Chapter 9

Salvation Army

provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching

skyscraper

tall building with many stories

Urbanization

the growth of cities

Strikes

workers refuse to work until improved conditions

Plessy v. Ferguson

"separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of Jim Crow laws

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history

W.E.B. DuBois

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, helped create NAACP in 1910

Robber Barons/Captains of Industry

2 types of leaders of businesses

James Garfield

20th President

Grover Cleveland

22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes

Benjamin Harrison

23rd President; Republican, poor leader, introduced the McKinley Tariff and increased federal spending to a billion dollars

New Immigration

25 million new immigrants- Language and cultural diff =mistrust

William McKinley

25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist

trust

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

Ida Tarbell

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.

Captains of Industry

A name given to company owners by people who believed they steered the economy into prosperity.

Socialism

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive supported segregation and demanded that African Am better themselves

American Federation of Labor (AFL); Samuel Gompers

America's second labor union? Its founder?

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

Geronimo

Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)

Chester A. Arthur

Appointed customs collector for the port of New York - corrupt and implemented a heavy spoils system. He was chosen as Garfield's running mate. Garfield won but was shot, so Arthur became the 21st president.

J. P. Morgan

Banker -"Robber barons"

Vanderbilt

Captain of Industry irailroad & steamship lines

Spoils System

Give jobs to people who were loyal to the political party.

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain- captured by the United States Army in 1901.

Crazy Horse

Military leader of the Sioux during the Sioux War

Interstate Commerce Act

Monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states.

Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Stanford

Name 3 who made millions in the railroad industry.

Tweed Ring

New York City "Boss" swindled millions with bribes, bought votes, jailed

Chinese Exclusion Act

No more Chinese laborers to enter the country

Dwight L. Moody

Popular evangelical preacher who brought revival

James J. Hill

Public-spirited railroad builder who assisted farmers in North

Stalwarts

Republicans fighting for civil service reform during Garfield's term; supported Cleveland.

Forgotten Presidents

Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, and Benjamin Harrison

Pay, Hours, Working Conditions

The American Federation of Labor focused on what 3 issues

Exxon

The Federal government eventually made Standard Oil break up into twenty smaller companies, which today have formed the core of what corporation?

Haymarket Square Riot

The Knights of Labor was blamed for a riot that killed both police and bystanders at what location?

Horizontal Integration

Type of monopoly where a company buys out all competition.

George Armstrong Custer

United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the battle of Little Bighorn (1839-1876)

Standard Oil

What company was the nation's first "trust"?

Transcontinental Railroad

What did the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 approve?

Time zones

What was invented by the US railroad companies to make shipping easier

Knights of Labor

What was the first labor union in the US?

Vertical

When a firm buys ALL means of production (raw materials, transportation, labor, production, distribution,

JD Rockefeller

Which "robber baron" became the richest man in the world?

JP Morgan - Carnegie

Who founded US Steel, and who eventually bought it?

Edison, Thomas

a U.S. inventor who created mechanical uses of electricity

trust buster

a person working to destroy monopolies / trust

Realism

artistic aims for visual accuracy

Robber Barons

big business owners who gained huge profits by paying low wages.

Gospel of Wealth

book by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich

James Hill

built and operated the Great Northern Railroad Minnesota to Washington; made money by shipping goods to Asia, only one that wasn't forced into bankruptcy

Social Darwinism

businesses evolved much like animals; superior would succeed, inferior fail.

Temperance Movement

campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

Matthew Perry

commodore of the US Navy who opened up Japan with the Treaty of Kanagawa

Big Business

corporations and monopolies

Industrialization

development of industries for machine production of goods.

Dawes Act

divided reservation land into individual plots

Andrew Carnegie

dominated the American steel industry.

Jim Crow Laws

enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Muckraker

investigative reporters who exposed abuses of big business and corruption of urban politics

Pendleton Act

law federal employees not required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for politics

Child Labor Laws

laws that control the work kids are allowed to do, improved social

Sears and Roebuck

man and partner who sold watches to railroad workers, then mail order

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

oil, water, coal, iron,

natural resources which helped industry

Labor union or Union

organization of workers designed to protect its members against the abuse of owners?

Yellow Peril

perceived threat of Japanese imperialism

Spoils System

political party giving public office to supporters.

Social Gospel Movement

preached salvation through service to the poor