Chapter 9
Salvation Army
provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching
skyscraper
tall building with many stories
Urbanization
the growth of cities
Strikes
workers refuse to work until improved conditions
Plessy v. Ferguson
"separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of Jim Crow laws
Rutherford B. Hayes
19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history
W.E.B. DuBois
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, helped create NAACP in 1910
Robber Barons/Captains of Industry
2 types of leaders of businesses
James Garfield
20th President
Grover Cleveland
22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes
Benjamin Harrison
23rd President; Republican, poor leader, introduced the McKinley Tariff and increased federal spending to a billion dollars
New Immigration
25 million new immigrants- Language and cultural diff =mistrust
William McKinley
25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist
trust
A group of corporations run by a single board of directors
Ida Tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.
Captains of Industry
A name given to company owners by people who believed they steered the economy into prosperity.
Socialism
A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.
Booker T. Washington
African American progressive supported segregation and demanded that African Am better themselves
American Federation of Labor (AFL); Samuel Gompers
America's second labor union? Its founder?
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of capital
Geronimo
Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)
Chester A. Arthur
Appointed customs collector for the port of New York - corrupt and implemented a heavy spoils system. He was chosen as Garfield's running mate. Garfield won but was shot, so Arthur became the 21st president.
J. P. Morgan
Banker -"Robber barons"
Vanderbilt
Captain of Industry irailroad & steamship lines
Spoils System
Give jobs to people who were loyal to the political party.
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the telephone
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain- captured by the United States Army in 1901.
Crazy Horse
Military leader of the Sioux during the Sioux War
Interstate Commerce Act
Monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states.
Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Stanford
Name 3 who made millions in the railroad industry.
Tweed Ring
New York City "Boss" swindled millions with bribes, bought votes, jailed
Chinese Exclusion Act
No more Chinese laborers to enter the country
Dwight L. Moody
Popular evangelical preacher who brought revival
James J. Hill
Public-spirited railroad builder who assisted farmers in North
Stalwarts
Republicans fighting for civil service reform during Garfield's term; supported Cleveland.
Forgotten Presidents
Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, and Benjamin Harrison
Pay, Hours, Working Conditions
The American Federation of Labor focused on what 3 issues
Exxon
The Federal government eventually made Standard Oil break up into twenty smaller companies, which today have formed the core of what corporation?
Haymarket Square Riot
The Knights of Labor was blamed for a riot that killed both police and bystanders at what location?
Horizontal Integration
Type of monopoly where a company buys out all competition.
George Armstrong Custer
United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the battle of Little Bighorn (1839-1876)
Standard Oil
What company was the nation's first "trust"?
Transcontinental Railroad
What did the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 approve?
Time zones
What was invented by the US railroad companies to make shipping easier
Knights of Labor
What was the first labor union in the US?
Vertical
When a firm buys ALL means of production (raw materials, transportation, labor, production, distribution,
JD Rockefeller
Which "robber baron" became the richest man in the world?
JP Morgan - Carnegie
Who founded US Steel, and who eventually bought it?
Edison, Thomas
a U.S. inventor who created mechanical uses of electricity
trust buster
a person working to destroy monopolies / trust
Realism
artistic aims for visual accuracy
Robber Barons
big business owners who gained huge profits by paying low wages.
Gospel of Wealth
book by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich
James Hill
built and operated the Great Northern Railroad Minnesota to Washington; made money by shipping goods to Asia, only one that wasn't forced into bankruptcy
Social Darwinism
businesses evolved much like animals; superior would succeed, inferior fail.
Temperance Movement
campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
Matthew Perry
commodore of the US Navy who opened up Japan with the Treaty of Kanagawa
Big Business
corporations and monopolies
Industrialization
development of industries for machine production of goods.
Dawes Act
divided reservation land into individual plots
Andrew Carnegie
dominated the American steel industry.
Jim Crow Laws
enforce segregation of blacks from whites
Muckraker
investigative reporters who exposed abuses of big business and corruption of urban politics
Pendleton Act
law federal employees not required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for politics
Child Labor Laws
laws that control the work kids are allowed to do, improved social
Sears and Roebuck
man and partner who sold watches to railroad workers, then mail order
Upton Sinclair
muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
oil, water, coal, iron,
natural resources which helped industry
Labor union or Union
organization of workers designed to protect its members against the abuse of owners?
Yellow Peril
perceived threat of Japanese imperialism
Spoils System
political party giving public office to supporters.
Social Gospel Movement
preached salvation through service to the poor
