CHE 103 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Carrots are $0.79 per pound. What is the cost of 1.20 kg of carrots?
$2.10
At STP, how many moles of helium gas would occupy 1.00 L?
0.0446 moles
How many moles of K2SO4 are in 15.0 g of K2SO4?
0.0861 moles
What is the molarity of a KCl solution made by diluting 75.0 mL of a 0.200 M solution to a final volume of 100. mL?
0.150 M
What volume of 0.10 M NaOH can be prepared from 250. mL of 0.30 M NaOH?
0.75 L
Enter an equality for the following medication in stock: 2.1 mg of Coumadin per 1 tablet of Coumadin. Choose two conversion factors for the following medication in stock: 2.1 mg of Coumadin per 1 tablet of Coumadin. Enter an equality for the following medication in stock: 80 mg of Clozapine per 1 tablet of Clozapine. Choose two conversion factors for the following medication in stock: 80 mg of Clozapine per 1 tablet of Clozapine. Enter an equality for the following medication in stock: 8.0 g of Cefuroxime per 5 mL of Cefuroxime. Choose two conversion factors for the following medication in stock: 8.0 g of Cefuroxime per 5 mL of Cefuroxime
1 tablet of Coumadin =2.1 mg of Coumadin 2.1mgCoumadin/ 1tablet 1tablet/2.1mgCoumadin 1 tablet of Clozapine =80 mg of Clozapine 1tablet/80mgClozpine 80mgClozapine/1 tablet 5 mL of Cefuroxime =8.0 g of Cefuroxime 5mLsolution/8.0gCefuroxime 8.0gCefuroxime/5mLsolution
If 100. mL of water is added to 25 mL of 5.0 M NaCl, the final concentration is __________.
1.0 M
For Kw, the product of [H3O+] and [OH-] is
1.0 × 10-14.
A 50.0 mL urine sample has a mass of 50.7 g. The specific gravity of the urine is
1.01.
A liquid has a volume of 34.6 mL and a mass of 46.0 g. What is the density of the liquid?
1.33 g/mL
What is the density of a substance with a mass of 45.00 g and a volume of 26.4 mL?
1.70 g/mL
If you have 3 moles of O2, how many O2 molecules do you have?
1.80 x 1024 molecules of O2
A cyclopropane-oxygen mixture is used as an anesthetic. If the partial pressure of cyclopropane in the mixture is 330 mmHg and the partial pressure of the oxygen is 1.0 atm, what is the total pressure of the mixture in torr?
1100 torr
Find the mass of AlCl3 that is produced when 10.0 grams of Al2O3 react with 10.0 g of HCl according to the following equation.Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(aq)
12.2 g
At STP, what is the mass of 11.2 liters of O2 gas?
16.0 g
The maximum number of electrons that may occupy the third energy level is
18.
A dose of aspirin of 5.0 mg per kilogram of body weight has been prescribed to reduce the fever of an infant weighing 8.5 pounds. The number of milligrams of aspirin that should be administered is
19 mg.
Give the symbol of the element with each of the following electron configurations.
1s2 2s2 2p1 : B 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 : P [Ne]3s2 3p5: Cl [He]2s2 2p4: O
Which of the following electron configurations is impossible?
1s22s42p63s23p3
In the following reaction, when the equation is correctly balanced, what is the correct coefficient for aluminum chloride?Al(s) + Cl2(g) → AlCl3(s)
2
In the following reaction, when the equation is correctly balanced, what is the correct coefficient for sodium chloride?Pb(NO3)2(aq) + NaCl(aq) → PbCl2 (s) + NaNO3(aq)
2
Perform each of the following conversions using metric and U.S. conversion factors:
2.828 lb to kilograms: 1.29 kg 1.3 m to inches: 51 in. Part complete 3.2 L to quarts: 3.4 qt 0.272 ft to millimeters: 82.9 mm
If the temperature is - 55 °C, what is the corresponding temperature on the Kelvin scale?
218 K
What volume of a 2.00 M KCl solution is required to prepare 500. mL of a 0.100 M KCl solution?
25.0 mL
When 2610 + 11.7 + 0.22 are added, the answer to the correct number of decimal places is __________.
2622
Write the symbols for the ions with the following number of protons and electrons:
3 protons, 2 electrons: Li+ 52 protons, 54 electrons: Te2− 38 protons, 36 electrons: Sr2+ 24 protons, 21 electrons: Cr3+
What is the ionic charge of an ion with 13 protons and 10 electrons?
3+
What volume would a 0.250 mole sample of H2 gas occupy, if it has a pressure of 1.70 atm, and a temperature of 35 °C?
3.72 L
Consider a neutral atom with 30 protons and 34 neutrons. The number of electrons in this atom is
30.
Enter the appropriate symbol for an isotope of phosphorus-32 corresponding to the isotope notation AZX.
3215P
An alloy contains 64 g of pure gold and 32 g of pure zinc. What is the percentage of zinc in the alloy? 32g/32g+64g X 100 = %
33 %
Describe the shape of the following orbitals.
3p: two lobes 6s: spherical 4p: two lobes
Solve each of the following for z:
3z−(−12)=24 : z=4 4z/−16=−16 : z=64
When 4 moles of aluminum are allowed to react with an excess of chlorine gas, Cl2, how many moles of aluminum chloride are produced?
4 moles
Diamond has a density of 3.52 g/mL. What is the volume in cubic centimeters of a diamond with a mass of 15.1 g?
4.29 cm3
What is the mass of 53 mL of ethanol, which has a density of 0.79 g/mL?
42 g
A collection of coins contains 15 pennies, 13 dimes, and 5 quarters. What is the percentage of pennies in the collection? 15/15+13+5 X 100 = %
45 %
Round the value 44.981 g to three significant figures.
45.0 g
What is the pressure, in mmHg, of a 3.80 g sample of O2 gas, which has a temperature of 25.0 °C, and a volume of 4500 mL?
491 mmHg
How many moles of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are needed to produce 5.0 moles of water? 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
5.0 moles
How many moles of iron are present in 3.15 × 1024 atoms of iron?
5.23 moles
How many grams of water will 100. grams of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produce? 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
52.9 g
How many grams of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are needed to produce 25.0 g of oxygen? 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
53.1 g
If atmospheric pressure on a certain day is 749 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen, given that nitrogen is about 78% of the atmosphere?
584 mm Hg
One mole of particles of any substance contains how many particles?
6.02 × 1023
How many atoms of neon are present in 1.15 moles of neon?
6.92 × 1023 atoms
At a local hospital, 35 babies were born. If 27 were boys, what percentage of the newborns were boys? 27/35 X 100 = %
77 %
The temperature of liquid nitrogen is - 196 °C. What is the corresponding reading on the Kelvin scale?
77 K
You've asked your friends to define the terms "chemistry" and "chemical." With which definitions do you agree?
A chemical is a substance that has the same composition and properties wherever it is found. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.
Why can two conversion factors be written for an equality such as 1 L=1000 mL?
A conversion factor can be inverted to give a second conversion factor: 1 L/1000 mL and 1000 mL/1 L
Choose the shape that matches each of the following descriptions:
A molecule with a central atom that has four electron groups and four bonded atoms: tetrahedral shape A molecule with a central atom that has three electron groups and three bonded atoms: trigonal planar shape A molecule with a central atom that has four electron groups and three bonded atoms: trigonal pyramidal shape
To make tomato soup, you add one can of water to the condensed soup. Why is this a dilution?
Adding water (solvent) to the soup increases the volume and dilutes the tomato soup concentration.
The relationship V1/n1=V2/n2 is called ________.
Avogadro's Law
Calculate the molar mass for each of the following:
C6H12O6: 180.16 g Li2CO3: 73.89 g KBrO4: 183.00 g MgSO4, magnesium supplement : 120.38 g TiO2, white pigment: 79.87 g C7H5NO3S, saccharin, artificial sweetener: 183.19 g
Write the name for each of the following ionic compounds:
CaSe: calcium selenide RbCl: rubidium chloride Na2O: sodium oxide Ca3N2: calcium nitride KI: potassium iodide CaF2: calcium fluoride
The conjugate base of HClO3 is
ClO3 -
To learn how to round an answer to the correct number of significant figures.
Compute 3.5 × 4.48697. Round the answer appropriately. 16 Compute 1240.64 / 12.5. Round the answer appropriately. 99.3 Compute 21405.6 + 9.3456 . Round the answer appropriately. 21414.9
When a metal and a nonmetal exchange electrons to make a cation and an anion, respectively, they can form an ionic compound. The formula of an ionic compound indicates the kinds and number of ions. The number of anions and cations create a compound with an overall charge of zero; in other words, the positive and negative charges are balanced.
Determine whether the following pairs of elements can form ionic compounds. (Form ionic bonds) fluorine and sodium potassium and sulfur oxygen and magnesium manganese and chlorine (Do not form ionic bonds) lithium and calcium nitrogen and bromine What is the formula for an ionic compound that contains the elements magnesium and chlorine? - MgCl2
Describe the trend in electronegativity as increases or decreases for each of the following:
Electronegativity values increase: from B to F Electronegativity values decrease: from F to I from Mg to Ba
Classify each of the following pure substances as an element or a compound. a silicon (Si) chip oxygen (O2) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rust (Fe2O3) methane (CH4) in natural gas
Element: a silicon (Si) chip oxygen (O2) Compound: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rust (Fe2O3) methane (CH4) in natural gas
Identify the numbers from the statements above as exact or measured.
Exact: One liter 1 lb of oranges 7 days 1 week One deciliter 100 mL 100 g of gold ring Measured: 1.06 qt $1.29 75 g of gold
Solve each of the following for a:
Express your answer as an integer. 2a+4=40 a=18 a/4=6 a =24
At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products are always equal.
False
Ideal Gas Law calculations require the pressure to be in units of atm.
False
The % yield is the ratio of the theoretical yield to the actual yield multiplied by 100.
False
Indicate whether each of the following describes a gas, a liquid, or a solid
Gas: The particles in a substance do not interact with each other. This substance has no definite volume or shape. Solid: The particles in a substance are held in a rigid structure.
Which of the following is a buffer system?
H2CO3 and KHCO3
Identify the Bronsted-Lowry acid in the following reaction.H2O + CO32- → HCO3- + OH-
H2O
The most abundant isotope of nickel is 58 28Ni.
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in 58 28Ni? Np, Nn, Ne =28,30,28 What is the atomic symbol of another isotope of nickel with 35 neutrons? 6328Ni What is the name of an atom with the same mass number as in Part B and 34 neutrons? copper 6329Cu
State the type of measurement in each of the following statements:
I put 15 L of gasoline in my gas tank.: A liter is a unit of volume. My bag weighs 4 kg.:A kilogram is a unit of mass. The diameter of the Moon is 3500 km.: A kilometer is a unit of length. Trains arrive at a train station every 30 min.: A minute is a unit of time.
Classify each of the following compounds as ionic or molecular.
Ionic compounds: Al2(CO3)3 Mg3N2 CrPO4 Molecular compounds: ClF2 BF3 SO2 Write the name of Al2(CO3)3: aluminum carbonate Write the name of ClF2: chlorine difluoride Write the name of BF3: boron trifluoride Write the name of Mg3N2: magnesium nitride Write the name of SO2: sulfur dioxide Write the name of CrPO4: chromium(III) phosphate
Name each of the following ionic compounds.
Li2SO4, an antidepressant: lithium sulfate MgCl2, a dietary supplement: magnesium chloride NaClO, a disinfectant: sodium hypochlorite Na3PO4, a laxative: sodium phosphate Ba(OH)2, a component of antacids: barium hydroxide
Name each of the following molecular compounds:
NO2: nitrogen dioxide IBr3: iodine tribromide CO2: carbon dioxide SO2: sulfur dioxide N2S3: dinitrogen trisulfide
Which of the following is correctly identified?
NaOH, strong base
Write the equality and give conversion factors for each of the following statements.
One liter is 1.06 qt 1 L=1.06 qt Conversion factors are 1L/1.06qt and 1.06qt/1L At the store, oranges are $1.29 per lb 1 lb =1.29 $ Conversion factors are 1lb/$1.29 and $1.29/1lb There are 7 days in 1 week. 1 week=7 days Conversion factors are 1week/7days and 7days/1week One deciliter contains 100 mL. 1 dL=100mL Conversion factors are 1dL/100mL and 100mL/1dL An 18-carat gold ring contains 75% gold by mass. 100 g of gold ring =75 g of gold Conversion factors are 100g ring/75g gold and 75g gold/100g ring
What is a mole?
One mole contains 6.02×1023 atoms of an element, molecules of a covalent substance, or formula units of an ionic substance.
For each of the following bonds, indicate the positive end with δ+ and the negative end with δ−. Choose an arrow to show the dipole for each.
P and Cl: P(s+) and Cl (S-) --> Se and F: (δ+)Se−F (δ−)⟶ Br and O: (δ+)Br−O(δ−)⟶ N and H: (δ−)N−H(δ+) ⟵ C and Cl: (δ+)C−Cl(δ−)⟶
State the number of protons and electrons in each of the following:
P3− : 15,18 protons, electrons Sc2+ : 21,19 protons, electrons Au3+ : 79,76 protons, electrons Rh3+ : 45,42 protons, electrons
Match the state of matter with each of the following descriptions of a substance.
Particles are held close together in a random pattern (liquid) Great distance exist between the particles. (gas) This substance is boiling. (liquid + gas) This material has definite volume, and a definite shape. (solid) This substance is melting. (solid + liquid)
Calculate the mass, in grams, in 2.28 moles of each of the following:
Pd: 243 g SeO3: 289 g C4H8O4: 274 g Sr(HCO3)2: 478 g TeF6: 551 g
Classify each of the changes as a physical change or a chemical change.
Physical change: carving wood freezing of water tearing aluminum foil slicing a mango Chemical change: frying a fish burning toast oxidizing of mercury (Hg) bleaching skin
Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture: baking soda (NaHCO3) a blueberry muffin ice (H2O) zinc (Zn) Trimix, oxygen, nitrogen, and helium, in a scuba tank
Pure substance: ice (H2O) zinc (Zn) baking soda (NaHCO3) Mixture: a blueberry muffin Trimix, oxygen, nitrogen, and helium, in a scuba tank
Arrange each set of elements in order of decreasing ionization energy.
Rank elements from largest to smallest ionization energy. F, Cl, Br Rank elements from largest to smallest ionization energy. Br, Ga, K Rank elements from largest to smallest ionization energy. Mg, Ca, Ba Rank elements from largest to smallest ionization energy. Cl, P, Mg
Place the elements in each set in order of decreasing atomic size.
Rank from largest to smallest atomic radius. P, S, Cl Rank from largest to smallest atomic radius. Ge, Si, C Rank from largest to smallest atomic radius. Te, Se, S Rank from largest to smallest atomic radius. Kr, Ar, Ne
Sort the following numbers according to whether they should be rounded up or down when rounding to the nearest tenth (the first digit after the decimal).
Round up: 7.092 3.1742 124.77 19.49 Round down: 4.314 8878.2341 66.9136 5.80
What did Rutherford determine about the structure of the atom from his gold-foil experiment?
Rutherford determined that positively charged particles called protons are located in a very small, dense region of the atom called the nucleus.
Place the following in order of increasing metallic character: Li, O, B, Ne
Smallest to Largest: Ne, O, B, Li
Write the name for each of the following:
SnCl2: Tin dichloride FeO: iron(II) oxide Cu2S: copper(I) sulfide CuS: copper(II) sulfide CdBr2: cadmium bromide HgCl2: mercury(II) chloride
Classify the following elements.
Sodium: (alkali metal) Argon: (noble gas) Bromine: (halogen) Copper: (transition element) Magnesium: (alkaline earth metal) Phosphorus: (nonmetal)
Which of the following are at equilibrium?
The concentrations of the reactants and the products do not change. The rate of the reverse reaction does not change.
Three 3p orbitals:
The maximum number of electrons is the same. They are in the same energy level. They have the same shape.
For the question(s) that follow, consider the following equation. 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
The number of moles of oxygen gas needed to react with 4.0 moles of Mg is: 2.0 moles. The number of moles of MgO produced when 0.20 mole of O2 reacts completely is: 0.40 mole. How many moles of magnesium are needed to react with 0.50 mole of O2? 1.0 moles
KF is a strong electrolyte, and HF is a weak electrolyte. How is the solution of KF different from that of HF?
The strong electrolyte K F completely dissociates into K + and F − ions when it dissolves in water. When the weak electrolyte H F dissolves in water, there are a few H + and F − ions present, but mostly H F molecules.
Which of the following is NOT part of the kinetic theory of gases?
There is very little empty space in a gas.
3s and 3p sublevels:
They are in the same energy level.
3p and 4p sublevels:
They have the same shape. The maximum number of electrons is the same.
1s and 2s orbitals:
They have the same shape. The maximum number of electrons is the same.
1 mmHg is the same as 760 atm.
True
Carbohydrates and proteins have the same caloric value per gram.
True
To understand and be able to use scientific notation.
Type the number 1340000 in scientific notation. 1340000 =1.34×106 Type the number 0.000354 in scientific notation. 0.000354=3.54×10−4 Rank the following numbers from greatest to least: 1.23×106 2.34×105 3.45×104 4.56×103 5.67×102 Type the number 3.14×103 in standard notation. 3.14×103=3140 Type the number 8.75×10−4 in standard notation. 8.75×10−4=8.75×10−4
What is the volume, in liters, of 4.00 moles of methane gas, CH4, at 14 ∘C and 1.60 atm?
V=58.9 L
In a gas mixture, the partial pressures are argon 420 mmHg , neon 90 mmHg , and nitrogen 130 mmHg .
What is the total pressure (atm) exerted by the gas mixture? P=0.842 atm
According to the Arrhenius concept, if NaOH were dissolved in water, it would act as
a base.
A homogeneous mixture that does not settle out upon standing is
a colloid.
A catalyst is
a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed in the reaction.
The atomic mass of an element is equal to
a weighted average mass of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of the element.
Enter the correct formula for the following compounds.
aluminum chlorate: Al(ClO3)3 ammonium oxide: (NH4)2O magnesium bicarbonate: Mg(HCO3)2 potassium nitrite: KNO2 copper(I) sulfate: Cu2SO4
In a neutralization reaction
an acid and a base react to form a salt and water.
The smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element is a(n)
atom.
In a warm room, a person's glasses fog up.
condensation
The process by which a semipermeable membrane allows water molecules, small molecules, and ions to pass through while retaining large particles is called
dialysis.
Which attractive force is the weakest force between molecules?
dispersion forces
The ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond is its
electronegativity.
The formation of a gas resulting from the escape of high-energy particles from the surface of a liquid is known as
evaporation.
Heat is removed from 125 g of liquid water at 0∘C.
freezing
For each of the following pairs, which is the smaller unit?
g or (cg) millimeter or (nanometer) terameters or (gigameters) (μL) or kL teragrams or (kilograms)
The mass/volume percent concentration refers to
grams of solute in 100 mL of solution.
An ionic compound
has a net charge of zero.
Which one of the following is characteristic of a base?
has a slippery, soapy feel
Using a kidney machine to remove waste products from the blood is known as __________.
hemodialysis
Air is a(n)
homogeneous mixture.
When a piece of magnesium metal is added to hydrochloric acid, what gas is produced?
hydrogen
According to Henry's law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid
increases as the gas pressure above the liquid increases.
An increase in the temperature of a solution usually
increases the solubility of a solid solute in the solution.
The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the energy that
initiates the reaction.
Which of the following is the largest unit?
kilometer
Write the formula for each of the following ionic compounds:
magnesium chloride: MgCl2 sodium chloride: NaCl copper(II) oxide: CuO silver chloride: AgCl silver oxide: Ag2O cobalt(III) fluoride: CoF3
The function of a buffer is to
maintain the pH of a solution.
Snow on the ground turns to liquid water.
melting
Is each of the following elements a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?
metal: -a good conductor of electricity -located in Group 2A (2) -tin nonmetal: -chlorine -oxygen -nitrogen -an element that is not shiny metalloid: -arsenic
The cubic centimeter (cm3 or cc) has the same volume as a
milliliter.
In a covalently bonded molecule, the number of electrons that an atom shares with others is usually equal to the number of electrons
needed to give it a stable electron configuration
Write an abbreviated electron configuration for each of the following.
nitrogen: [He]2s^22p^3 sulfur: [Ne]3s^23p^4 magnesium: [Ne]3s^2 beryllium: [He]2s^2
Oil does not dissolve in water because
oil is nonpolar.
Write the formula for each of the following:
oxygen difluoride: OF2 boron trifluoride: BF3 dinitrogen trioxide: N2O3 sulfur hexafluoride: SF6
water at the top of a waterfall
potential energy
An example of kinetic energy is
running water.
When some of the sugar added to iced tea remains undissolved at the bottom of the glass, the solution is
saturated.
The VSEPR theory allows us to determine the most favorable
shape of a molecule.
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance reduced always
shows a gain of electrons.
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance oxidized always
shows a loss of electrons.
The physical state(s) present when a substance is melting is (are)
solid + liquid.
A solution is prepared by dissolving 2 g of KCl in 100 g of H2O. In this solution, H2O is the
solvent.
In water, a substance that ionizes completely in solution is called a
strong electrolyte.
Dry ice in an ice-cream cart disappears.
sublimation
When a solid is converted directly to a gas, the change of state is called
sublimation.
A mixture in which one component settles is called a(n) __________.
suspension
When KCl dissolves in water
the K+ ions are attracted to the partially negative oxygen atoms of the water molecule.
During the process of diluting a solution to a lower concentration,
the amount of solute does not change.
Absolute zero is
the coldest temperature possible.
When a reaction is at equilibrium,
the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to
the mass number - the atomic number.
A chemical equation is balanced when
the number of atoms of each element is the same in reactants and products.
According to the kinetic theory of gases, a gas can be compressed much more than a liquid or solid because
the particles of a gas are very far apart.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have
the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.
You have a solution of calcium chloride dissolved in water. You add some more solid to the solution and stir, and the solid dissolves. Then, you add just a spatula tipful of the solid and stir, and the solid does not dissolve. How could you describe the solution before and after adding the spatula tip amount?
unsaturated, saturated
What is the first step in performing mass calculations for reactions?
use molar mass to convert grams of the given substance to moles
Which of the following is an example of potential energy?
water stored in a reservoir
In water, a substance that partially ionizes in solution is called a
weak electrolyte.
The measurement of the gravitational pull on an object is its
weight.