal law was unconstitutional. This case established the concept of judicial review. Marbury v. Madison (1803) The court unanimously ruled that laws made at the federal level could not be overruled by the states. This ruling also asserted that Congress could take any action not prohibited by the Constitution, so long as the law was within the scope of the Constitution. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Identify the ways in which the "corrupt bargain" impacted the presidency of John Quincy Adams.

The deal proved very costly for Adams by uniting his foes and crippling his administration. The deal prompted Jackson supporters to launch a campaign and ensure a one-term presidency for Adams.

Using the map above, identify the impacts that these federally funded infrastructural projects had on the country.

They decreased transportation costs for goods and people because of expansions to the railroad. They helped to create a national market economy where agricultural products and livestock could be sold in distant regions.

Analyze this quotation from Henry Clay, and evaluate its meaning for the United States.

This quotation represents Clay's desire to tie together the nation's diverse regions through the American System.

The Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817 was one of John Quincy Adams's diplomatic accomplishments, as it made the waterways neutral around Lake Erie by limiting the number of warships that could be present.

True

The greatest political controversy of the nineteenth century lay in the possibility of new Western states becoming slave states.

True

What was the "Era of Good Feelings"?

a slogan describing the strong economy and political good will during the Monroe administration

Identify Republican Henry Clay's various political priorities.

an economy that was nurtured by the government a strong federal government

Identify the desired outcomes for each of the key objectives of Henry Clay's proposed American System.

strong national bank create a single currency and regulate state and local banks high tariffs protect new American industries from unfair competition raising price of federal land distribute this revenue to finance state infrastructure projects

What was Benton trying to convey about the West in this quotation?

the fear that struggling western towns would be at the mercy of the national bank

The United States was the first nation in the world to recognize the newly independent nations that had once made up the former Spanish empire in the Americas.

true