Chapters 1-4

Which psychological perspective would agree with the statement "The whole is more than the sum of its parts"?

Gestalt

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a/an ________ design.

longitudinal

The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in:

motivation and pleasure

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired researchers to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

naturalistic observation

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

The empirical method of study is based on ________

observation

A negative correlation means ________

one variable increases as the other decreases

Which effect would someone with damage to the occipital lobe be MOST likely to display?

partial or complete blindness

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system

pituitary

Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes ________

placebo effect

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Takoda's therapist frequently asks her questions about her dreams and early childhood memories. Her therapist is MOST likely a _____ psychologist

psychoanalytic

In an experimental design, volunteers are placed into the experimental group or the control group based on a flip of a coin. This method illustrates:

random assignment

An intelligence test has a top score of 150. If a person takes this test three times within a week and receives scores of 100, 75, and 125, the test probably does NOT have:

reliability

When Nick reaches for his fork so that he can take a bite of his pasta, he can consciously do so because he is using his _____ nervous system

somatic

Izzy's pupils are dilated and her heart is pounding; her breathing is shallow and rapid. Her _____ nervous system is active

sympathetic

The _____ relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex

thalamus

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________

the contribution of genes or environment to the behavior in the individuals studied

If a researcher studies the effects of different amounts of sugar on the activity level of rats, the activity level of the rats is called:

the dependent variable

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and actions

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

The _________ perspective is most concerned with how behaviors/processes can make an individual more likely to survive and pass their genes down to the next generation

functionalism

________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

humanism

"People who score higher in extraversion should have more social media friends or followers than do people who score lower." This statement is an example of a

hypothesis

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a________

illusory correlation

According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?

interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

it is complex

Lily floats a note across a river to Karen instead of directly passing it from her hand to Karen's hand. If, in this scenario, the river represents the synapse, which component of the scenario represents the dendrite?

Karen

_________ used introspection in his pursuit of structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt

The case study is a research method in which

a single individual (or small group of people) is studied in great detail.

The _____ is an area of the brain that plays a role in emotional processes and the formation of emotional memories

amygdala

The view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies observable human behavior without reference to mental processes is known as

behaviorism

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

believe they could have foreseen an outcome

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

The role of sensory neurons is to:

carry signals from the spinal cord to muscles to produce movement

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills

cerebellum

Autumn is investigating the effects of relationships on happiness. The fact that one of her participants just won the lottery is a ________.

confound

Instead of blindly accepting arguments, _________ examines assumptions, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

critical thinking

The 3 key attitudes a scientist must have to think critically are:

curiosity, skepticism, and humility

_________ reasoning starts with a generalization that is tested against real-world observations; _________ reasoning uses empirical observations to construct broad generalizations

deductive; inductive

Which of these is NOT an example of an operational definition?

defining attractiveness as how pretty a subject is judged to be by participants

Which sequence is correct for information traveling within a single neuron?

dendrites, cell body, axon

_________ psychologists study physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the human life span

developmental

An electroencephalograph (EEG) is a:

device used to record electrical activity in the brain

In a ________ design, neither the participants nor the experimenters know if a participant is in the experimental or control group.

double blind

After Phineas Gage's accident in 1848, he

experienced a dramatic personality change

Today, psychology is defined as the:

the science of behavior and mental processes

Authorities have noted that there is an increased number of teen pregnancies among high schools that offer day care to their students. We can draw which of the following conclusions?

there is a positive correlation to teen pregnancies and day care in high schools

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure

validity