Chapters 32-34 and 42

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving combination chemotherapy. The patient asks why she has to take more than one agent. What is the nurse's best response? A. "It has better response rates than single-agent chemotherapy" B. "It has fewer side effects than when given alone" C. "It is always more effective than surgery or radiation" D. "Survival rates are always better"

A "It has better response rates than single-agent chemotherapy"

The patient presents to his health care provider's office with complaints of severe rash and itching after a hunting trip. He has been diagnosed with contact dermatitis from poison ivy. What antipruritic agent(s) can be utilized for this patient? Select all that apply. A. Tramcinolone (Aristocort) B. Dexamethasone (Decodron) C. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) D. Fluconazole (Diflucan) E. Salicylic acid (Sebulex)

A, B, C

What special preparation and administration guideline(s) will the nurse follow with erythropietin-stimulating agents? Select all that apply. A. Discard unused portions from the single-dose vial B. Evaluate hemoglobin prior to administration and on a weekly basis C. Multidose vials must be disposed of after 21 days of initial access D. Prevent exposure to light when using Aranesp E. Warm vial to room temperature between doses

A, B, C, D

What is priority health teaching information for a 64-year-old patient who has hairy cell leukemia that is being treated with interferon alpha (Roferon-A) and her significant others? Select all that apply. A. Any unusual weight loss should be reported B. Information on the effect of BRM-related fatigue on activities of daily living, including sexual activity. C. She may return for another demonstration of drug administration techniques. D. Side effects from a BRM disappear within 24-48 hours after discontinuation of therapy. E. Somnolence, confusion, or problems with concentration should be reported to the health care provider.

A, B, C, E

The school nurse prepares a program for junior high school students on sun safety. What is important information to include? Select all that apply. A. Sunscreen products should contain information about ultraviolet A and B sun protection that includes the sun protection factor B. Ultraviolet B radiation is greatest between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. C. Clouds block radiation, so sunscreen is not needed on cloudy days D. The sun protection factor should be at least 15 in sun-screen products E. Sunscreen is to be applied once daily

A, B, D

What is/are the primary function(s) of biologic response modifiers (BRM's)? Select all that apply. A. To destroy tumor activities B. To enhance host immunologic function C. To improve liver functioning D. To promote differentiation of stem cells E. To replicate red blood cells

A, B, D

What priority information should be provided to the patient taking tetracycline for acne? Select all that apply. A. Alert the health care provider if pregnant or possibly pregnant B. Avoid the use of harsh cleansers C. Eat a high-fiber diet D. It should not be used with isotretinoin E. Use a sunscreen with SPF 2

A, B, D

Which nursing outcome(s) would be most appropriate as part of the planning for a patient scheduled to begin treatment with imatinib (a TKI)? Select all that apply. A. Patient will maintain adequate mutrition and hydration status B. Patient will maintain blood counts in the desired range C. Patient will maintain cardiac output D. Patient will maintain renal function E. Patient will maintain weight

A, B, D, E

A nurse is teaching a patient who will receive chemotherapy that will cause thrombocytopenia. Which instructions will the nurse include in the patient's teaching plan? (select all that apply) A. Use an electric razor when shaving B. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush C. Use aspirin for pain or headache D. Monitor oral temperature daily E. Ropart any bleeding (gums, petechiae, bruises, hematuria, melena) to the health care provider

A, B, E

A male patient is to begin therapy with isotretinoin and asks, "What do i have to remember to do while taking this medicine?" What is the nurse's best response? Select all that apply. A. Avoid sunlight B. Monitor your weight C. Keep appointments for laboratory tests D. Use two forms of contraceptives E. Always take the drug with food

A, C, D

A patient is scheduled to receive a plant alkaloid, vincristine, as part of her treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. She reports that she likes to "rely on nature" for complementary therapy. Which herbal/supplement(s) should be avoided by this patient? (Select all that apply) A. Bromelain B. Daily multivitamin C. Periwinkle D. Sheng-Mai-San E. Valerian

A, C, D

The 18-year-old patient has acne. Which type(s) of drugs is/are used to treat this condition? Select all that apply. A. Antibiotics B. Antifungals C. Glucocorticoids D. Kertolytics E. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories F. T-cell antagonists

A, C, D

What dermatologic effect(s) should the nurse assess for in a patient taking interferon alpha? Select all that apply. A. Alopecia B. Bruising C. irritation at injection site D. Pruritus E. Rash

A, C, D, E

Which nursing outcome(s) would be most appropriate as part of the planning for a patient about to begin therapy with the oral multikinase inhibitor (MKI) sorafenib? Select all that apply. A. Patient will be free from symptoms of stomatitis B. Patient will be free from dizziness C. Patient will maintain skin integrity D. Patient will maintain weight

A, C, D, E

A patient is experiencing mucositis (stomatitis) after receiving chemotherapy. Which symptomatic treatments will be appropriate? (select all that apply) A. frequent mouth rinses B. Antiemetics C. Topical anesthetics D. Stress reduction E. Antibiotics

A, C, E

What drug(s) is/are known to cause alopecia? Select all that apply. A. Antineoplastic agents B. Antiarrhythmetics C. Cephalosporins D. Oral contraceptives E. Sulfonamides

A, E

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving fluorouracil (5-FU) to treat pancreatic cancer. Which interventions are included in the nurse's plan of care for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Apply ice to the IV site if the patient reports pain. b. Administer antiemetics when the patient reports nausea. c. Counsel the patient to use waxed dental floss. d. Discourage visits with people who have respiratory infections. e. Offer ice chips frequently. f. Restrict to nothing by mouth during intravenous drug administration.

A,C,E

The 65-year old patient has metastatic cancer. He is scheduled to receive palliative chemotherapy. He states that he does not understand why he should receive palliative chemotherapy if it won't kill the cancer cells. What is the best response? A. "It is done to help improve your quality of life" B. "It is given to limit further growth of the cancer" C. "It is given to slow the growth of the cancer" D. "It will shrink the tumors throughout your body"

A. "It is done to help improve your quality of life"

A 70-year-old patient has hairy cell leukemia that is being treated with interferon alpha (Roferon-A). The patient reports neurological side effects. What will the nurse tell the patient about the side effects? A. "These side effects are reversible after the drug is stopped" B. "These side effects rarely occur" C. "These side effects will diminish as treatment goes on" D. "The worst effect is mild confusion"

A. "These side effects are reversible after the drug is stopped"

The patient has psoriasis and presents to her health care provider for treatment. She states that her "lizard skin" is really embarrassing. The health care provider orders calcipotriene (Dovenex). When the patient asks how this medication will work, what is the nurse's best answer? A. "This medication will help stop the proliferation of cells." B. "It will be very effective against the itching that goes with psoriasis." C. "Calcipotriene will cure psoriasis." D. "It can be used like makeup to cover up the scales."

A. "This medication will help stop the proliferation of cells."

.The client is being treated with clobetasol propionate (Clobex). In scheduling the client's next appointment with the primary care provider, the nurse recognizes that the client's lesions need to be reassessed in _____ weeks. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

A. 2

A 64-year-old patient has hairy cell leukemia that is being treated with interferon alpha (Roferon-A). The patient reports all of the following gastrointestinal side effects. Which side effect is considered the dose-limiting toxicity for the gastrointestinal system? A. Anorexia B. Diarrhea C. Taste alteration D. Xerostomia

A. Anorexia

The patient has a low platelet count secondary to chemotherapy. Which nursing actions would be the most appropriate? A. Apply pressure to injection site and assess for occult bleeding B. Help the patient conserve energy by scheduling care C. Monitor breath sounds and vital signs D. Provide small frequent meals and monitor loss of fluids from diarrhea

A. Apply pressure to injection site and assess for occult bleeding

A patient with breast cancer is scheduled to receive anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor. Which information should be included in the patient teaching? A. Aromatase inhibitors block the peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens B. Aromatase inhibitors are used to treat tumors that are not hormonally sensitive C. Aromatase inhibitors are used only in premenopausal women with breast cancer D. Aromatase inhibitors are used only in postmenopausal women with breast cancer

A. Aromatase inhibitors block the peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens

A patient in the outpatient oncology clinic complains of fatigue after receiving chemotherapy. Which initial nursing intervention will be most appropriate? A. Assess for other factors contributing to her fatigue, such as trouble sleeping B. Encourage a high-protein, high-calorie diet, and design it with the patient. C. Refer the patient to a physical therapist to develop a strenuous exercise program D. encourage the patient to sleep as much as possible during the day to ease fatigue

A. Assess for other factors contributing to her fatigue, such as trouble sleeping

The patient is to receive an alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, as part of her cancer treatment. Which nursing intervention should the nurse expect to complete? A. Assess for signs of hematuria, urinary frequency, or dysuria B. Decrease fluids to reduce the risk of calculus formation C. hydrate the patient with IV fluids only after administration of cyclophosphamide D. Medicate with an antiemetic only after the patient complains of nausea

A. Assess for signs of hematuria, urinary frequency, or dysuria

The patient is starting a course of a BRM while undergoing treatment for malignant melanoma. When is the best time to administer a BRM? A. At bedtime B. 1 hour before meals C. 2 hours after meals D. With meals

A. At bedtime

The patient is receiving G-CSF therapy for treatment of severe chronic neutropenia. What is a priority assessment in this patient? A. Bone pain B. Flu-like syndrome C. Rash D. Urinary retention

A. Bone pain

The patient, 61 years old, is to receive an antitumor antibiotic, doxorubucin, as part of his chemotherapy protocol. Which assessment is the most important before administering the medication? A. Cardiac status B. Liver function C. Lung sounds D. Neurologic status

A. Cardiac status

The patient will be receiving chemotherapy that will lower her white blood cell count. Monitoring for which finding will be a nursing priority? A. Change in temperature B. Evidence of petechiae C. Increase in diarrhea D. Taste changes

A. Change in temperature

Which instruction is important for the nurse to include when teaching a patient about imatinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) therapy? A. Do not drink grapefruit juice while taking this drug B. go immediately to the emergency department if you develop a headache while taking this drug C. This drug will only work for about 2 months before your cancer develops resistance to it D. Be sure to take this drug on an empty stomach, either 1 hour before or at least 3 hours after eating

A. Do not drink grapefruit juice while taking this drug

A patient is being seen regularly for treatment of chronic leukemia. The nurse understands that this patient has been treated with interferon-alfa. What is the primary action of this biologic response modifier? A. Enhancing immune function, producing white blood cells, producing antigen/antibody reaction B. Causing allergic reactions, producing red blood cells, producing interferon C. Immunomodulation, causing cytotoxic/cytostatic effects, differentiating stem cells D. Producing cytokines, producing interleukin, fighting infection

A. Enhancing immune function, producing white blood cells, producing antigen/antibody reaction

A patient has anemia. The nurse reviews the list of medications and is aware that red blood cell production can be stimulated with which drug? A. Epoetin Alfa B. Filgrastim C. Interleukin 2 D. Sargramostim

A. Epoetin Alfa

An oncology patient is to begin treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer with administration of gefitinib (an EGFRI). The nurse notes on his medical record that the patient is also taking warfarin daily for atrial fibrillation. What should concern the nurse about the patient taking gefitinib and warfarin? A. Gefitinib increases the effects of warfarin B. Gefitinib may require a dose increase when taken with warfarin C. Gefitinib is never given to a patient taking anticoagulants D. gefitinib may reach toxic levels when given concurrently with warfarin

A. Gefitinib increases the effects of warfarin

The nurse is preparing to administer chemotherapy, which can cause severe nausea and vomiting, to a patient in the outpatient clinic. Which nursing action would be most appropriate? A. Give an antiemetic before administering the chemotherapy B. Withhold any antiemetic drugs until the patient complains of nausea C. Give an antiemetic only after the patient has vomited D. Offer the patient a glass of ginger ale to prevent nausea

A. Give an antiemetic before administering the chemotherapy

A patient is admitted to the hospital 1 week after receiving imatinib (a TKI). On physical assessment, the nurse notes the presence of petchiae, ecchymoses, and bleeding gums. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate? A. Risk for bleeding B. Risk for falls C. Risk for fatigue D. Risk for infection

A. Risk for bleeding

The nurse is administering an alkylating agent, doxorubicin, to a patient diagnosed with cancer. What should the nurse keep in mind with regard to tissue necrosis associated with this drug? A. Tissue necrosis may occur 3-4 weeks after administration B. Tissue necrosis occurs immediately after administration C. Tissue necrosis occurs 2-4 days after administration D. Tissue necrosis rarely occurs with this drug

A. Tissue necrosis may occur 3-4 weeks after administration

2. A patient is scheduled to receive chemotherapy drugs that will cause myelosuppression. Which action by the nurse will be most important? A. monitor for a change in temperature B. evaluate gastrointestinal function C. Assess for evidence of cardiac compromise D. Question the patient about changes in taste

A. monitor for a change in temperature

A 20-year-old woman comes to the clinic for follow-up related to isotretinoin use. The nurse reviews the iPLEDGE program, which includes what important information? Select all that apply. A. One method of contraception must be used throughout treatment B. A review of iPLEDGE educational materials C. A negative pregnancy test is required before each monthly refill D. Informed consent is not required E. A prescription for a 60-day supply of drug is to be given

B, C

For which condition(s) may GM-CSF be administered to patients? Select all that apply. A. Absolute neutrophil count > 1500/mm3 B. Autologous bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipient C. Allogenic BMT recipient D. 12 hours after high-dose chemotherapy administration E. Kaposi's sarcoma

B, C

A patient is receiving etanercept. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply. A. Drug is administered topically B. Tuberculin test is required before the start of therapy C. Monitor for injection site reaction D. Monitor for seizures E. Monitor for heart failure

B, C, E

Which is/are common cause(s) of contact dermatitis? Select all that apply. A. Anesthetics B. Cosmetics C. Dyes D. Peanuts E. Sumac

B, C, E

The nurse reviews the patient's medication history. Based on the patient's prolonged use of topical corticosteriods, what could the nursing assessment include? Select all that apply. A. Weight gain B. Thinning of the skin C. Erythematous lesions D. Purpura E. Urinary retention

B, D

A patient is being discharged after receiving IV chemotherapy. Which statement made by the patient indicates a need for additional teaching? A. "Chemotherapy is excreted in my bodily fluids" B. "I will not need to know how to check my temperature" C. "My spouse should wear gloves when emptying my urinal" D. "The chemotherapy will remain in my body for 2-3 days"

B. "I will not need to know how to check my temperature"

The patient has psoriasis and is going to be started on a course of infliximab (Remicade). What does the nurse tell the patient about the dosing regimen he will be following? A. "Infliximab is a gel that you will use after bathing." B. "Infliximab is a medication that is administered by IV at prescribed intervals." C. "You will be able to give yourself an injection once per week." D. "This is an oral medicine that you will be on for the rest of your life."

B. "Infliximab is a medication that is administered by IV at prescribed intervals."

Psoriasis affects what percentage of the population in the United States? A. Less than 1% B. 2% to 4% C. 5% to 7% D. 8% to 10%

B. 2% to 4%

The patient has been prescribed tetracycline for acne. What is the standard dose? A. 125-250 mg b.i.d. B. 250-500 mg b.i.d. C. 500-750 mg b.i.d. D. 750-100 mg b.i.d.

B. 250-500 mg b.i.d.

The nurse is reviewing a patient's list of medications. The patient asks. "What do kerolytic agents remove?" What is the nurse's best response? A. A horny layer of lermis B. A horny layer of epidermis C. Erythematous lesions D. Hair follicles

B. A horny layer of epidermis

A patient is to receive a chemotherapy protocol that includes an alkylating agent, an antimetabolite, and an antitumor antibiotic. The patient asks the nurse why so much chemotherapy is needed. What is the nurse's best responses? A. a protocol that uses a combination of chemotherapeutic agents works in the S phase to kill cells. B. Combination chemotherapy increases the extent of tumor cell killing. C. Combination chemotherapy uses drugs that work the same way. D. An outcome of the use of combination chemotherapy is that it has no dose-limiting toxicities.

B. Combination chemotherapy increases the extent of tumor cell killing.

The nurse is caring for a patient who arrives at the outpatient office for a scheduled dose of an erythropeitin-stimulating agent to be administered. The patient arrives with the following laboratory values noted on the chart: hemoglobin, 12.8 mg/dL; platelet count, 148,000/mm2; white blood cell count, 4800/mm2. Which action is most appropriate for the nurse to implement? A. Discuss with the health care provider the potential need for a colony-stimulating factor such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor based on the laboratory results B. Contact the health care provider to discuss the laboratory results and a possible discontinuation of the ordered erythropietin-stimulating agent C. After comparing the patient's laboratory results with the previous results, discuss the laboratory values with the health care provider to determine whether a colony-stimulating factor such as interleukin 2 should be given D. Discuss with the health care provider the potential need for more laboratory tests prior to administration of the erythropietin-stimulating agent

B. Contact the health care provider to discuss the laboratory results and a possible discontinuation of the ordered erythropietin-stimulating agent

Gefitinib (an EGFRI) most frequently causes which side/adverse effect? A. Hypocalcemia B. Diarrhea C. Myelosuppression D. Seizures

B. Diarrhea

A patient is scheduled to receive high-dose cyclophosphamide, an alkalating agent, via an intravenous infusion as treatment for cancer. Which will be most important for the nurse to include when teaching the patient about cyclophosphamide? A. An indwelling urinary catheter will be placed. B. Drink at least 2 L of fluid per day C. Empty the bladder every 4 to 6 hours D. Limit fluid intake during chemotherapy

B. Drink at least 2 L of fluid per day

A patient is being treated with interferon alpha (Roferon-A) for chronic myelogenous leukemia. What is the dose-limiting side effect? A. chills B. Fatigue C. Fever D. Malaise

B. Fatigue

The nurse is caring for a patient who has previously received a biologic response modifier as a subcutaneous injection. The patient will now be receiving a drug that is not often used in clinical practice because of its serious side effects and must be administered by intravenous infusion. Which drug meets this criterion? A. Epoetin Alfa B. Interleukin 2 C. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor D. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

B. Interleukin 2

A patient in the outpatient oncology clinic is receiving sunitinib (a multikinase inhibitor) as part of his treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The health care provider prescribes ketoconazole to treat a fungal infection. What should concern the nurse about taking theses medication concurrently? A. Ketoconazole may decreases the effectiveness sunitinib. B. Ketoconazole may potentiate sunitinib inhibitors. C. Sunitinib may decrease the effectiveness of ketoconazole. D. Sunitinib may lead to toxic levels of ketoconazole

B. Ketoconazole may potentiate sunitinib inhibitors.

One week ago in the outpatient oncology clinic, a client received his first cycle of chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and fluorouracil (5-FU; Adrucil) (CAF). He returns to the clinic today for follow-up. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate at this time? A. Culture the IV site and send a specimen to the laboratory for analysis B. Monitor blood counts and laboratory values C. Offer analgesics for pain and evaluate effectiveness D. Teach the patient about good skin cancer

B. Monitor blood counts and laboratory values

Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors? A. risk for thrombocytopenia related to bone marrow suppression and neutropenia B. Risk for impaired integrity related to skin side effects C. risk for injury related to reduced platelet activity D. disturbed body image related to alopecia

B. Risk for impaired integrity related to skin side effects

A patient receiving a targeted therapy asks the nurse why St. John's wort must be avoided. What is the nurse's best response? A. This herbal drug increases blood levels most targeted therapies and increase the risk for severe side effects or adverse reactions B. This herbal drug decreases blood levels of most targeted therapies and reduces their effectiveness C. Targeted therapies increase blood levels of St. John's wort, increasing the risk of an overdose of this herbal agent D. Targeted therapies bind with St. John's wort in the intestinal tract, preventing absorption of both the drug and the herbal agent

B. This herbal drug decreases blood levels of most targeted therapies and reduces their effectiveness

The 70-year-old patient is to receive an alkalating agent, cyclophosphamide, for treatment of his lymphoma. His medical history is also positive for atrial fibrillation, arthritis, and cataracts. He takes digoxin 0.125 mg daily and naproxen 500 mg at bedtime. What should the nurse be aware of when giving these medications? A. cyclophosphamide increases digoxin levels B. cyclophosphamide decreases digoxin levels C. Digoxin increases cyclophosphamide levels D. These drugs cannot be given together

B. cyclophosphamide decreases digoxin levels

The nurse is teaching the patient about clobetasol, the medication to be started today. What information needs to be included in the teaching session? Select all that apply. A. Appropriate treatment is for 6 months' duration B. It can be applied as a lotion to all body parts C. Clobetasol is a super-high-potency corticosteroid D. Maximum dose is 50 g/week E. Occlusive dressing speeds healing

C, D

A patient in the outpatient oncology clinic has developed mucositis secondary to cancer therapy. Which statement made by the patient would indicate that she needs additional teaching about mucositis? A. "I will rinse my mouth out frequently with normal saline" B. "I will try using ice pops or ice chips to help relieve mouth pain" C. "I will use a mouthwash that has an alcohol base" D. "I will use a soft toothbrush"

C. "I will use a mouthwash that has an alcohol base"

A patient is to receive an antimetabolite, fluorouracil (5-FU), as part of a treatment protocol for colon cancer. When teaching the patient about his drug, what should the nurse say concerning when the nadir usually occurs in the blood counts? A. 1-4 days after administration B. 5-9 days after administration C. 10-14 days after administration D. 15-19 days after administration

C. 10-14 days after administration

The nurse administering IV antimetabolite, fluorouracil (5-FU), to a patient in the outpatient oncology clinic. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate? A. 5-FU is vesicant, so assess for tissue necrosis at the IV site B. Apply heat toe the IV site if extravasation occurs C. Assess for hyperpigmentation along the vein in which the drug is given D. Encourage mouth rinses once every 8 hours during chemotherapy

C. Assess for hyperpigmentation along the vein in which the drug is given

The nurse is caring for a patient with colorectal cancer who is to receive fluorouracil, an antimetabolite. Which symptom will be most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider? A. Nausea B. Decreased appetite C. Bleeding gums D. Constipation

C. Bleeding gums

A patient diagnosed with cancer is scheduled to receive the plant alkaloid, vincristine. Which nursing assessment will have the highest priority when providing care for this patient? A. Degree of alopecia B. Increased Digoxin levels C. Decreased phenytoin levels D. Peripheral neuropathy

C. Decreased phenytoin levels

The patient, 69 years old, is receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate for the treatment of prostate cancer. During morning rounds, the patient complains of feeling short of breath. Physical assessment reveals crackles in both lungs. What is the most likely cause of this clinical manifestation? A. Anxiety B. Cyclophosphamide C. Doxorubucin D. Methotrexate

C. Doxorubucin

A patient diagnosed with malignant melanoma, a skin cancer, is treated with interferon alfa-2a. The nurse teaches this patient about which side effect that will make the patient uncomfortable? A. Increase in white blood cells B. Increase in red blood cells C. Flu-like symptoms D. Gastrointestinal symptoms

C. Flu-like symptoms

A patient in the outpatient oncology clinic has developed mucositis after receiving fluorouracil an antimetabolite. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching about mucositis? A. I will frequently rinse out my mouth with normal saline B. To relieve my mouth pain, i will use ice pops or ice chips C. I will use mouthwash with alcohol to clean my mouth D. Using a soft toothbrush will clean my teeth and freshen my breath

C. I will use mouthwash with alcohol to clean my mouth

A patient is beginning therapy with the epidermal growth factor/receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) erlotinib for NSCLC. Which is the most important status for the nurse to assess before beginning therapy with this targeted agent? A. Cardiac status B. Liver function C. Lung sounds D. Mental status

C. Lung sounds

The patient has male pattern baldness. What medication can be utilized to treat male pattern baldness? A. Acitretin B. Methotrexate C. Minoxidil D. Tretinoin

C. Minoxidil

A nurse is monitoring several patients undergoing chemotherapy. Which of the following classes of targeted therapy would cause the nurse the most concern in regard to a possible infusion reaction? A. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors B. Multikinase inhibitors C. Monoclonal antibodies D. Proteasome inhibitors

C. Monoclonal antibodies

Which nursing outcome would be most appropriate as part of the planning for a patient scheduled to receive an alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide? A. Patient will be free from symptoms of stomatitis B. Patient will maintain cardiac output C. Patient will show no signs of hemorrhagic cystitis D. Patient will show no signs of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

C. Patient will show no signs of hemorrhagic cystitis

A nurse is administering an antitumor antibiotic, doxorubucin, to a patient in the outpatient oncology clinic. Which information would be most important for the nurse to include in patient teaching? A. Blood counts will most likely remain normal B. Complete alopecia rarely occurs with this drug C. Report any shortness of breath, palpitations, or edema to the health care provider D. Tissue necrosis usually occurs 2 to 3 days after administration

C. Report any shortness of breath, palpitations, or edema to the health care provider

The nurse is administering an alkylating agent, doxorubicin, to a patient in the outpatient oncology clinic. What is priority information to include in the patient teaching? A. Blood counts will most likely remain normal B. Complete alopecia rarely occurs with this drug C. Report any shortness of breath, palpitations, or edema to your health care provider D. Tissue necrosis usually occurs 2-3 days after administration

C. Report any shortness of breath, palpitations, or edema to your health care provider

A patient receiving an cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil has experienced severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea over the past week. He has lost 5.5 pounds. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate? A. knowledge deficit related to chemotherapeutic regimen B. Pain secondary to diarrhea C. Risk for altered nutrition D. Risk for infection secondary to low WBC counts

C. Risk for altered nutrition

A patient is admitted to the hospital 1 week after receiving teniposide in the outpatient oncology clinic. On physical assessment, the nurse notes the presence of petechiae, ecchymoses, and bleeding on the toothbrush when the patient brushes his teeth. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate? A. Risk for fatigue B. Risk for infection C. Risk for bleeding D. Risk for falls

C. Risk for bleeding

A patient has reached the nadir of his blood counts secondary to chemotherapy. Which nursing diagnosis is the most appropriate? A. Risk for cardiac failure B. Risk for dehydration C. Risk for infection D. Risk for malnutrition

C. Risk for infection

A patient presents with neutropenia secondary to cancer therapy. Which nursing diagnosis would be the most appropriate? A. Risk for cardiac failure B. Risk for dehydration C. Risk for infection D. Risk for malnutrition

C. Risk for infection

A patient is receiving chemotherapy and asks the nurse about side effects. What should the nurse know concerning the side effects of chemotherapy? A. Side effects are minimal because chemotherapy drugs are highly selective B. Side effects usually only occur during the first cycle of treatment C. Side effects are caused by toxicities to normal cells D. Side effects of chemotherapy are usually permanent

C. Side effects are caused by toxicities to normal cells

What is the rationale for administering bevacizumab (a VEGFR) in a patient with metastatic colon cancer? A. To enhance the patient's immune system B. to increase apoptosis C. To inhibit formation of blood supply D. To modulate an inflammatory response

C. To inhibit formation of blood supply

Which action is most important for the nurse to teach a patient taking the monoclonal antibodies, tositumomab? A. Avoid drinking alcohol for 1 week after receiving this drug B. Avoid smoking cigarettes for the entire treatment period C. Use a separate bathroom and sit while urinating for 1 week after receiving this drug D. Be sure to take this drug on an empty stomach, either 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating

C. Use a separate bathroom and sit while urinating for 1 week after receiving this drug

A patient taking imatinib (a TKI) voices concern about gaining 5 pounds in the past week. The nurse explains, knowing that: A. weight gain is an expected side effect of this drug because it increases the appetite B. Weight gain is an indication of slow metabolism and possible hypothyroidism C. Weight gain is an indication of water retention and possible renal impairment D. weight gain is an indication of a drug interaction between imatinib and loop diuretics

C. Weight gain is an indication of water retention and possible renal impairment

The nurse is teaching a patient about an alkylating agent, doxorubicin, which she will receive as part of her treatment for breast cancer. Which statement made by the patient indicates that she needs additional teaching? A. "Doxorubicin is a severe vesicant" B. "My blood counts will be checked" C. "My cardiac status will be closely monitored" D. "This drug may turn my urine blue"

D. "This drug may turn my urine blue"

The client is being treated with etretinate (Tegison, Soriatane). She has been using the medication for 6 weeks and is concerned because she has not seen an improvement in her symptoms. The most accurate response from the nurse is that it may be _____ months for the client to notice an improvement in her symptoms. A. 2 B. 8 C. 4 D. 6

D. 6

A 55-year-old man is concerned about hair loss. The nurse expects that the patient's baldness may be treated with which of the following drugs? A. Dexamethasone B. Para-aminobenzoic acid C. Mupirocin D. Finasteride

D. Finasteride

the nurse is teaching a community group about factors that influence the development of cancer in humans. Which information will the nurse include in this teaching? A. Aflatoxin is associated with cancer of the lungs B. Benzene is associated with cancer of the tongue C. Epstein-Barr virus is associated with cancer of the stomach D. Human Papillomavirus is associated with cancer of the cervix

D. Human Papillomavirus is associated with cancer of the cervix

The patient has diarrhea secondary to chemotherapy. What important information should be included in patient teaching about chemotherapy-related diarrhea? A. Eat only very hot or very cold foods B. Increase intake of fresh fruits and vegetables C. Increase intake of high-fiber foods D. Limit caffeine intake

D. Limit caffeine intake

The patient is in the outpatient oncology clinic for treatment of her colon cancer. She is receiving an antimetabolite, fluorouracil (5-FU), as part of her treatment and has recently been started on metronidazole for treatment of trichomaniasis. What should concern the nurse about this order? A. 5-FU may decrease the effectiveness of metronidazole B. 5-FU cannot be given with metronidazole C. Metronidazole may increase the side effects of 5-FU D. Metronidazole may increase 5-FU toxicity

D. Metronidazole may increase 5-FU toxicity

The nurse is doing health teaching with a patient with psoriasis. Which is a priority nursing implication of a biologic agent such as infliximab for the management of psoriasis? A. Monitor weight daily B. Monitor electrolytes C. Monitor urine output D. Monitor complete blood count

D. Monitor complete blood count

A patient lives 120 miles from her oncologist's medical office and relies on her working son for transportation to and from the doctor's office. In developing a plan of care for the patient, the nurse understands that the order for pegfilgrastim was prescribed for what reason? A. Pegfilgrastim is eliminated via the kidneys B. Pegfilgrastim is a pegylated filgrastim C. Pegfilgrastim is not easily eliminated from the body D. Pegfilgrastim requires injection once per chemotherapy cycle

D. Pegfilgrastim requires injection once per chemotherapy cycle

What is a major side effect of tetracycline? A. Cardiac arrhythmias B. Glucose intolerance C. Hemorrhagic shock D. Photosensitivity

D. Photosensitivity

The nurse is teaching a 29-year old patient about an alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, which will be given as part of her treatment protocol for cancer. Which priority information should be included in the teaching? A. Hair loss has never been reported with the use of cyclophosphamide B. Menstrual irregularities and sterility are not expected with this drug C. No special isolation procedures are needed when receiving this chemotherapy D. Pregnancy should be prevented during treatment with cyclophosphamide

D. Pregnancy should be prevented during treatment with cyclophosphamide

A patient is receiving GM-CSF therapy. Which system will the nurse focus attention on, both during and after these infusions? A. Cardiac system B. Central nervous system C. Musculoskeletal system D. Respiratory system

D. Respiratory system

A patient is scheduled to receive a plant alkaloid, vincristine, as part of treatment for cancer. The medication record for the patient indicates that he is receiving phenytoin to control a seizure disorder. What should the nurse monitor for in this patient? A. Headaches B. Increased blood pressure C. Renal failure D. Seizures

D. Seizures

The patient, 3 years old, Is sent home from daycare with a large sore at the corner of his nostril. He has been diagnosed with impetigo. What is a causative agent? A. Herpes simplex virus B. Klebsiella pneumoniae C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae D. Staphylococcus aureus

D. Staphylococcus aureus

During the first dose of trastuzumab (Herceptin), the client complains of shortness of breath and pruritis. What is the best action by the nurse? A. decrease the infusion rate by 50% and notify the health care provider B. Disconnect the IV and attach a 0.22-micron filter C. review the pretreatment multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan D. Stop the infusion and manage the reaction

D. Stop the infusion and manage the reaction

Which activity has a higher priority for the nurse to advise the patient to avoid while taking ixazomib? A. Drinking alcoholic beverages B. Taking aspirin or aspirin-containing drugs C. socializing in crowds or with persons who are ill D. Taking the drug 1 hour before or 2 hours after food

D. Taking the drug 1 hour before or 2 hours after food

The nurse is preparing IV vinblastin, bleomycin, and cisplatin, for administration to a patient on the nursing unit. Which precaution should the nurse take when hanging IV chemotherapy? A. Wear a clean cotton gown B. Wear shoe covers C. Wear a hair net D. Wear powder-free gloves

D. Wear powder-free gloves

A patient taking the multikinase inhibitor, sunitinib, reports that the skin on her hands and feet is red, painful, and has some blisters. What is the nurse's best action? A. The only action needed is to document the finding because this is a mild side effect B. advise the patient to wear gloves and mittens when going outdoors in cold weather C. advise the patient to avoid getting her hands wet and touching food D. notify the oncologist to determine if a dosage reduction is needed

D. notify the oncologist to determine if a dosage reduction is needed

A patient undergoing chemotherapy of breast cancer asks why she is not receiving trastuzumab like her sister. What is the nurse's best response? A. your breast cancer cells are estrogen-receptor positive, and targeted therapy is not needed B. you are much older than your sister and would not tolerate the treatment well C. the drug is expensive, and your insurance does not cover it D. your cancer cells do not have the target for trastuzumab

D. your cancer cells do not have the target for trastuzumab

A patient who has cancer will begin treatment with a colony-stimulating factor. The patient verbalizes understanding of this drug's action with which statement? a. "This drug allows higher doses of chemotherapy." b. "This drug has antitumor activity." c. "This drug has cytotoxic effects." d. "This drug has antiviral effects."

a. "This drug allows higher doses of chemotherapy."

A patient who is about to begin chemotherapy asks the nurse when the risk of infection is highest. The nurse will tell the patient that infection risk is greatest at which point? a. A week to 10 days after each chemotherapy dose b. During the week immediately after chemotherapy c. Immediately prior to each dose of chemotherapy d. When the patient's temperature is elevated by 1° F

a. A week to 10 days after each chemotherapy dose

Prior to administration of interferon alpha, the nurse will administer which medications? a. Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine b. Heparin and meperidine c. Lorazepam and furosemide d. Narcotic analgesics and loratadine

a. Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine

A patient is receiving interferon alpha (Roferon-A) subcutaneously. The patient experiences chills, fatigue, and malaise, and the nurse assesses a temperature of 102° F. The nurse will notify the provider of the temperature and will anticipate which order? a. Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol). b. Change to intravenous interferon alpha. c. Give diphenhydramine (Benadryl). d. Obtain a serum BUN and creatinine level.

a. Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol).

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving vincristine (Oncovin), a plant alkaloid chemotherapeutic agent, to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The nurse observes that the patient has difficulty walking. What action will the nurse take? a. Ask about numbness or tingling in the fingers and toes. b. Assess heart rate and blood pressure to evaluate for orthostatic hypotension. c. Assess the temperature to evaluate for infection. d. Request an order for a complete blood count and electrolytes.

a. Ask about numbness or tingling in the fingers and toes.

The nurse is preparing to give sargramostim to a patient who has acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The nurse assesses a heart rate of 78 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg. The patient reports shortness of breath and has a cough and bilateral crackles. What will the nurse do next? a. Contact the provider; discuss giving a lower dose. b. Contact the pharmacist; request a bronchodilator. c. Contact the pharmacist; request an order for furosemide. d. Contact the provider; suggest administration of antibiotics.

a. Contact the provider; discuss giving a lower dose.

The nurse is preparing to administer intravenous monoclonal antibodies to a patient who has cancer. What is an important nursing action for this patient? a. Having resuscitation equipment readily available b. Monitoring the patient's renal function during the infusion c. Observing the patient closely for development of a rash d. Performing careful intake and output

a. Having resuscitation equipment readily available

A patient who is taking the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib (Sutent) calls to report red, painful, and swollen palms and soles of feet. The nurse will perform which action? a. Notify the patient's provider of this adverse reaction. b. Reassure the patient that these are common side effects. c. Recommend taking acetaminophen for discomfort. d. Suggest taking diphenhydramine to help with the swelling.

a. Notify the patient's provider of this adverse reaction.

A patient has been receiving an erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) for 8 weeks. The nurse reviews the patient's chart and notes no increase in hemoglobin levels from 8 g/dL on week 3 of therapy. The nurse will request an order for a. a complete blood count and serum iron levels. b. an increased dose of the erythropoietin-stimulating agent. c. more frequent dosing of the ESA. d. packed red blood cell infusions.

a. a complete blood count and serum iron levels.

Photosensitivity is a major complication of tetracycline (Sumycin). In providing client teaching, the nurse should suggest that the client ________ while on the medication. a. avoid direct sunlight b. wear a hat and long sleeves in the sun c. use a tanning bed only with supervision d. use a suntan lotion with a high SPF

a. avoid direct sunlight

Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is used for the treatment of second- and third-degree burns. The highest priority nursing intervention related to this drug is to monitor for: a. crystalluria. b. dehydration. c. headaches. d. hypertension.

a. crystalluria.

The client has been placed on tetracycline (Sumycin) for acne control. In planning a dosage schedule, the nurse anticipates that the client will be taking: a. low doses over a period of months. b. low doses for 3 to 4 weeks. c. high doses for 10 days to 2 weeks. d. high doses for at least 1 year.

a. low doses over a period of months.

A patient who has breast cancer tells the nurse that a cousin who had breast cancer received trastuzamab (Herceptin) and wonders why this drug is not given to her. The nurse will explain that her cancer cells do not have a. significant HER2 receptors. b. epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase. c. the BRCA1 suppressor gene. d. VGEF proteins.

a. significant HER2 receptors.

A patient who has cancer is about to begin chemotherapy. The patient asks the nurse why two chemotherapeutic agents are being used instead of just one. Which response by the nurse is correct? a. "The drugs may be given in less toxic doses if two drugs are used." b. "Two agents used together can have synergistic effects." c. "Use of two drugs will increase tumorcidal activity in the G0 phase of the cell." d. "Using two agents will shorten the length of time chemotherapy is needed."

b. "Two agents used together can have synergistic effects."

A patient is receiving the antitumor antibiotic doxorubicin (Adriamycin) to treat lung cancer. The patient is experiencing shortness of breath and palpitations. The nurse is concerned that the patient has developed which condition? a. Anemia b. Cardiotoxicity c. Hypersensitivity d. Pulmonary infection

b. Cardiotoxicity

Contact dermatitis may be caused by chemical or plant irritation. What nonpharmacologic measure may aid in alleviating the problem? a. Determining causative agent b. Cleansing the skin area immediately c. Wearing protective gloves or clothing d. Applying a sterile dressing over the involved area

b. Cleansing the skin area immediately

A patient who is receiving cancer chemotherapy has been ordered to receive epoetin alfa (Procrit) 150 units/kg 3 times weekly. The nurse reviews the patient's chart and notes a hemoglobin level of 10.1 g/dL. The nurse will perform which action? a. Administer the medication as ordered. b. Hold the dose and notify the provider. c. Reduce the dose by 25%. d. Request an order for an increased dose.

b. Hold the dose and notify the provider.

A client is ordered to receive isotretinoin. What is a priority diagnostic test for the nurse to complete before beginning therapy? a. Blood glucose level b. Pregnancy test c. Serum electrolytes d. Complete blood count

b. Pregnancy test

Upon assessment of the burned client, the nurse notes that the client is exhibiting mottled, blistered skin and is complaining of intense pain. These findings are congruent with which degree of burn injury? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth

b. Second

A patient with cancer is receiving pegfilgrastim (Neulasta). The patient reports bone pain, which the nurse recognizes as a. a sign of cancer metastasis. b. an indication of expansion of bone marrow. c. caused by osteomyelitis. d. worsening neutropenia.

b. an indication of expansion of bone marrow.

The nurse performs a medication history on a patient who will begin targeted therapy for cancer with gefitinib (Iressa). The nurse learns that the patient is taking carbamazepine, a histamine2 blocker, and warfarin. The nurse will anticipate that the provider will make which change to the medication regimen? a. decrease the gefitinib dose. b. decrease the warfarin dose. c. increase the histamine2 blocker dose. d. increase the carbamazepine dose.

b. decrease the warfarin dose.

The nurse is teaching a patient who will take oral cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "I should follow a diet high in organ meats and beans while taking this drug." b. "I should brush my teeth and gums vigorously twice daily." c. "I should report any low-grade temperature elevation immediately." d. "I should take the drug at bedtime to minimize side effects."

c. "I should report any low-grade temperature elevation immediately."

The nurse is teaching a young adult patient who will begin receiving interferon. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "I may have a low-grade fever while taking this medication." b. "I may have serious cardiovascular side effects because of this drug." c. "I should take antiemetics prior to each dose of this medication." d. "I may need to avoid people who are sick while I'm taking this drug."

c. "I should take antiemetics prior to each dose of this medication."

Methoxsalen (Oxsoralen) is a drug used for the treatment of psoriasis. Clients using this agent should not be in direct sunlight for which reason? a. Skin could become lightened or blanched. b. Psoriasis would spread. c. Exposed skin would burn or blister. d. Skin would become sensitive to light.

c. Exposed skin would burn or blister.

A patient is receiving the erythropoietin-stimulating agent epoietin alfa (Procrit). Which assessment finding would cause the nurse to notify the patient's provider? a. Blood pressure of 90/65 mm Hg b. Headache and nausea c. Hemoglobin > 12 g/dL d. Infiltration of the IV

c. Hemoglobin > 12 g/dL

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving a third dose of high-dose cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). The nurse notes hematuria. The nurse will notify the provider and will perform which action? a. Ask whether the patient takes allopurinol (Lopurin). b. Assess the patient's skin and fingernails for darkening. c. Question the patient about fluid intake. d. Reassure the patient that this is an expected side effect.

c. Question the patient about fluid intake

A patient receiving interferon experiences confusion, somnolence, and aphasia. The nurse will perform which action? a. Discontinue the medication immediately. b. Inform the family that these symptoms may persist for years. c. Reassure the patient that these side effects are reversible. d. Request an order for lorazepam.

c. Reassure the patient that these side effects are reversible.

The nurse is performing a history on a patient who will begin taking bevacizumab (Avastin). Which aspect of the patient's history should be reported to the oncologist treating this patient? a. History of hepatitis b. Hypertension c. Recent surgical history d. Weight loss

c. Recent surgical history

A patient is receiving bone marrow transplantation for cancer and receives filgrastim (Neupogen). The patient reports abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant. The nurse will perform which action? a. Administer acetaminophen 650 mg. b. Administer an antiemetic medication. c. Report a potentially life-threatening event. d. Request an order for cardiac enzyme levels.

c. Report a potentially life-threatening event.

A client is diagnosed with acne. The client expresses concern to the nurse that he has not yet been placed on medication. The nurse explains to the client that the initial nonpharmacologic approach for treating acne vulgaris includes: a. application of large doses of vitamin A. b. application of large doses of vitamin C. c. cleansing of the skin gently several times a day. d. vigorously scrubbing skin in the morning and at bedtime.

c. cleansing of the skin gently several times a day.

The nurse is teaching a patient who will begin receiving targeted therapy for cancer. The patient asks how targeted therapy differs from other types of chemotherapies. The nurse will explain that targeted therapy a. damages cancer cell DNA to prevent cell replication. b. directly kills or damages cancerous cells. c. interferes with specific molecules in cancer cells. d. prevents metastasis of cancer cells.

c. interferes with specific molecules in cancer cells.

The client is being treated extensively with silver nitrate cream. The nurse plans to closely monitor the client's level of: a. calcium. b. sodium. c. potassium. d. magnesium.

c. potassium.

The nurse is teaching a patient who is receiving vincristine (Oncovin) about long-term management of the treatment regimen. Which information will the nurse provide in teaching the patient? a. "If you experience numbness of your hands, it will eventually resolve." b. "If your IV starts to hurt, you should pull the IV out immediately." c. "You should ask for antinausea medication at the first sign of nausea." d. "You should report difficulty buttoning your clothes to your provider."

d. "You should report difficulty buttoning your clothes to your provider."

The nurse is preparing to administer intravenous temsirolimus (Torisel). To prevent a common adverse drug effect, the nurse will expect to administer which type of drug? a. An antibiotic b. An anticoagulant c. An antiemetic d. An antihistamine

d. An antihistamine

A client enters the healthcare provider's office with complaints of verruca vulgaris (warts). What is the most accurate instructional point to include in a client teaching session? a. Warts can become malignant after 1 to 2 years and thus must be monitored closely. b. The only effective means of wart removal is by surgical excision. c. Drug therapy to remove a common wart may include systemic side effects. d. Electrodesiccation can be used to eradicate the common warts.

d. Electrodesiccation can be used to eradicate the common warts.

The nurse is preparing to administer interleukin-2 to a patient who has cancer. The patient reports shortness of breath. The nurse assesses clear breath sounds, a respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 80 beats per minute, an oxygen saturation of 93% on room air, and a blood pressure of 92/68 mm Hg. The nurse will perform which action? a. Administer the dose as ordered. b. Administer oxygen while giving the dose. c. Discuss permanently discontinuing this treatment with the provider. d. Hold the dose and notify the provider.

d. Hold the dose and notify the provider.

A patient is receiving bleomycin (Blenoxane) as part of a chemotherapeutic regimen to treat leukemia. During intravenous administration of this drug, what will the nurse observe the patient closely for? a. Hypotension and visual disturbances b. Pain and blistering at the IV site c. Pink to red urine d. Shortness of breath and wheezing

d. Shortness of breath and wheezing

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving intravenous mechlorethamine (Mustargen). The patient reports pain at the IV site, and the nurse assesses swelling and pallor at the site. What action will the nurse take? a. Administer an analgesic medication. b. Apply a warm compress to the site. c. Slow the infusion and notify the provider. d. Stop the infusion immediately.

d. Stop the infusion immediately.

The nurse plans to monitor a client with second-degree burns for which adverse reaction to mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon)? a. Increased intraocular pressure b. Urinary retention c. Fluid retention d. Superinfection

d. Superinfection

An oncology home care nurse is preparing to administer a chemotherapeutic agent to a patient at the patient's home. What precautions will the nurse take while administering the IV chemotherapeutic agent? a. Clear a counter space for preparation of the solution. b. Don a surgical mask while administering the drug. c. Take surgical scrubs to wear during the infusion. d. Wear an impermeable, disposable gown when hanging the drug.

d. Wear an impermeable, disposable gown when hanging the drug.

The nurse is preparing to give a dose of dasatinib (Sprycel) to a patient. The nurse notes that the patient has just completed a meal. The tablet is in the packaging but is broken in two pieces. What is the correct action by the nurse? a. Administer the medication with an antacid. b. Return the tablet to the pharmacy. c. Wait for 2 hours before giving the medication. d. Wear gloves when handling the tablet.

d. Wear gloves when handling the tablet.

A woman who has advanced breast cancer will begin receiving androgen therapy. The nurse will explain to the patient that androgen therapy is used to a. enhance her own estrogen production. b. give her a sense of well-being. c. minimize hot flashes. d. promote regression of her tumor.

d. promote regression of her tumor.

The patient asks the nurse what apoptosis means. The nurse will explain that apoptosis refers to a. alteration of cellular functions. b. inhibition of cell division. c. prevention of cell phase progression. d. slow, planned cellular death.

d. slow, planned cellular death.