Chapter 9 Phys
Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?
decreased blood pressure
What is the function of ANP
inhibits secretion of aldosterone, thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure.
Lowers blood glucose levels
insulin
Nick mentioned to his doctor at his annual physical that his skin color was darkening. After tests, the doctor diagnosed Nick with an autoimmune disease that affects the adrenal cortex, resulting in insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disorder does Nick have?
Addison's disease
Raises blood calcium levels
parathyroid hormone
Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood?
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________.
pituitary dwarfism
What is found in or on a hormone's target cell?
hormone receptor
The intestines produce
cholecystokinin, secretin
The stomach produces
gastrin
What is the function of Erythopoietin
stimulates production of red blood cells.
What is the function of secretin
stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas and inhibits stomach secretions.
What is the function of CCK
stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder.
In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?
the hormone
Which of these would occur with hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?
water and electrolyte imbalance
What endocrine gland produces oxytocin
hypothalamus
The kidney produces
Erythropoietin, Active vitamin D3
The glands located alongside the thyroid gland are called _____ glands
parathyroid
Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration decreases too much?
the pancreas secretes glucagon
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________.
the second-messenger system
What endocrine gland produces thymosin
thymus gland
What endocrine gland is located in the neck?
thyroid
What endocrine gland produces calcitonin
thyroid gland
What endocrine gland produces thyroxine (T4)
thyroid gland
Which of these is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
ACTH
What endocrine gland produces growth hormone
anterior pituitary
Promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys to increase blood volume
antidiuretic hormone
Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________.
Addison's disease
Former U.S. president John F. Kennedy had a rare autoimmune disease that was affecting his adrenal cortex. Thus, he had insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disease did President Kennedy have?
Addison's disease
What endocrine gland produces aldosterone
Adrenal Cortex
What endocrine gland produces cortisone
Adrenal Cortex
Which of these is an example of humoral stimulus of hormone release?
An increase in blood glucose levels stimulate insulin release.
Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex)
oxytocin
Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone:
oxytocin
What endocrine gland produces glucagon
pancreas
What endocrine gland produces insulin
pancreas
The prefix_____ means "beside," "near" or "alongside."
para
Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.
parafollicular
Which of these glands is composed of two distinct lobes?
pituitary gland
Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?
prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
Which of the following is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?
regulate salt content of the blood
Most hormones are ________.
released upon stimulation by other hormones
Some people purchase melatonin as an over-the-counter medication. For what specific purpose?
sleep aid
What is the function of gastrin
stimulates HCl release in the stomach.
What is the function of HCG
stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterus is not sloughed off in menses during pregnancy.
Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males?
stimulation of the posterior pituitary
By what process do lipid-soluble hormones affect their target cells?
synthesis of new proteins
The prefix_____ means "relating to the thyroid gland."
thyro
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
thyroid stimulating hormone
Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms?
thyroxine
The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland is called
thyroxine
Which of these hormones regulates calcium concentration in the blood?
PTH
What endocrine gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid glands
What is the function of the hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas?
Raising blood glucose Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas; this hormone increases blood glucose levels.
The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________.
Renin
Which of these results from negative feedback regulation of hormones?
The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.
Which of these results when hormone secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism?
The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.
The prefix ______ means "extremity."
acro
Abnormal enlargement of the extremities is called
acromegaly
The prefix_____ means "relating to the adrenal glands."
adren
What endocrine gland produces glucocorticoids
adrenal cortex
What endocrine gland produces epinephrine
adrenal medulla
What endocrine gland produces norepinephrine
adrenal medulla
A chemical signal to activate the adrenal cortex is called ______ hormone
adrenocorticotropic
What endocrine gland produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
anterior pituitary
What endocrine gland produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
anterior pituitary
What endocrine gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH)
anterior pituitary
What endocrine gland produces prolactin (PRL)
anterior pituitary
What endocrine gland produces thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
anterior pituitary
Which gland is the target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus?
anterior pituitary gland The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary through the production of releasing and inhibiting hormones. The releasing and inhibiting hormones travel through a portal system to the anterior pituitary.
Release of which of these hormones is stimulated by nerve impulses?
antidiuretic hormone
Name two hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin ADH and oxytocin are secreted by the posterior pituitary. These hormones are made by the hypothalamus, but they are stored in the posterior pituitary until they are released.
Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________. -bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus -catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP) -enter the nucleus -activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis -diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells
catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect?
cretinism
What is the function of the atrial natriuretic peptide hormone (ANP), a hormone produced by the heart?
decreasing blood volume and pressure
Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
diabetes insipidus
Which of these is characteristic of an endocrine gland, but not an exocrine gland?
ductless
Which of these is secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells?
erythropoietin
Which of these is a mechanism of steroid hormones?
gene activation
The prefix_____ means "sugar" or "glucose."
gluco
The group of hormones made by the adrenal cortex that regulate sugar metabolism are called
glucocorticoids
Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?
goiter
Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones
growth hormone
Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is probably NOT one of her signs or symptoms?
high blood pressure and edema
What endocrine gland produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin
hypothalamus
What endocrine gland produces releasing and inhibiting hormones
hypothalamus
Which two important hormones are produced by the islet cells (islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas?
insulin and glucagon
Which of these is the role of insulin in homeostasis?
lowers blood glucose
Justin has discovered he is sterile. Hyposecretion of which of the following hormones might be causing Justin's sterility?
luteinizing hormone
In what way is the hypothalamus functionally connected to the posterior pituitary gland?
nerve impulses Neurons in the hypothalamus have axons that end in the posterior pituitary gland, releasing hormones there.
What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water?
ADH
Which of the following disorders is associated with adrenal disease?
Cushing's syndrome Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes Cushing's.
Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors
Glucocorticoids
Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range?
The pancreas secretes glucagon.
How do hypothalamic neurons stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?
They secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.
The adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary are both composed of nervous tissue. T/F
True
In which type of diabetes is no insulin is produced?
Type 1
In which type of diabetes do glucose levels remain higher than normal?
Type 1 and type 2
In which type of diabetes do target cells do not respond normally to insulin?
Type 2
