Cognitive Psychology Chapters 1-2

When was the first laboratory of scientific psychology founded?

1879

Place the following steps involved in neural communication into the correct sequence:

5__ Surrounding neurons take up the neurotransmitters __2__ Action potentials trigger a chemical reaction __1__ Electrical signals travel down a neuron's axon __3__ Synaptic vesicles open __4__ Neurotransmitters are released into the synapse __6__ The electrical signal of the receiving neuron is affected

Match the following psychologists with the terms they are associated with:

Correct Response __1__ Francis Donders Correct Response __2__ Francis Donders Correct Response __3__ Hermann Helmholtz Correct Response __4__ Hermann Helmholtz Correct Response __6__ Hermann Ebbinghaus Correct Response __5__ Hermann Ebbinghaus 1. Mental chronometry 2. Simple vs. choice RT 3. Theory of unconscious inference 4. The idea that we make assumptions about our environment based on past experiences 5. Forgetting curve 6. Memory for letter strings

Please match the following brain regions with the description of their location and the list of primary functions that take place in that region:

Incorrect Response __6__ Occipital lobe Incorrect Response __8__ Frontal lobe Correct Response __1__ Parietal lobe Correct Response __2__ Parietal lobe Incorrect Response __3__ Temporal lobe Incorrect Response __7__ Frontal lobe Incorrect Response __5__ Occipital lobe Incorrect Response __4__ Temporal lobe 1. near the crown of the head 2. touch, vision, and attention 3. near ears 4. language, memory, hearing 5. back of head 6. vision 7. behind eyes and forehead 8. language, thought, memory, motor function

Which of the following is NOT an influence of behaviorism on how psychologists today research the mind?

Psychologists today limit the questions they ask to those that have observable behaviors.

What is neuropsychology?

Research that focuses on the effects of brain damage

What is a synapse?

The space between a neuron's axon and the next neuron's receptor

Why could we say that Donders, Helmholtz, and Ebbinghaus were cognitive psychologists, even though in the 19th century there was no field called cognitive psychology?

They made inferences about how the mind works based on measurements of observable behaviors.

Why is it important to record from single neurons?

To determine the type of stimulus that causes the neuron to fire

Cognition results in activity that is distributed throughout many areas of the brain

True

The brain contains areas specialized for specific functions

True

How important was the study of mental functioning in psychology at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century?

Very important, as the dominant approach in psychology at this time was structuralism.

How did Watson and Skinner, respectively, influence the rise of behaviorism?

Watson founded behaviorism as a new approach to psychology while Skinner's work on operant conditioning assured that behaviorism would become a dominant force in psychology.

Please match the following terms with their definitions:

_ 2__ Receptors __1__ Neuron structure __3__ Transduction 1. Enables action potentials at the axon to result in the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles into the synapse 2. Absorb neurotransmitters 3. transformation of one form of energy to another form

Please match the following terms to their definitions or related concepts.

_4__ Distributed coding __2__ Specificity coding __3__ Grandmother cell __1__ Specificity coding 1. the representation of a specific stimulus by the firing on neurons that respond to only that stimulus 2. the idea that a person's face could be signaled by the firing of a neuron that responds only to that person's face 3. a neuron that responds only to a highly specific stimulus 4. the representation of an object or experience by the firing of a number of neurons

Dr. Zell has found a double dissociation between the mechanisms responsible for recognizing living and nonliving things by studying patients L and N. Complete the matrix below by filling in Deficient or OK to correctly illustrate the pattern of this this double dissociation. Living Things Nonliving Things Patient L Deficient

___OK___, Patient N ___OK___, ___Deficient___