Chapter 9 Phys

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Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?

decreased blood pressure

What is the function of ANP

inhibits secretion of aldosterone, thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure.

Lowers blood glucose levels

insulin

Nick mentioned to his doctor at his annual physical that his skin color was darkening. After tests, the doctor diagnosed Nick with an autoimmune disease that affects the adrenal cortex, resulting in insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disorder does Nick have?

Addison's disease

Raises blood calcium levels

parathyroid hormone

Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood?

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________.

pituitary dwarfism

What is found in or on a hormone's target cell?

hormone receptor

The intestines produce

cholecystokinin, secretin

The stomach produces

gastrin

What is the function of Erythopoietin

stimulates production of red blood cells.

What is the function of secretin

stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas and inhibits stomach secretions.

What is the function of CCK

stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder.

In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?

the hormone

Which of these would occur with hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

water and electrolyte imbalance

What endocrine gland produces oxytocin

hypothalamus

The kidney produces

Erythropoietin, Active vitamin D3

The glands located alongside the thyroid gland are called _____ glands

parathyroid

Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration decreases too much?

the pancreas secretes glucagon

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________.

the second-messenger system

What endocrine gland produces thymosin

thymus gland

What endocrine gland is located in the neck?

thyroid

What endocrine gland produces calcitonin

thyroid gland

What endocrine gland produces thyroxine (T4)

thyroid gland

Which of these is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

ACTH

What endocrine gland produces growth hormone

anterior pituitary

Promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys to increase blood volume

antidiuretic hormone

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________.

Addison's disease

Former U.S. president John F. Kennedy had a rare autoimmune disease that was affecting his adrenal cortex. Thus, he had insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disease did President Kennedy have?

Addison's disease

What endocrine gland produces aldosterone

Adrenal Cortex

What endocrine gland produces cortisone

Adrenal Cortex

Which of these is an example of humoral stimulus of hormone release?

An increase in blood glucose levels stimulate insulin release.

Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex)

oxytocin

Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone:

oxytocin

What endocrine gland produces glucagon

pancreas

What endocrine gland produces insulin

pancreas

The prefix_____ means "beside," "near" or "alongside."

para

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.

parafollicular

Which of these glands is composed of two distinct lobes?

pituitary gland

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

Which of the following is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

regulate salt content of the blood

Most hormones are ________.

released upon stimulation by other hormones

Some people purchase melatonin as an over-the-counter medication. For what specific purpose?

sleep aid

What is the function of gastrin

stimulates HCl release in the stomach.

What is the function of HCG

stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterus is not sloughed off in menses during pregnancy.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males?

stimulation of the posterior pituitary

By what process do lipid-soluble hormones affect their target cells?

synthesis of new proteins

The prefix_____ means "relating to the thyroid gland."

thyro

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

thyroid stimulating hormone

Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms?

thyroxine

The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland is called

thyroxine

Which of these hormones regulates calcium concentration in the blood?

PTH

What endocrine gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Parathyroid glands

What is the function of the hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas?

Raising blood glucose Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas; this hormone increases blood glucose levels.

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________.

Renin

Which of these results from negative feedback regulation of hormones?

The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.

Which of these results when hormone secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism?

The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.

The prefix ______ means "extremity."

acro

Abnormal enlargement of the extremities is called

acromegaly

The prefix_____ means "relating to the adrenal glands."

adren

What endocrine gland produces glucocorticoids

adrenal cortex

What endocrine gland produces epinephrine

adrenal medulla

What endocrine gland produces norepinephrine

adrenal medulla

A chemical signal to activate the adrenal cortex is called ______ hormone

adrenocorticotropic

What endocrine gland produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

anterior pituitary

What endocrine gland produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

anterior pituitary

What endocrine gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH)

anterior pituitary

What endocrine gland produces prolactin (PRL)

anterior pituitary

What endocrine gland produces thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

anterior pituitary

Which gland is the target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

anterior pituitary gland The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary through the production of releasing and inhibiting hormones. The releasing and inhibiting hormones travel through a portal system to the anterior pituitary.

Release of which of these hormones is stimulated by nerve impulses?

antidiuretic hormone

Name two hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin ADH and oxytocin are secreted by the posterior pituitary. These hormones are made by the hypothalamus, but they are stored in the posterior pituitary until they are released.

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________. -bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus -catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP) -enter the nucleus -activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis -diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells

catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect?

cretinism

What is the function of the atrial natriuretic peptide hormone (ANP), a hormone produced by the heart?

decreasing blood volume and pressure

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

diabetes insipidus

Which of these is characteristic of an endocrine gland, but not an exocrine gland?

ductless

Which of these is secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

Which of these is a mechanism of steroid hormones?

gene activation

The prefix_____ means "sugar" or "glucose."

gluco

The group of hormones made by the adrenal cortex that regulate sugar metabolism are called

glucocorticoids

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?

goiter

Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones

growth hormone

Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is probably NOT one of her signs or symptoms?

high blood pressure and edema

What endocrine gland produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

hypothalamus

What endocrine gland produces releasing and inhibiting hormones

hypothalamus

Which two important hormones are produced by the islet cells (islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas?

insulin and glucagon

Which of these is the role of insulin in homeostasis?

lowers blood glucose

Justin has discovered he is sterile. Hyposecretion of which of the following hormones might be causing Justin's sterility?

luteinizing hormone

In what way is the hypothalamus functionally connected to the posterior pituitary gland?

nerve impulses Neurons in the hypothalamus have axons that end in the posterior pituitary gland, releasing hormones there.

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water?

ADH

Which of the following disorders is associated with adrenal disease?

Cushing's syndrome Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes Cushing's.

Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors

Glucocorticoids

Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range?

The pancreas secretes glucagon.

How do hypothalamic neurons stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?

They secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.

The adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary are both composed of nervous tissue. T/F

True

In which type of diabetes is no insulin is produced?

Type 1

In which type of diabetes do glucose levels remain higher than normal?

Type 1 and type 2

In which type of diabetes do target cells do not respond normally to insulin?

Type 2


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