Chapters 19 & 40

The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by a. toxins b. microorganisms c. heredity d. materials in the environment

b. microorganisms

humoral immunity is carried out by a. killer T cells b. lymphocytes c. B cells d. viroids

c. B cells

Diseases are caused by a. pathogens b. cigarette smoke c. fungi d. all of the above

d. all of the above

How are infectious diseases spread? a. through coughing, sneezing, or physical contact b. through contaminated water and food c. by infected animals d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Regular exercise helps maintain health by a. moving blood through the body b. maintaining cardiovascular fitness c. helping to maintain weight d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following describes a role of bacteria in the environment? a. carrying out photosynthesis b. recycling nutrients c. fixing nitrogen d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots are called a. endospores b. flagella c. photoautotrophs d. decomposers

d. decomposers

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a a. cell wall b. cell membrane c. definite shape d. nucleus

d. nucleus

Binary fission occurs when a bacterium a. exchanges genetic information with another cell b. forms an endospore to survive harsh conditions c. forms a hollow bridge to another bacterial cell d. replicates its DNA and divides in half

d. replicates its DNA and divides in half

Which of the following is NOT true about prions? a. They are particles composed only of protein b. They are single-stranded RNA molecules with no capsid c. They can cause disease in humans d. They contain no RNA or DNA

b. They are single-stranded RNA molecules with no capsid

Bacteriophages infect a. other viruses b. bacteria only c. any available host cell d. cells undergoing lytic cycle

b. bacteria only

Asthma is an example of a. the immune system's attacking its own body cells b. the immune system's overreacting to an antigen c. an autoimmune disease d. cancer

b. the immune system's overreacting to an antigen

Unlike in passive immunity, in active immunity antibodies are produced by a. the mother of an infant b. your won body c. other animals d. an autoimmune disease

b. your own body

How can you prevent the spread of Lyme disease a. Wash your hands frequently b. Avoid sexual contact c. Avoid areas where ticks may be present d. Cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough

c. Avoid areas where ticks may be present

The inflammatory response can cause a. permanent immunity b. Avoid sexual contact c. Avoid areas where ticks may be present d. Cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough

c. Avoid areas where ticks may be present

Compounds that kill bacterial cells without harming the cells of humans or other animals are called a. antiviral drugs b. insecticides c. antibiotics d. carcinogens

c. antibiotics

An immune response is triggered by a(an) a. antibiotic b. antibody c. antigen d. histamine

c. antigen

Spherical prokaryotes are called a. spirilla b. flagella c. cocci d. bacili

c. cocci

A benign tumor is one that a. is cancerous b. is malignant c. does not spread to other parts of the body d. does not divide uncontrollably

c. does not spread to other parts of the body

HIV weakens the immune system by killing a. antibodies b. B cells c. helper T cells d. killer T cells

c. helper T cells

Cancer can be caused by a. bacteria b. asthma c. radiation d. allergies

c. radiation

Which of the following statements is NOT true about archaebacteria? a. They are thought to be ancestors of eukaryotes b. Many live in harsh environments. c. They lack peptidoglycan in their cell wall d. They make up the largest kingdom of prokaryotes

d. They make up the largest kingdom of prokaryotes

Which of the following is a disease caused by a virus? a. AIDS b. strep throat c. tooth decay d. tetanus

a. AIDS

What is the basic structure of a virus? a. DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat b. a capsid surrounded by a protein coat c. a tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers d. a tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall

a. DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

Autoimmune diseases result when the immune system a. fails to distinguish self from nonself b. overreacts to certain antigens c. is weakened by asthma d. all of the above

a. fails to distinguish self from nonself

Cancer cells affect other cells in the body by a. replicating inside the cells of the immune system b. prevent the body from producing antibodies against HIV c. causing the body to have asthma attacks d. strengthening the immune system

a. replicating inside the cells of the immune system

Cancer cells affect other cells in the body by a. taking in nutrients needed by other cells b. increasing nerve connections c. forming benign tumors throughout the body d. all of the above

a. taking in nutrients needed by other cells

The body's most important nonspecific defense is a. the skin b. cell-mediated immunity c. the inflammatory response d. permanent immunity

a. the skin

When treated with Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria appear a. violet b. pink c. yellow d. bacili

a. violet

The body's nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include a. antibiotics b. mucus, sweat, and tears c. antibodies d. killer T cells

b. mucus, sweat, and tears

The sneezing, runny noce, and itchy eyes associated with allergies are caused when a. smooth muscles reduce the size of air passageways in the lungs b. the immune system attacks the body's own cells c. mast cells release histamines d. infected cells produce interferon

c. mast cells release histamines

An example of an autoimmune disease is a. asthma b. allergies c. multiple sclerosis d. strep throat

c. multiple sclerosis

Viruses that contain RNA as their genetic information are called a. prophages b. bacteriophages c. retroviruses d. capsids

c. retroviruses

All of the following are ways that HIV can be spread EXCEPT a. sharing needles for intravenous drug use b. tending to another person's bleeding wound when you have a cute on your hand c. using another person's hairbrush d. engaging in sexual activity

c. using another person's hairbrush

A method called Gram staining is used to tell a. what shape a prokaryote has b. how a prokaryote obtains energy c. what kind of cell wall a prokaryote has d. whether a prokaryote has flagella

c. what kind of cell wall a prokaryote has