Chapter One: Organization of the Body

The cranial cavity houses which organ?

Brain

True or false: Serous fluid reduces friction inside the intestines so that feces can move through more easily.

False

Which of the following is the positional term that describes a structure located toward the back or behind another structure?

Posterior

True or false: The body contains two major cavities. These two cavities are the dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity.

True

Which cavity is subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities by the diaphragm?

Ventral cavity

The pericardial cavity is formed in the space between which structures?

Visceral and parietal pericardia

Standing erect with arms at sides, face and palms forward, is referred to as being in the _______ position

anatomical

The branch of science concerned with the structure of body parts is called:

anatomy

The branch of science that deals specifically with the structure of body parts, and their relationship with other structures in the body, is called

anatomy

A structure located in front of another is:

anterior

A structure located to the front of another structure is considered to be

anterior

The sternum (breast bone) is ______ to the heart.

anterior, ventral, superficial

The portion of the body that includes the upper and lower limbs is called the ______ portion

appendicular

A structure described as being lateral is:

away from the midline

The ______ portion of the body includes the head, neck and trunk.

axial

The functions of the _____ system include transporting nutrients and oxygen to the body cells and wastes from the body cells.

cardiovascular

The muscle that divides the ventral cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the

diaphragm

The part that is located farther from the beginning than another structure is said to be

distal

A structure is distal to another structure if it is located ______ from the point of origin.

farther

On the trunk of the body, a structure that is located below another (closer to the feet) is said to be ______ to it.

inferior

The abdomen is _______ to the chest

inferior

The neck is _____ to the mouth

inferior

Structures located away from the midline are said to be

lateral

Select all organs located in the thoracic cavity.

lungs, heart

A structure that is ______ to another is located closer to the midline.

medial

In describing the position of anatomical structures, the structure closer to the midline is:

medial

The region of the thoracic cavity that divides the thoracic cavity into the left and right portions is called:

mediastinum

Structures within cells that carry out specific functions are called:

organelles

Which of the following are components of the digestive system (select all that apply):

pancreas, small and large intestine, esophagus, stomach, tongue, mouth

The _____ cavity contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and rectum.

pelvic

The space found between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium containing pericardial fluid is called the _____ cavity

pericardial

In the lungs, the parietal and visceral _____ are separated by a thin film of serous fluid. While no actual space exists between them, the potential space is called the ______.

pleura; pleural cavity

_____ fluid is secreted by the pleurae to reduce friction from the pleurae of the lungs rubbing together during breathing.

pleural

The brain is located ______ to the eyes.

posterior

is a term that refers to a body part located toward the back of the body.

posterior

A structure is ______ to another structure if it is located closer the trunk of the body.

proximal

The term used to describe a body part of an extremity that is closer to the trunk is

proximal

The membranes that cover the ventral cavity and internal organs and secrete lubricating fluid are _____ membranes

serous

The anatomical position can be described as:

standing upright, arms at side, palms facing forward

Organelles are:

structures that carry out specific functions within cells, structures composed of groups of macromolecules

The muscles are ______ to bones because they are closer to the surface of the body.

superficial

A structure that is located closer to the surface of the body than another structure is said to be

superfiscial

The directional term used when one structure is located closer to the top of the head than another structure is ______.

superior

The eyebrows are ______ to the chest.

superior

The term of relative position that refers to a body part located closer to the top of the head is

superior

The abdominal cavity contains:

the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen

Mediastinum is the middle region of the _____ cavity

thoracic

The heart and lungs are contained within the _____ cavity, which is part of the larger anterior body cavity.

thoracic

Which of the following systems monitor and make adjustments to the internal environment of the body by adding substances to and/or removing substances from the blood?

urinary, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory

Serous membranes provide lubricating fluid for the _____ cavity.

ventral

The two major cavities of the body are the _____ and _____ cavities

ventral, dorsal

The spinal cord is located in the _____ canal

vertebral

The pleural cavity is a potential space between the _____ pleura and _____ pleura

visceral, parietal