chapter seven part 4 amino acids
pathways for amino acids their are four
1. convert to pyruvate=glucose 2. convert to acetyl coa=energy/body fat 3. enter TCA cycle directly as compounds 4. generate glucose
amino acids need to ____ before entering metabolic pathway . which means they need to lose their ___.
deamination nitrogen
when energy excees bodys need all 3 stores as ___-
fats
glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid metabolism step one
glucogenic amino acids are converted to pyruvate and then transformed into glucose through gluconeogenesis
protein unlike fat is a good source of ____ when carbs are not available
glucose
to make proteins body needs amino acids it can use glucose and ____ to make _____ amino acids when nitrogen is available
glycerol nonessential
ketogeic verses glucogenic amino acids both ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids
isoleucine trypotophan phenylalanine tyrosine
glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid metabolism step two
ketogenic amino acids are converted to acetyl coa which can either be transformed into fatty acids and stored as a triglyceride in adiposes tissue or enter tca cycle
ketogeniv verses glucogenic amino acids ketogenic amino acids are
leucine lysine
when amino acids deaminations this provides the nitrogen needed to make ________ amino acids and other nitrogen containing compounds .
nonessential
how does proteins provide energy ? amino acids primary ! use most important function is building ____ if the amino acid is not used to build protein the amine group must be removed through _______/ excess can be used for energy production converted to ____ or stored as ____ used in a limited extent for _____ in diets low in Kcal and or carbohydrates.
protein deamination glucose fat energy
ACETLY COA CANNOT BE USED TO MAKE
GLUCOSE
to make glucose body can use ___ ____ and only 5% of fat to glucose (____) fatty acids can not make glucose
amino acids carbbs glycerols
Amino acids to glucose Glucogenic amino acids major source of ___ glucose when diet is lacking _____ can come from food can come from break down of ____
blood carbs muscles
amino acids can produce___ produce___ convert ___ acids and can be stored as _____ must be _____ to be used for energy once deaminated can be transformed into _____ _____ _____ glucogenic amino acids can convert to _____
energy glucose fatty fat deaminated pyruvate acetyl coa tca cycle glucose
step 3 glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid metabolism step 3
some amino acids can enter the TCA cycle directly
glucogenic amino acids
the forteen other amino acids