chapter section 1 and 2

How could the government of China be described during the Tang dynasty because of the return of bureaucracy?

Bureaucracy made the use of civil service exams used. In the Tang dynasty wealth played a huge role in passing these exams. Only the wealthy could afford to study for these exams. Even when passing the tests you could use for family connections to get better jobs.

How did Confucius view the parent-child relationship?

Confucius viewed this as the most important of the five relationships. The son was meant to be loving and honor the father. Where as the parent should be reverential. If the child went off and did something wrong it related back to the parent as though they were not teaching the right way.

The Tang Dynasty produced the best examples of Chinese art. What were they?

During this time period the use of porcelain began to spread. Porcelain is a hard white off extremely fine quality. With both farms and factories producing more goods trade increased making the appeal to China increase.

What was Genghis Kahn's most important accomplishment?

Genghis Kahn was in charge with uniting the Mongols. This was his greatest accomplishment because without it many inventions and society wouldn't have been made. The Song dynasty flourished.

How did the merit system in the Song dynasty work?

In the Song dynasty the merit system was based off of skill. The government opened schools so that even the poor could study. Although passing higher level tests would aid in promotion, you also had to be gifted in your field. In order to be a scholar official your job had to be preformed well.

What is money economy?

Money economy is the use of paper money. Before they used coins which were heavy and hard to travel around with. When paper money came into use it was lighter and took up less space. This meant there was more room for goods and people when merchants were traveling.

What were the four levels of society in Yuan dynasty?

Mongols, Foreigners, Northern China, Southern China

What highly prized Chinese art form was so popular that it was named for where it came from?

Porcelain is a hard white pottery of extremely fine quality. It also came from China hence why it is also known as China.

What were advances in farming during the Tang and Song dynasties that helped the population move from north to south?

Rice grew better in the south because of the humid and wet climate. They had the fast ripening rice that let them harvest two or three times per year. Irrigation was also used, with help from pumps and other waterways.

Why did the Mongols change the status to establish the status of foreigners in Chinese society?

The Mongols put foreigners above the Chinese. This was because they did not want them to rebel against the Mongols. They had conquered there own country and feared they would rise up against them.

How does bureaucracy work?

System of many government officials who carry out government rules and regulations. There are departments and bureau's led by appointed officials. This made sure that the emperor did not have to deal with all of the rules and decisions

What practices of the Song dynasty keep and which ones did it change?

THey got rid of the civil service exams. They kept the use of bureaucracy. The kept the traditions of the kings court. This included the amazing thing Marco Polo saw while staying with the king.

Who are the Mongols?

The Mongols were a group of nomadic people that came from Central Asia. They invaded China under Genghis Kahn's rule and remained in rule for quite some time.

What methods did the Mongols use to establish such a huge empire?

The Mongols were ruthless in battle. Once they invaded they were struck with dealing with rebels. If someone were to stand up against the Mongols. They would burn their city and the people inside it. They would leave the bones in piles to show what they would do to resistance. No one seemed to be able to run the whole empire as a whole so they broke it into four khanates. Each was ruled by someone else and kept things in order.

Which dynasty first brought back Chinese bureaucracy?

The Tang dynasty first brought back bureaucracy to the Chinese. Tang Taizong first brought the idea back. His departments remained in office until the early 1900's.

How did many Chinese inventions first reach Europe?

The trade from the Silk Road brought many different inventions to the Chinese. They saw and bought new things and ideas. They could bring in new things and work harder on them to make even better creations. A lot of these things came from Marco Polo

What crop helped populations grow during the Tang and Song dynasty's?

The use of Rice made the population grow rapidly. They had discovered a way to produce crops for a inexpensive cost. This let people travel north and the appeal to China grow.

What policies of the Mongols help re-establish trade on the Silk Road?

They forbade feuding and theft through harsh punishments such as death and assination

How did the Song dynasty try to avoid corruption in scholar officials?

They place the scholar officials away from places were they could give there family more power. They also had there jobs switched around every three years so they could not build up to much power.

Steppe

a large, dry, grass covered plain

What did Marco Polo spend most of his time on his 17 year journey?

during this time he was a favored guest of Kublai Khan. He made him a diplomat and official. He traveled around China. He went on missions around the Empire and going on missions. This allowed him to get a first hand look at China. He returned to Europe and spread the knowledge of paper money and the stone that burn named coal. He wrote them all down in a book and published them. Many believe that he was making it up. On his deathbed he admitted to only sharing stories of half of his travels

Merit system

system in which people are hired and promoted based on talent and skills, rather than wealth or social status. this was used by the Song dynasty and aided in giving the right positions to the right people.

Bureaucracy

system of many government officials who carry out government rules and regulations. there are departments and and bureau's led by appointed officials. These departments remained in usage until the early 1900's

Did the Mongols keep traditions of Chinese royalty or change them?

the Mongols kept a lot of the traditions of the Chinese and got rid of some. He kept most of the song bureaucracy, adopted the rituals of the court, reduced power of scholar-officials, and got rid of the civil-service exams.

What are some of the advances made is farming during the Song and Tang Dynasty?

the population in the north had been shrinking while the south grew rapidly. Farmers did not have the dry lands to produce the wheat and barley that were produced in the north. The humid lands of the south made rice the main and most important crop in China. There was more rainfall and it was wetter. Rice grows in flooded fields called paddies. In order to keep these fields wet Chinese farmers invented irrigation systems using pumps and other water ways. They also invented a fast ripening rice that allowed them to harvest two or three crops per year. Rice provides more food per acre than any other grain. With cheap and abundant food the population began to swell.

Money Economy

the use of paper money for trade and other activites. Its light weight made it easier for merchants to travel with

Mongols

these were nomadic people that were from Central Asia. the ruled for a large amount of time and conquered many different lands

Whose thoughts did scholar officials read to study for the civil service exam?

they were based off the works of Confuisus. They were difficult to pass and takes a great deal of studying. Mainly wealthy men were only able to spend there life studying. In the Tang at dynasty if they passed the could use there wealth to give them better positions.