Chapters 10-12 Assignment

In a resting neuron, the area just inside of the cell membrane is more _____ than the area just outside of the cell membrane.

Negative

A group of interneurons that synapse with each other, that receives input and generates output, performing a common function is called a(n):

Neuronal pool

The myelin sheath along an axon is not continuous. Between Schwann cells are gaps called:

Nodes of Ranvier

The cell membrane of a neuron has both gated and non-gated ion channels. Which type of non-gated channel is more abundant?

Non-gated potassium channels

The monoamine neurotransmitters include:

Norepinephrine

Detection of changes inside and outside of the body is the function of:

Sensory receptors

After an action potential arrives at a synaptic knob, opening calcium channels and allowing calcium to enter the cell, what happens next?

Synaptic vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane and release acetylcholine

An action potential results in:

The area inside of the neuron cell membrane becoming positively charged compared to the outside

1. Dendrite 2. Axon

1. Branched processes, receives incoming signals, thorn-like spines maybe present 2. Single process, ends with synaptic knobs, sends outgoing impulses, may have collaterals, Associated with Schwann cells, supported by neurofibrils

Match the descriptions with the correct part of a neuron. 1. Branches of axon 2. Release neurotransmitter 3. Provide support for axon hillock and axon 4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

1. Collaterals 2. Synaptic knobs 3. Neurofibrils 4. Chromaphilic substance

Match the description of the neuroglia with the correct cell type. 1. Aid in production of cerebral spinal fluid; line CNS cavities 2. Part of blood-brain barrier; nutritive functions 3. Form myelin in CNS 4. Phagocytes; supportive function

1. Ependymal cells 2. Astrocytes 3. Oligodendrocytes 4. Microglia

1. IPSP's 2. EPSP's

1. Hyperpolarization, opening of potassium channels, opening of chloride channels, moves membrane potential further form threshold 2. Depolarization, opening of sodium channels, brings membrane potential closer to threshold

Match the description with the correct classification of neuron. 1. Carry impulses from the CNS to effectors 2. Relay impulses between neurons in CNS 3. Carry impulses from receptors to CNS

1. Motor neurons 2. Interneurons 3. Sensory neurons

Match the description with the correct type of neuron. 1. Cell body with many processes; one axon and many dendrites 2. Cell body has single process that divides into two branches 3. Cell body with a process arising from each end; one dendrite and one axon

1. Multipolar neuron 2. Unipolar neuron 3. Bipolar neuron

1. Local Potential 2. Action Potential

1. Occurs at receptive regions of neuron, involves chemically-gated ion channels, graded response, may by excitatory or inhibitory 2. Occurs along axon, involves voltage-gated ion channels, all-or-none response, depolarization followed by repolarization

1. In the central nervous system, myelin is formed by cells called _____ 2. In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is formed by cells called ____________

1. Oligodendrocytes 2. Schwann cells

Match the description with each functional aspect of the nervous system. 1. Detects stimulus/informs CNS 2. Decides response 3. Response

1. Sensory function 2. Integrative functions 3. Motor Function

1. The effectors of the _____ nervous system are skeletal muscles. 2. The effectors of the ____ nervous system include cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

1. Somatic 2. Autonomic

1. Bundles of myelinated axons form nervous system tissue called _____ 2. Unmyelinated axons, dendrites, neuron cell bodies, and synapses are found within nervous system tissue called _____

1. White matter 2. Gray matter

The sodium-potassium pump transports:

3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell

The brain and the spinal cord make up the _____ nervous system.

Central

Synaptic potentials are due to the opening of:

Chemically-gated ion channels

An action potential generates local currents that cause _____ of the membrane immediately adjacent to the action potential.

Depolarization

Diagram

Diagram

An action potential arriving at the presynaptic axon terminal causes:

Voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open, and calcium ions to diffuse into the synaptic knob

1. Sensory Nerve 2. Motor Nerve 3. Mixed Nerve

1. Afferent fibers, carries information to the CNS 2. Efferent fibers, carries information away from the CNS 3. Carries information to and from the CNS

The muscles and glands whose activities are controlled by nervous activity are called:

Effectors

Decomposition and reuptake of neurotransmitters are two methods used to:

End synaptic transmission

The class of neurotransmitters called neuropeptides include:

Enkephalins and substance P

The fastest impulse conduction would occur in a:

Large-diameter myelinated axon

Describe the effect of acetylcholine on the postsynaptic neuron.

Ligand (chemically)-gated sodium channels open and sodium diffuses into the postsynaptic neuron

What is the role of monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system?

To breakdown neurotransmitter molecules

Summation of EPSPs and IPSPs occurs at the _____ of the neuron.

Trigger zone