AP Psych Terms 2023
Groupthink
a mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives
Group Polarization
if a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens prevailingoptions and attitudes
social facilitation
improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Deindividualization
loss of self-awareness and self-restraint, typically in a sense ofanomie (mob situation)
Milgram - obedience
people tend to obey authority figures; 60% of participants thought they delivered the max possible level of shock
Just-World Phenomenon -
tendency of people to believe that the world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Foot-in-the-Door Phem
tendency to apply w/ larger requests after responding to a smaller request
Asch - conformity
tendency to go along with the views and actions of others, even if you know they are wrong
Fundamental Attribution Thy
tendency to overestimate the impact of person's disposition and underestimate impact of situation
Social Loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
attribution theory
the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition
Prejudice -
unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members
Altruism -
unselfish regard for the welfare to others
In-group
- people with whom one shares a common identity with
Social Traps
- situation in which the confliction parties, by each rationally pursuingtheir self-interests, become caught in mutually destructive beh
Bystander effect
- tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Hindsight Bias
- tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we would havepredicted it beforehand and may contribute to blaming the victim and formingprejudices against him/her
Reciprocity Norms
- the expectation that we should return help, not harm to those whohave helped us
Mere exposure effect
- the mere exposure to a stimulus will increase the liking of it
Out-group
- those perceived as different from themselves
cognitive dissonance
Person changes their behavior to avoid looking bad
Zimbardo - Stanford Prison Experiment/Lucifer Effect
Role Playing: People take onthe role of what they feel are proper for the situation