AP Psych Terms 2023

Groupthink

a mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives

Group Polarization

if a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens prevailingoptions and attitudes

social facilitation

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Deindividualization

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint, typically in a sense ofanomie (mob situation)

Milgram - obedience

people tend to obey authority figures; 60% of participants thought they delivered the max possible level of shock

Just-World Phenomenon -

tendency of people to believe that the world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Foot-in-the-Door Phem

tendency to apply w/ larger requests after responding to a smaller request

Asch - conformity

tendency to go along with the views and actions of others, even if you know they are wrong

Fundamental Attribution Thy

tendency to overestimate the impact of person's disposition and underestimate impact of situation

Social Loafing

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

attribution theory

the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

Prejudice -

unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members

Altruism -

unselfish regard for the welfare to others

In-group

- people with whom one shares a common identity with

Social Traps

- situation in which the confliction parties, by each rationally pursuingtheir self-interests, become caught in mutually destructive beh

Bystander effect

- tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Hindsight Bias

- tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we would havepredicted it beforehand and may contribute to blaming the victim and formingprejudices against him/her

Reciprocity Norms

- the expectation that we should return help, not harm to those whohave helped us

Mere exposure effect

- the mere exposure to a stimulus will increase the liking of it

Out-group

- those perceived as different from themselves

cognitive dissonance

Person changes their behavior to avoid looking bad

Zimbardo - Stanford Prison Experiment/Lucifer Effect

Role Playing: People take onthe role of what they feel are proper for the situation