Chapters 1-4
Which psychological perspective would agree with the statement "The whole is more than the sum of its parts"?
Gestalt
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a/an ________ design.
longitudinal
The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in:
motivation and pleasure
Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired researchers to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?
naturalistic observation
Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?
no sensation in his legs and feet
The empirical method of study is based on ________
observation
A negative correlation means ________
one variable increases as the other decreases
Which effect would someone with damage to the occipital lobe be MOST likely to display?
partial or complete blindness
Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.
personality
The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system
pituitary
Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes ________
placebo effect
What is Abraham Maslow best known for?
proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
Takoda's therapist frequently asks her questions about her dreams and early childhood memories. Her therapist is MOST likely a _____ psychologist
psychoanalytic
In an experimental design, volunteers are placed into the experimental group or the control group based on a flip of a coin. This method illustrates:
random assignment
An intelligence test has a top score of 150. If a person takes this test three times within a week and receives scores of 100, 75, and 125, the test probably does NOT have:
reliability
When Nick reaches for his fork so that he can take a bite of his pasta, he can consciously do so because he is using his _____ nervous system
somatic
Izzy's pupils are dilated and her heart is pounding; her breathing is shallow and rapid. Her _____ nervous system is active
sympathetic
The _____ relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex
thalamus
Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________
the contribution of genes or environment to the behavior in the individuals studied
If a researcher studies the effects of different amounts of sugar on the activity level of rats, the activity level of the rats is called:
the dependent variable
Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________
thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and actions
Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?
forensic
The _________ perspective is most concerned with how behaviors/processes can make an individual more likely to survive and pass their genes down to the next generation
functionalism
________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
humanism
"People who score higher in extraversion should have more social media friends or followers than do people who score lower." This statement is an example of a
hypothesis
The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a________
illusory correlation
According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?
interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
it is complex
Lily floats a note across a river to Karen instead of directly passing it from her hand to Karen's hand. If, in this scenario, the river represents the synapse, which component of the scenario represents the dendrite?
Karen
_________ used introspection in his pursuit of structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt
The case study is a research method in which
a single individual (or small group of people) is studied in great detail.
The _____ is an area of the brain that plays a role in emotional processes and the formation of emotional memories
amygdala
The view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies observable human behavior without reference to mental processes is known as
behaviorism
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to
believe they could have foreseen an outcome
Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
breathing
The role of sensory neurons is to:
carry signals from the spinal cord to muscles to produce movement
The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills
cerebellum
Autumn is investigating the effects of relationships on happiness. The fact that one of her participants just won the lottery is a ________.
confound
Instead of blindly accepting arguments, _________ examines assumptions, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
critical thinking
The 3 key attitudes a scientist must have to think critically are:
curiosity, skepticism, and humility
_________ reasoning starts with a generalization that is tested against real-world observations; _________ reasoning uses empirical observations to construct broad generalizations
deductive; inductive
Which of these is NOT an example of an operational definition?
defining attractiveness as how pretty a subject is judged to be by participants
Which sequence is correct for information traveling within a single neuron?
dendrites, cell body, axon
_________ psychologists study physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the human life span
developmental
An electroencephalograph (EEG) is a:
device used to record electrical activity in the brain
In a ________ design, neither the participants nor the experimenters know if a participant is in the experimental or control group.
double blind
After Phineas Gage's accident in 1848, he
experienced a dramatic personality change
Today, psychology is defined as the:
the science of behavior and mental processes
Authorities have noted that there is an increased number of teen pregnancies among high schools that offer day care to their students. We can draw which of the following conclusions?
there is a positive correlation to teen pregnancies and day care in high schools
________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure
validity