chapter4 reading Micro

Which is the most effective therapy currently used to treat HSV infection? Multiple choice question. Antiviral drug acyclovir Antibiotics such as ampicillin Post-infection vaccination Interferon

Antiviral drug acyclovir

Signs and symptoms of paralytic poliomyelitis include muscle painBlank 1Blank 1 pain , Incorrect Unavailable and atrophy, loss of control of cardiovascular respiratory centers, trunk and limb deformities, and severe pain.

Blank 1: paralysis

Bulbar poliomyelitis can affect the nerves controlling the digestiveBlank 1Blank 1 digestive , Incorrect Unavailable system.

Blank 1: respiratory

If after a latent period VZV is reactivated, it is referred to as

Blank 1: shingles or zoster

If after a latent period VZV is reactivated, it is referred to as .

Blank 1: shingles or zoster

The main goal in the treatment for polio is to Blank______. Multiple choice question. lower the activity of the large muscles alleviate pain and suffering decrease the ability for transmission to another person eliminate the pathogen with antivirals

Blank 1: vaccination, immunization, or vaccine

Deaths from influenza mainly occur in the very and the very . Deaths from influenza mainly occur in the very and the very .

Blank 1: young Blank 2: old or elderly

Which is the causative agent of whooping cough? Multiple choice question. Bordetella pertussis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus cereus Corynebacterium diphtheriae Brucella abortus

Bordetella pertussis

Which is the causative agent of whooping cough? Multiple choice question. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Brucella abortus Corynebacterium diphtheriae Bordetella pertussis Bacillus cereus

Bordetella pertussis

Which type of plague enters local lymph nodes due to the bite of a flea?

Bubonic plague

which type of plague enters local lymph nodes due to the bite of a flea? Multiple choice question. Septicemic Bubonic Pneumonic

Bubonic plague

True or false: S. aureus exhibits fewer virulence factors than S. epidermidis.

False. S. aureus produce more virulence factors than other pathogen

Which of the following are common disease names associated with herpes simplex 1 virus? Multiple select question. Fever blisters Gingivostomatitis Genital herpes Herpes keratitis Herpes zoster Cold sores

Fever blisters - Gingivostomatitis - Herpes keratitis - Cold sores

Which two of the following are prominent symptoms seen in typhoid fever? Multiple select question. Dramatic fluid retention Gastrointestinal disturbance Fever Body rash

Gastrointestinal disturbance Fever

Which of the following herpes viruses causes a condition called shingles? Multiple choice question. Human herpesviruses (HHV) 6 & 7 HSV-1 and HSV-2 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) KSHV (herpesvirus-8) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

Which of the following herpes viruses typically causes chickenpox? Multiple choice question. Human herpesviruses (HHV) 6 & 7 KSHV (herpesvirus-8) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) HSV-1 and HSV-2

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

Which of the following common signs/symptoms are associated with type 2 herpes simplex virus? Multiple select question. Vesicles ulcerate on buttocks Fever blisters Blood/protein in the urine Painful urination Genital itching Vesicles ulcerate on genitalia

Vesicles ulcerate on buttocks Painful urination Genital itching Vesicles ulcerate on genitalia

Which is the causative agent of whooping cough? Multiple choice question. Bacillus cereus Bordetella pertussis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Corynebacterium diphtheriae incorrect Brucella abortus

Whooping cough Bordetella pertussis

The causative agent for plague is _______ ______ .

Y pestis

Which organism causes the plague? Multiple choice question. Yersinia pestis Francisella tularensis Bartonella henslae Borrelia burgdorferi

Yersinia pestis

Vesicle formation and ulceration are visibly the most gruesome symptoms of type 2 herpes simplex virus. Identify all the locations where those commonly occur. Multiple select question. Genitalia Perineum Interior of the bladder Buttocks Along the interior of the arms

Genitalia Perineum Buttocks

Gram-negative enteric bacteria, such as Salmonella and E. coli, are designated by the following antigens: for the flagellar antigen; for the capsular antigen; and for the cell wall antigen.

H,K,O

are human herpesviruses that cause roseola.

HHV6 or HHV-6 Blank 2: HHV7 or HHV-7

Which of the following herpesviruses typically causes genital infections? Multiple choice question. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) HSV-2 Human herpesviruses (HHV) 6 & 7 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) HSV-1 KSHV (herpesvirus-8)

HSV-2

Most people will acquire a virus from which of these viral groups? Multiple choice question. Poxviruses Herpesviruses Hepadnavirus Papillomaviruses

Herpesviruses

Nonparalytic poliomyelitis presents with which of the following signs/symptoms? Multiple select question. Respiratory distress Hypersensitivity correct Meningeal inflammation correct Muscle pain and spasm incorrect Lack of movement in major muscle groups Cardiovascular damage

Hypersensitivity Meningeal inflammation Muscle pain and spasm

What is the role of the capsule and envelope proteins of Yersinia pestis? Multiple select question. Secretion of an endotoxin Increased intracellular growth Protection against phagocytosis Clotting of blood

Increased intracellular growth Protection against phagocytosis

Why does antibiotic treatment often increase the severity of gram-negative sepsis? Multiple choice question. It causes the immune response to be exaggerated It increases lysis of bacteria It destroys the normal flora of the body

It increases lysis of bacteria

What are the typical signs/symptoms of chickenpox? Multiple select question. Desquamation of the skin Itchy fluid-filled lesions Excessive scarring Fever Rash beginning on the scalp, face, and trunk that then radiates to extremities

Itchy fluid-filled lesions Fever Rash beginning on the scalp, face, and trunk that then radiates to extremities

The ________ classification system for streptococci is based on the ________ present on the cell wall of different species.

Lancefield carbohydrates

Select all that apply Which of the following are virulence factors of S. aureus? Multiple select question. Leukocidins Enterotoxins Hemolysins Streptokinase

Leukocidins Enterotoxins Hemolysins

_______ is often diagnosed in long-term survivors of a childhood polio infection, causing progressive muscle deterioration. Multiple choice question. Post-polio syndrome Degenerative polio Bulbar polio Nonparalytic polio

Post-polio syndrome

Which are major signs/symptoms of cholera? Multiple select question. Bloody diarrhea Profuse watery diarrhea Severe dehydration Vomiting Sudden, high fever

Profuse watery diarrhea Severe dehydration Vomiting

Which are typically signs and symptoms of smallpox? Multiple select question. Rash emerging in pharynx Rash spreading to face and extremities Scar tissue forms in lesion sites Fever Papular rash that does not form crusts Rash emerging on thorax

Rash emerging in pharynx Rash spreading to face and extremities Scar tissue forms in lesion sites Fever

Which of the following explains the location of VZV prior to the emergence of shingles? Multiple choice question. Resides within ganglia of neurons that innervate the skin Resides in someone else...they give it to you! Resides within the lungs Resides within muscle tissues

Resides within ganglia of neurons to skin

Which of the following describe the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae? Multiple select question. Secretes a hemolysin damaging red blood cells Rests on the surface of the intestinal mucosa Invades the cells of the small intestine Secretes an enterotoxin causing disruption of intestinal cells

Rests on the surface of the intestinal mucosa Secretes an enterotoxin causing disruption of intestinal cells

Which group of staphylococci usually causes the most serious infections? Multiple choice question. -S. aureus -S. capitis -S. saprophyticus

S. aureus

Complications of influenza infection include which of the following? Multiple select question. Secondary bacterial infections correct Minor hemorrhaging Cardiac arrhythmias incorrect Severe dehydration incorrect Pneumonia

Secondary bacterial infections Pneumonia

Which of the following types of plague involves the multiplication of Yersinia pestis in the blood? Septicemic Bubonic Pneumonic Cutaneous

Septicemic

Massive growth of Yersinia pestis in the bloodstream is termed plague.

Septicemic plague

Staphylococci are common inhabitants of the and mucous membranes.

Skin

_________ are common inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes.

Staphylococci

The virulence factors of S. pyogenes include ______. Multiple select question. Streptolysin O Catalase C5a protease Capsule made of hyaluronic acid Toxic shock toxin M-protein

[Streptolysin O C5a protease Capsule made of hyaluronic acid M-protein] >C5A peptidase >hyaluronic acid capsule >M protein >protein F >protein G >SPE's >streptolysins O and S >tissue degrading enzymes

The ______ test can be used to distinguish streptococci from staphylococci.

catalase

Select all that applyThe poliovirus is transmitted through ______. fecal materialfoodmechanical vectorswater

fecal material food mechanical vectors water

Salmonella gastroenteritis does not cause which of the following symptoms? Multiple choice question. Dehydration Fever Vomiting Diarrhea Mucosal lesions

fever

Which are the main virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae? Multiple choice question. hemolysins fimbriae coagulases sex pili

fimbriae

Gram negative enterics have antigens on their cell wall____________ , and ________ which contribute to their pathogenicity.

flagella, capsule

The primary vector for transmission of the plague is the _______. Multiple choice question. tick louse mosquito flea

flea

The principal vector for Yersinia pestis transmission is the _________

flea

In addition to inhalation of aerosols and droplets, influenza can also be transmitted via

fomites

Typhoid fever is usually transmitted through ________ or ________contaminated by feces.

food, water

The "O" in E. coli O157:H7 stands for the ______ surface antigen on the bacterium. Multiple choice question. flagellar capsular cell wall

cell wall

N. meningitidis is usually associated with epidemic ______ _____

cerebrospinal, meningitis

Someone with a shingles outbreak can cause which type of disease in a susceptible individual? Multiple choice question. Herpes Smallpox AIDS Chickenpox

chickenpox

An enzyme that clots plasma and blood is called

coagulase

The main function of the enzyme _______ is to clot plasma and blood. Multiple choice question. urease coagulase lipase catalse

coagulase

Which of the following are common features among all poxviruses? Specificity for the ______. Multiple select question. cytoplasm of subcutaneous connective tissues golgi bodies of epidermal cells cytoplasm of epidermal cells nucleus of epidermal cells nucleus of subcutaneous connective tissues

cytoplasm of subcutaneous connective tissues, cytoplasm of epidermal cells

VZV leading to shingles can be reactivated by ______. Multiple select question. declining immune function immunosuppressive treatment current VZV infection x-ray treatments surgery pregnancy with twins

declining immune function immunosuppressive treatment x-ray treatments surgery

Which of the following are symptoms seen in gastroenteritis? Multiple select question. Diarrhea Septicemia Dehydration Vomiting Fever Mucosal lesions

dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, mucosal lesions

Multiple Choice Question Herpes is transmitted through Blank______. Multiple choice question. fomite transmission oral-fecal transmission direct contact with secretions airborne droplets

direct contact with secretions

Select all that apply Signs and symptoms of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum include ______. Multiple select question. pharyngitis or tonsillitis edema in the eye intense inflammation

edema in the eye intense inflammation

Even though sporadic cases occur in the United States, the plague is considered _______ in the western and southwestern states. Multiple choice question. epidemic endemic eliminated pandemic

endemic

_ is a lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of the Gram-negative cell wall that can be released during septicemia.

endotoxin

Virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to the production of a(n) __________called ____________ toxin (CT).

endotoxin , cholera,

Which is a description for E. coli O157:H7? Multiple choice question. enteropathogenic enterotoxigenic enterohemorrhagic correct enteroinvasive

enterohemorrhagic

An inflammatory, diarrheal disease that involves invasion and ulceration of the mucosa of the large intestine is __________ E. coli.

enteroinvasive

A severe diarrheal disease, similar to cholera and caused by two exotoxins, is produced by E. coli.

enterotoxigenic

Virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to the production of a(n) ______called ________toxin (CT).

enterotoxin cholera

Which of the following are virulence factors of S. aureus? Multiple select question. Enterotoxins Hemolysins Streptokinase Leukocidins

enterotoxins leukocidins hemolysins

The ________ proteins and the _________ help protect Yersinia pestis from phagocytosis as well as assisting in intracellular growth of the pathogen.

envelope, capsule

N. meningitidis is usually associated with which of the following? Multiple choice question. epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic bacteremia epidemic cerebrospinal meningoencephalitis epidemic bacterial pneumonia

epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis

Pox viruses show a specificity for the cytoplasm of ______ cells and subcutaneous _________ tissues.

epidermal; connective

A person who has a herpes virus infection but is not showing any symptoms is not infectious at that moment. true or. false

false

Fomites are a common source of infection in gonorrhea because N. gonorrhoeae survives for long periods of time on inanimate surfaces. True false

false

Herpes simplex is always a sexually transmitted disease. True false

false

Most Neisseriaceae are primary human pathogens, while a few are commensals of humans. True false

false

Prevention of rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis is through vaccination. True false

false

Prevention of rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis is through vaccination. question. TrueFalse

false

Once someone has had chickenpox, they are immune to the disease ______. Multiple choice question. for the rest of their life for the next 10 years until shingles develops only after they receive a vaccination

for the rest of their life

Treatment with antimicrobial drugs and removal of _________ the are the treatments for _____________ carriers of S. typhi.

gallbladder, chronic

is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a member of the Neisseria that has been known since ancient times.

gonorrhea

Neisseria _____ causes the sexually transmitted disease known as _____

gonorrhoeae, gonorrhea

In clinical samples, Staphylococci are identified as ______. Multiple choice question. gram-positive cocci gram-negative rods gram-negative cocci gram-positive rods

gram-positive cocci

Select all that apply The signs and symptoms of influenza include: Multiple select questions. anemia. headache. coughing. myalgia. nausea. diarrhea. sore throat. fever. shortness of breath.

headache. coughing. myalgia. sore throat. fever. shortness of breath.

Influenza A viruses are named according to their different types of Herpes virusBlank 1Blank 1 Herpes virus , Incorrect Unavailable and N glycoprotein spikes.

hemagglutinin

is a molecule that causes the clumping of red blood cells and is often found on the surface of viruses.

hemagglutinin

In some cases, enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection can lead to a severe disease called _________. _________syndrome.

hemolytic uremic

Which condition, caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection, is caused by the effects of the shiga toxin on the blood and kidney? Multiple choice question. septic shock hemolytic uremic syndrome gastroenteritis bacilliary dysentery

hemolytic uremic syndrome

The name of the disease that involves the typical oral herpes is Blank______. Multiple choice question. herpetic genitalis herpetic gingivostomatitis herpetic pharyngitis herpes labialis

herpes labialis

The name of the disease that involves the typical oral herpes is Blank______. Multiple choice question. herpetic gingivostomatitis herpetic pharyngitis herpetic genitalis herpes labialis

herpes labialis

Another term for shingles is herpes

herpes zoster

like other _____ viruses , varicella is an enveloped dna virus

herpesviruses

Multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus have become common in _______ and therefore strains must be checked for antimicrobial susceptibility.

hospitals

Which of the following are natural reservoirs for pathogenic herpes virus? Multiple choice question. Dogs Emu Some rodents Humans Some birds Cats

humans

Which of the following can be infected with VZV? Multiple choice question. Humans Ducks Emu Dogs Cats

humans

Biofilm formation ______ the risk of staphylococcal infection. Multiple choice question. increases decreases has no effect on

increases

Intense inflammation and edema of the eye are signs and symptoms of gonococcal _________ _______

ophthalmia neonatorum

The ______ stage of pertussis is marked by recurrent, persistent coughing and deep inhalation that produces a "whoop" sound. Multiple choice question. catarrhal paroxysmal initial

paroxysmal

Some isolates of S. aureus show multiple resistance to antibiotics; some produce ______, which is used by the bacteria to inactivate some beta-lactam antibiotics. Multiple choice question. catalase ampicillinase oxidase penicillinase

penicillinase

Some isolates of S. aureus show multiple resistance to antibiotics; some produce ______, which is used by the bacteria to inactivate some beta-lactam antibiotics.Multiple choice question.penicillinaseoxidasecatalaseampicillinase

penicillinase

Which of the following host defenses is considered the most effective in combating S. aureus infection? B cell response antibody production phagocytic response

phagocytic response

Strep throat is more accurately referred to as streptococcal

pharyngitis

Strep throat is more accurately referred to as streptococcal ______

pharyngitis

Using microscopic characteristics, it is observed that Staphylococci are gram- ______ cocci and form irregular _______

positive, clusters

A(n) _________ is a viral-induced eruption in the skin which typically leaves small, depressed scars upon healing.

pox

Which of the following terms is used to describe a viral-induced eruption in the skin which typically leaves a small, depressed scar upon healing? Multiple choice question. Pustule Pox Lesion Ulcer

pox

Hemagglutinin binds to host cell on the respiratory mucosa, which aids in penetration of the virus.

receptors

Pertussis is transmitted by ______. Multiple choice question. respiratory droplets fomites direct contact vectors

respiratory droplets

One of the complications seen with bulbar poliomyelitis is Blank______. Multiple choice question. severe muscle spasms Reason: Muscle spasms or paralysis are more often seen in paralytic polio. hyperactive reflexes meningeal inflammation incorrect respiratory failure

respiratory failure

Bordetella pertussis is transmitted primarily via direct

respiratory, droplet, droplets, airborne, aerosol, or aerosols

Which are not considered typical signs and symptoms of smallpox? Multiple select question. rash leaving nonpigmented sites pitted with scar tissue abdominal and back pain scaly, itchy vesicles with clear fluid papular rash that does not form crusts a rash emerging in the mouth pustules with indentations with thick fluid

scaly, itchy vesicles with clear fluid papular rash that does not form crusts

Fever or stress can reactivate the genes of HSV that has been latent in the Blank______. Multiple choice question. sensory nerve ganglia heart brain urogenital tract

sensory nerve ganglia

In 20-50% of primary infections, HSV can remain latent in the Blank______. Multiple choice question. heart sensory nerve ganglia liver urogenital tract

sensory nerve ganglia

N. gonorrhoeae is most infectious when transferred through _________ contact with an infected carrier.

sexual

A 94-year old woman with a widespread rash diagnosed as chickenpox likely contracted it from her husband who had a case of Blank______. Multiple choice question. measles shingles herpes meningitis

shingles

If someone who had chicken pox has reactivation of VZV, the condition is known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. SSSS shingles smallpox impetigo

shingles

Ganglia of neurons serving the Blank______ are the sites where the varicella-zoster virus becomes latent. Multiple choice question. skin heart intestine muscles

skin

Smallpox is transmitted through Blank______. Multiple select question. contaminated water arthropod vectors skin crusts contaminated food droplets

skin crusts droplets

An infection caused by S. pyogenes and which causes redness, swelling, tenderness, and pain of the throat is known as ______. Multiple choice question. rheumatic fever streptococcal pharyngitis scarlet fever streptococcal pneumonia

streptococcal pharyngitis

When growing in liquid culture, ________ generally has a spherical shape arranged in long _______

streptococci, chain

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of S. aureus? lipase hemolysins incorrect streptokinase leukocidins coagulase

streptokinase

S. aureus can cause disease ranging from localized to

systemic

All of the following are correct for VZV except Blank______. Multiple choice questions. shingles also known as herpes zoster chickenpox is caused by VZV the varicella-zoster virus is a poxvirus the portal of entry for VZV infections is via the respiratory tract

the varicella-zoster virus is a poxvirus

Isolates of S. aureus can be resistant to multiple antibiotics True or false?

true

Plague is endemic in parts of the US, and only a few cases occur every year. True false

true

Statistically, nearly everyone will eventually become infected with a herpes virus. True false

true

Which serotype is the most serious Salmonella pathogen? Multiple choice question. Newport Javiana Enteritidis Typhi

typhi

Humans can develop ___________ plague through contact with domestic or semi-domestic animals.

urban

Typical signs and symptoms of gonorrhea include in males, eye infections in , and pelvic inflammatory disease in women.

urethritis or urethral infectionneonates, newborns, infants, or babies

The smallpox vaccine is based on the _______ virus.

vaccinia

The virus that causes both chickenpox and shingles is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. herpes simplex virus hepadnavirus varicella-zoster virus measles virus

varicella-zoster virus

S. aureus exhibits more xxx factors than almost any other pathogen.

virulence

The cholera toxin binds to specific receptors in the intestine, which results in profuse __________ loss from the intestine.

water or fluid

Infection by Vibrio cholerae is typically treated by _____.

water/electrolyte replacement

Which of the following are long-term sequelae of S. pyogenes?

- Rheumatic fever - Acute glomerulonephritis

Salmonella bacteria are normal intestinal biota in which animals? Multiple select question. Cattle Reptiles Humans Rodents Pigs

- Rodents- Reptiles- Cattle

The two pathogenic members of the Neisseria genus include the gonococcus, N. _____ and the meningococcus, N. ________

-Gonorrhoeae -Meningitidis

Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci are prevalent members of the normal flora of the ______.intestines nervous system skin oral cavity

-Intestine -Skin -Oral Cavity

The pustular lesions in smallpox crust over, leaving _______ sites pitted ______ with tissue.

nonpigmented scar

Please select all of the correct answers that describe the pathology of N. gonorrhoeae. -Males have a high rate of symptomatic cases, whereas females have a high rate of asymptomatic cases -.Blindness can occur in babies born to women with gonorrhea infection. -The major effect of untreated gonorrhea, in all populations, is pelvic inflammatory disease -N. gonorrhoeae can stay in a patient's blood for years even after treatment.

-Males have a high rate of symptomatic cases, whereas females have a high rate of asymptomatic cases -.Blindness can occur in babies born to women with gonorrhea infection.

Select all that apply The vaccines used to prevent meningococcal meningitis include ______. Multiple select question. Prevnar Menactra Menomune Pneumovax

-Menactra -Menomune

The two pathogenic members of the Neisseria genus include which of the following? Multiple select question. N. subflava N. mucosa N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitidis

-N. gonorrhoeae -N. meningitidis

Which of the following species uses coagulase to cause plasma clotting? Multiple choice question. -Staphylococcus epidermidis -Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus -Micrococcus luteus -Candida albicans -Staphylococcus aureus

-Staphylococcus aureus

Occasionally, an episode of food poisoning occurs which centers around processed ham, sausage, or salted pork. These episodes are almost always assumed to be due to ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus unless other evidence proves differently. This is because Multiple Choice -Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for most episodes of food poisoning. -Staphylococcus aureus is one of the few bacteria able to multiply in foods as salty as sausage, ham, or salted pork. -Staphylococcus aureus is able to take advantage of the high-fat content found in these foods better than other bacterial species. -People whose diet includes high-fat foods such as these are more susceptible to infection with Staphylococcus aureus.

-Staphylococcus aureus is one of the few bacteria able to multiply in foods as salty as sausage, ham, or salted pork.

John has been diagnosed with gonorrhea and he is worried about his ex-girlfriend, with whom he had been having sex. But she hasn't said anything about it to him, so he just decides to not say anything. Please choose the statement that best explains why his girlfriend does not have symptoms. Multiple Choice -It is very difficult to transmit gonorrhea, so he is correct in figuring that she never got it. -She had been taking an antibiotic ointment for her acne, and this must have protected her also from gonorrhea. -The rate of symptoms, particularly in women, can be very low. -N. gonorrhoeae becomes dormant in the body, without symptoms for years, so she won't know that she has it for a long time.

-The rate of symptoms, particularly in women, can be very low.

Signs and symptoms that may be caused by gonorrhea include ______. Multiple select question. sterility in females only herpetic keratitis eye infections in newborns urethritis in males PID in females

-eye infections in newborns -urethritis in males -PID in females

Which of the following are characteristics of Staphylococcus species?

-gram-positive -may be encapsulated -lack spores - lack flagella - catalase positive

S. aureus can cause ______. -localized disease only -systemic disease only -localized and systemic disease

-localized and systemic disease

Streptococcus pyogenes belongs to which group of streptococci? Multiple choice question. B A C

A

Which of the following are the most important virulence factors of N. meningitidis? Multiple select question. beta hemolysin polysaccharide capsule lipopolysaccharide adhesive fimbriae IgA protease

-polysaccharide capsule -IgA protease -lipopolysaccharide -adhesive fimbriae

Staphylococci are gram-______ facultative anaerobes with ______ cells arranged primarily in irregular clusters. Multiple choice question. -negative, spiral -positive, spiral -positive, spherical -negative, spherical -positive, rod-shaped -negative, rod-shaped

-positive, spherical

Which of the following are contributing factors to the pathogenicity of N. gonorrhoeae?lipase damaging cell membranes of the hostprotease cleaving IgA on mucosal surfacesfimbriae promoting attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfacessurface molecules attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfacessex pili promoting attachment of cocci to each other

-protease cleaving IgA on mucosal surfaces -fimbriae promoting attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces -surface molecules attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces

The typical transmission route of N. meningitidis is through ______. Multiple select question. respiratory droplets surgical incisions respiratory secretions contact with fomites

-respiratory droplets -respiratory secretions

Prompt treatment of strep throat with antibiotics is necessary to lessen the possibility of -scarlet fever -rheumatic fever. -acute glomerulonephritis. -Antibiotics should not be used to treat streptococcal infections. -dental caries.

-scarlet fever -rheumatic fever. -acute glomerulonephritis.

The age range that accounts for the majority of pertussis cases is _______ years old.

0-4

N. gonorrhoeae survives for ______ on fomites. Multiple choice question. 1-2 hours 6 days 10 hours

1-2 hours

Virulence Factors of Streptococcus pyogenes Please match the virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes to its description. 1. Surface antigen that serves as the basis for alphabetical grouping; protects bacterium from lysozyme (Click to select) Hyaluronidase C carbohydrate Streptokinase Capsule Streptolysin M protein 2. Toxin that causes beta-hemolysis on blood agar and injures cells of the host (Click to select) M protein Capsule C carbohydrate Streptokinase Streptolysin Hyaluronidase 3. Enzyme that plays a role in invasion by leading to the digestion of fibrin clots (Click to select) C carbohydrate Hyaluronidase Streptokinase M protein Capsule Streptolysin 4. Projecting surface antigen that facilitates adherence and resists phagocytosis (Click to select) M protein C carbohydrate Streptokinase Capsule Streptolysin Hyaluronidase 5. Chemical surface layer that prevents an immune response by the host (Click to sel

1. C CARBOHYDRATE 2. STREPTOLYSIN 3.STREPTOKINASE 4.M PROTEIN 5. CAPSULE 6.HYALURONIDASE

Please match the staphylococcal disease with its symptom.

1. Organ damage/shutdown= Toxic shock syndrome 2. Localized abscesses= Boils 3. Vomiting Food intoxication 4. Bone infection= Osteomyelitis

Place the answers below in the correct order of the stages of infection and pathogenesis of poliomyelitis, with the earliest stage at the top

1. viruses attaches 2,viruses multiplies 3. virus escapes virus passes

The age group most likely to contract and transmit HSV-2 is______ - ______ years old.

14-29

How many different groups of streptococci did Rebecca Lancefield identify? Multiple choice question. 2 20 10

20

_________ plague is an infection with Yersinia pestis that results in lymphatic tissue inflammation and necrosis.

: Bubonic

_______ is a throat infection usually caused by S. pyogenes that also produces a bright red rash on the skin and a high fever.

A

Which of the following describes infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli? Multiple choice question. A syndrome that causes bloody diarrhea and permanent damage to kidney An inflammatory disease similar to Shigella involving destruction of intestinal mucosa A severe form of diarrhea in infants A severe diarrheal disease due to two exotoxins; similar to cholera

A severe diarrheal disease due to two exotoxins; similar to cholera

Which of the following describes infection with enteropathogenic E. coli? Multiple choice question. An inflammatory disease similar to Shigella involving destruction of intestinal mucosa incorrect A severe diarrheal disease due to 2 exotoxins; similar to cholera A syndrome that causes bloody diarrhea and permanent damage to kidney A severe form of diarrhea in infants

A severe form of diarrhea in infants

Please Choose the Answers that Correctly Describe the Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus. Please choose the answers that correctly describe the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. Check All That Apply -Coagulase enzyme causes blood plasma to clot -Staphylokinase enzyme destroys red blood cells. -Penicillinase enzyme allows S. aureus to grow in the presence of penicillin -Hyaluronidase enzyme promotes invasion of host tissues -Lipase enzyme causes a fever in the host.

A,C,D

The most effective, non-toxic, and specific therapy for HSV infection is an antiviral drug called

Acyclovir

Which of the following is common among all herpes viruses? Multiple choice question. All can be latent All cause blisters Same tissue tropism All cause pox marks RNA genomes

All can be latent

Which diagnostic tests can be used on specimens or cell culture to detect differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2? Multiple select question. Isolation of viral particles Binding of fluorescent antibodies Observation of blood cell lysis Gene detection with DNA probes

Binding of fluorescent antibodies Gene detection with DNA probes

Herpes simplex virus ________ (number) is typically associated with fever blisters in the mouth while herpes simplex virus ________ (number) is typically associated with genital infections.

Blank 1: 1 or one Blank 2: 2 or two

Pertussis is caused by the bacterium

Blank 1: Bordetella, B., or B Blank 2: pertussis

Of the culturable, aerobic, intestinal bacteria, Escherichia

Blank 1: Escherichia, E., or E Blank 2: coli

________and __________ are human herpesviruses that cause roseola.

Blank 1: HHV6 or HHV-6 Blank 2: HHV7 or HHV-7

-polio syndrome is the condition in which long-term survivors of poliomyelitis suffer from progressive muscle deterioration decades after infection.

Blank 1: Post

Streptolysins O and S, tissue-digesting enzymes, and M proteins are all virulence factors of _______ ______

Blank 1: Streptococcus, Strep, S., or S Blank 2: pyogenes

The most prominent symptoms of typhoid _____________ pain and ______________

Blank 1: abdominal or stomach Blank 2: fever

To differentiate between HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections, specimens can be tested with fluorescent or probes.

Blank 1: antibodies Blank 2: DNA

Varicella-zoster virus causes two types of infections: varicella, also known as , and herpes zoster, also known as .

Blank 1: chickenpox Blank 2: shingles

The influenza virus binds to cytokine cells of the respiratory storm

Blank 1: ciliated or ciliary Blank 2: tract, epithelia, or mucosa

Most Neisseriaceae are ______ but two are primary human ____

Blank 1: commensals Blank 2: pathogens

When the cholera toxin binds to specific receptors on intestinal cells, the cells shed large amounts of________ into the intestine, accompanied by extreme ____________ loss.

Blank 1: electrolytes Blank 2: water or fluid

E. coli O157:H7 is also known as __________ E.coli

Blank 1: enterohemorrhagic or STEC

the _____ polio vaccine is recommended for all childhood vaccinations in the United States.

Blank 1: inactivated or IPV

Most cases of paralytic poliomyelitis present with which of the following signs/symptoms? Multiple select question. Inflammation of the meninges Lack of movement in major muscle groups Respiratory distress Cardiovascular damage Muscle atrophy Hypersensitivity Severe pain in affected limbs

Blank 1: inactivated or attenuated Blank 2: oral

Important virulence factors of N. meningitidis include the ______ (LPS) in the cell wall, polysaccharide , _______ adhesive , and IgA ________

Blank 1: lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin Blank 2: capsule Blank 3: fimbriae Blank 4: protease

The chickenpox vaccine contains a(n) strain of the varicella-zoster virus.

Blank 1: live Blank 2: attenuated

The ______ polio vaccine contains a(n) poliomyelitis________virus that can in rare instances become virulent and actually cause polio.

Blank 1: oral Blank 2: attenuated

Signs and symptoms of nonparalytic poliomyelitis include muscle and meningeal

Blank 1: pain or myalgia Blank 2: inflammation

Signs and symptoms of nonparalytic poliomyelitis include muscle and meningeal .

Blank 1: pain or myalgia Blank 2: inflammation

Signs and symptoms of paralytic poliomyelitis include muscle and atrophy, loss of control of cardiovascular respiratory centers, trunk and limb deformities, and severe pain.

Blank 1: paralysis

Which stage of whooping cough is characterized by nasal drainage and congestion, sneezing, and occasional coughing? Multiple choice question. Terminal stage Cartarrhal stage Paroxysmal stage Late stage

Cartarrhal stage

Which test can be used to distinguish streptococci from staphylococci? Multiple choice question. Catalase test Colony examination Oxidase test Hyaluronidase test Growth in anaerobic conditions

Catalase test

Gram-negative enterics have antigens contributing to their pathogenicity that are found on which of the following structures? Multiple select question. Cilia Cell membrane Cell wall Flagella Capsule

Cell wall Flagella Capsule

Gram-positive and gram-negative BLANK. are among the most significant infectious agents of humans.

Cocci

How is typhoid fever usually transmitted? Multiple choice question. Droplet nuclei Bedding and clothing of infected Contaminated food or water Mechanical vectors

Contaminated food or water

The transmission route of N. meningitidis is through close contact with respiratory _____ _______

Correct Answer Blank 1: droplets Blank 2: secretions

Which is the primary mode of transmission for smallpox? Multiple choice question. Contaminated food Sexual activity Contaminated water Droplets Direct contact with infected person

Droplets

Which is the primary mode of transmission for smallpox? Multiple choice question. Sexual activity Droplets Contaminated water Direct contact with infected person Contaminated food

Droplets

Which organism causes 50% to 80% of the urinary tract infections that occur in otherwise healthy people? Multiple choice question. E. coli S. marcescens K. pneumoniae S. aureus

E. coli

Which organism serves as an indicator of fecal contamination in water, food, and dairy products? Multiple choice question. S. marcescens K. pneumoniae E. coli S. aureus

E. coli

Due it is role in laboratory studies, the best-known coliform is ___________ _________

E.coli

Of the aerobic bacteria in the gut that can be easily cultured, which of the following is most prevalent? Multiple choice question. P. vulgaris E. coli K. pneumoniae P. aeruginosa

E.coli

Which describes the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles? Multiple choice question. Retrovirus Enveloped RNA virus Naked DNA virus Naked RNA virus Enveloped DNA virus

Enveloped DNA virus

E. coli O157:H7 is also known as _________ E. coli.

Escherichia coli

Select all that apply General characteristics of streptococci include which of the following? Multiple select question. Spherical shape Arranged in irregular clusters Facultative anaerobes Arranged in long, beadlike chains

Facultative anaerobes Arranged in long, beadlike chains Spherical shape

Cholera infections are typically treated with antibiotics. True false

False

Herpes simplex viruses often target Blank______. Multiple choice question. the intestinal tract neural tissue the circulatory system mucus membranes the liver

Mucus membrane

Most cases of paralytic poliomyelitis present with which of the following signs/symptoms? Multiple select question. Muscle atrophy correct Inflammation of the meninges incorrect Respiratory distress incorrect Cardiovascular damage Lack of movement in major muscle groups incorrect Severe pain in affected limbs correct Hypersensitivity

Muscle atrophy Respiratory distress Lack of movement in major muscle groups Severe pain in affected limbs

Please select the pathogenic species of Neisseria.

N. meningitidisn. gonorrhoeae

Which of the following are common disease names associated with herpes simplex 1 virus? Multiple select question. Herpes zoster Gingivostomatitis Herpes keratitis Genital herpes Fever blisters Cold sores

Neonatal disease Eye disease Genital lesions Oral fever blisters Herpes keratitis Cold sores Gingivostomatitis Fever blisters

Where does the chickenpox virus become latent? Multiple choice question. Dermatomes Skin cells Brain cells Nerve ganglia Spinal cord

Nerve ganglia

allows the influenza virus to break down the protective mucus in the respiratory tract, helps the virus to bud from host cells, and prevents viruses from sticking together.

Neuraminidase

Streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with which drug?

Penicillin

The antibiotic of choice for pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes is

Penicillin V

The main treatment therapies for polio include which of the following? Multiple select question. Postexposure vaccination Physical therapy Oral immunization Antibiotic therapy Artificial ventilation Pain-relieving drugs

Physical therapy Artificial ventilation Pain-relieving drugs

Which type of plague is a respiratory disease? Multiple choice question. Pneumonic Septicemic Bubonic

Pneumonic

_________ plague results in respiratory signs/symptoms.

Pneumonic

Which type of plague is a respiratory disease? Multiple choice question. Septicemic Pneumonic Bubonic

Pneumonic plague

Please choose the statement that explains why patient specimens have to be plated and cultured using differential and selective media for laboratory diagnosis of staphylococcal infections. Multiple Choice -The population of staphylococcal cells in the patient's tissues is so small that highly enriched media has to be used to increase the growth of Staphylococcus. -Staphylococcus grows in areas of the body that are highly populated with normal microbiota, so these media inhibit other microorganisms, making it easier to find staphylococci. -These media are very high in nutrients, so Staphylococcus grows well. -These media have antibiotics which inhibit Staphylococcus, and therefore, assist in the treatment of the patient's infection.

Staphylococcus grows in areas of the body that are highly populated with normal microbiota, so these media inhibit other microorganisms, making it easier to find staphylococci.

Which type of plague develops through contact with wild animals? Multiple choice question. Sylvatic plague Domestic plague Urban plague

Sylvatic plague

Why is antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus species essential? Multiple choice question. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is not needed for treating staphylococci The staphylococci are notorious in their acquisition of resistance to new drugs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is best practice for all infections

The staphylococci are notorious in their acquisition of resistance to new drugs.

Why should sexual partners of individuals with gonococcal infection be tracked down? Multiple choice question. They must be notified of possible infection so they can receive a preventative vaccine. They must be notified of possible infection because many infections are asymptomatic. They must be notified of possible infection so they don't donate blood and spread gonococci via a transfusion.

They must be notified of possible infection because many infections are asymptomatic.

What is the best method to prevent rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis?

Treat the preceding infection

Extensive scarring in smallpox results from the progression of ______ occurring in the later stages of the infection. Multiple choice question. malaise an allergic reaction a fever a rash a hemorrhage

a rash

Which of the following herpes-infected people could potentially transmit the herpes virus? Multiple select question. Person showing symptoms of gingivostomatitis The herpes virus is not communicable. Person showing symptoms of a fever blister Person showing symptoms of herpetic whitlow Person showing no symptoms

all persons

Treatment with can __________ actually increase the severity of gram- ________ sepsis due to the increase in lysis of the bacterial cells and release of lipopolysaccharide.

antibiotics / negative

Cases of chickenpox that develop secondary bacterial infections can be treated with ; patients at risk for serious complications can be treated with .

antibiotics; acyclovir

A change in the amino acid composition of influenza virus A glycoprotein spikes through frequent genetic mutations is called .

antigenic drift

Constant genetic change of glycoproteins through mutations in the genome of influenza virus A is referred to as Blank______. Multiple choice question. antigenic drift antigenic shift viral crossing over

antigenic drift

What treatments may be used with chronic carriers of the typhoid bacillus? Antimicrobial drugs Radiation of liver/spleen Removal of gallbladder Scheduled vaccinations

antimicrobial drugs removal of gallbladder

The role of neuraminidase in an influenza infection is to: Multiple select question. facilitate penetration of the respiratory mucosal cells. assist in budding of virions. break down the mucous coating of the respiratory tract. support the maturation of newly formed virions. keep viruses from sticking together.

assist in budding of virions. break down the mucous coating of the respiratory tract. keep viruses from sticking together.

Because many cases of gonococcal infection are _____________ in women (and a small percentage of men), tracking sexual partners of identified individuals is critical in preventing complications.

asymptomatic

Amongst the species of staphylococci that are important human pathogens, the most significant pathogen is Staphylococcus .

aureus

Which of the following are characteristics of S. pyogenes? Multiple select question. beta-hemolyticalpha- hemolyticbacitracin -resistantbacitracin-sensitive

beta-hemolytic bacitracin-sensitive

S. pyogenes is _______ -hemolytic on blood agar and bacitracin ________ , characteristics used to place this organism in Lancefield Group A.

beta; sensitive

Foreign objects can support _________ production by the staphylococci, increasing the risk of infections in patients who have catheters, shunts, or other prosthetic devices.

biofilm

Which is not a major sign/symptom of cholera? Multiple choice question. electrolyte imbalance bloody diarrhea "rice-water" stool profuse watery diarrhea severe dehydration vomiting

bloody diarrhea

Methods of transmission of herpes to newborns include ______. Multiple select question. Herpes is not transmissible to newborns infection before birth hand transmissions from mother's lesions to the baby genital delivery mother with cold sores kissing a baby on the mouth

infection before birth hand transmissions from mother's lesions to the baby genital delivery mother with cold sores kissing a baby on the mouth

The term that describes an inactive and non-multiplying state as seen in herpes type viruses is

latent

All of the following are typical signs and symptoms of chickenpox EXCEPT: Multiple select question. lesions heal completely with minimal scarring. incorrect lesions begin on extremities. incorrect lesions begin on scalp, face and trunk. incorrect fever. itchy vesicles. lesions cause deep scarring.

lesions begin on extremities. lesions cause deep scarring.

_______________ is a bacterial toxin that is an integral part of the Gram-negative cell wall and is not ordinarily released.

lipopolysaccharide

The most powerful host defenses used to combat S. aureus infection phagocytosis by neutrophils and ..., aided by the opsonic action of ...

macrophages; complement

The vaccine used to prevent meningococcal meningitis in persons older than 55 is known as

menomune, MPSV4, or Menactra

The loss of the ciliary mechanism in pertussis infection results in________ buildup.

mucuc

What occurs as a result of the loss of the ciliary mechanism in pertussis infection?

mucus build up

A streptococcal infection of the skin that leads to deeper infection of the muscle, resulting in the sloughing off of tissue is known as ______.

necrotizing fasciitis

The streptococcal infection ______ _______ begins at the skin and leads to deeper infection of the muscle, resulting in the sloughing off of tissue.

necrotizing fascitis

After an initial infection with chickenpox, the virus becomes latent in cells.

nerve