Chem 3.3

Which of the following are general statements the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) would make? (Select all that apply.)

It would list likely causes of atmospheric warming. It would give estimates about how much warming will occur.

The ______ Protocol is an international treaty with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Kyoto

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was organized by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organization to ______. (Select all that apply.)

assess the state of knowledge about climate change make recommendations for dealing with the impacts of climate change relate ways to mitigate climate change effects

Human activities can alter the ______ in such a way that these activities can change the planet's climate.

atmosphere

What action on climate change policy did the Trump Administration take?

It removed the United States from the Paris Agreement.

A natural source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the and fermentation by organisms.

breathing

carbon methane nitros chlo

burning bacteria arg synthetic

The Kyoto Protocol called for countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 5 to 10 percent below ______ levels by the year ______.

1990; 2012

The Kyoto Protocol calls for countries to reduce emissions of specific greenhouse gases by 5 to 10 percent, when compared to 1990 emission levels, by the year

2012

The pre-1750 (preindustrial era) concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere was ______ ppm, compared to the 2019 concentration of ______ ppm.

280; 411

How do melting glaciers contribute to a rise in sea level?

As glaciers melt, the volume of the ocean increases, causing sea level to rise.

Which of the following statements correctly indicate why sea levels will rise with increasing global temperature? (Select all that apply.)

As glaciers melt, the volume of the ocean increases. When water warms, it expands and takes up more space.

Which of the following are U.S. policies related to climate change that show a lack of coordination and coherence? (Select all that apply.)

Building codes for energy efficiency are only established locally, despite buildings consuming 40 percent of U.S. energy. Only 31 states have renewable energy portfolio standards requiring a portion of their electricity to come from renewable sources by specific dates.

Which of the following are technological approaches to reducing the amount of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere? (Select all that apply.)

Capturing and storing carbon dioxide underground Using alternative sources of energy, such as wind and solar

Which greenhouse gas has increased the most in total atmospheric concentration from pre-1750 (the preindustrial era) to the present (2016)?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

______ is primarily from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas but also comes from the decomposition of organic matter in soils and forests. ______ is produced from bacteria living in areas with no or low oxygen, such as in wetlands, rice paddies, and ruminant animal stomachs. ______ is from agriculture fertilizers and deforestation.

Carbon dioxide (CO2); Methane (CH4); Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Which of the following are primary greenhouse gases? (Select all that apply.)

Chlorofluorocarbons Methane Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide

______ refers to the varied differences that come about because of the warming of the planet. ______ relates to an average increase in the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere.

Climate change; Global warming

Which of the following statements correctly identify ways that ecosystems will change as a result of global warming? (Select all that apply.)

Coral reefs will die as a result of water temperature increases. Less sea ice will form, threatening species that depend on this habitat for survival. Tundra biomes will be reduced in size as a result of the thawing of the permafrost.

How does an increase in global temperature affect human health? (Select all that apply)

Hotter temperatures increase the death rate of people with heart problems because their body must work harder to keep itself cool. The prevalence of certain diseases depends on local climate. An increase in warm areas allows tropical diseases to spread. Hotter temperatures exacerbate air pollution issues, such as higher ozone concentrations at ground level, increasing respiratory disease rates.

Which of the following factors influence the surface temperature of Earth? (Select all that apply.)

Earth's distance from the sun Changes in the energy output from the sun The presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Which of the following examples stimulate increases in energy efficiency and simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions? (Select all that apply.)

Establish a carbon tax Capture carbon emissions and store them underground

______ met the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by 2012, as a result of the Kyoto Protocol.

Europe

Which of the following statements are true regarding the impacts of the Kyoto Protocol? (Select all that apply.)

Europe met the goal of reducing their greenhouse gas emissions below their 1990 levels by 2012. Developing countries were exempt from signing it, so most did not have goals to meet and continued to increase their greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of the following statements correctly identify the factors that influence the rate at which Arctic sea ice melts?

How early in the spring melting begins What time of year (summer or winter) the ice formed The amount of warm ocean water flowing into the Arctic

Which of the following situations associated with global warming will likely lead to a decline in agricultural production? (Select all that apply.)

Increases in drought conditions Expansion of the range of agricultural pests Increases in the severity of storm events

The ______ was organized by the United Nations Environment Programme to assess the state of knowledge about climate change, to make recommendations for dealing with the impacts of it, and to relate ways to mitigate climate change effects.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

What are the two major sources of methane emissions?

Methanogens breaking down organic molecules Fossil fuel wells and mines

What is the primary source of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere?

Nitrogen-containing fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels

Which of the following components are part of the hydrologic cycle? (Select all that apply.)

Precipitation Evaporation Water flow

Which of the following changes to the hydrologic cycle are expected to occur with increasing global temperatures? (Select all that apply.)

Rainfall totals will increase in some areas. Snowfall totals will diminish. Some areas will experience increased evaporation, making the soils drier and dropping lake and river levels.

Which of the following statements are risks the world is facing as a result of climate change? (Select all that apply.)

Risk of food insecurity due to warming, drought, or flooding Risk of death or illness due to extreme heat Risk of loss of marine ecosystem services

The hydrologic cycle's primary energy sources include the ______ and the heat-trapping effect of the greenhouse gases.

SUn

What are the goals of the Paris Agreement? (Select all that apply.)

Strive to keep the current level of warming below 1.5°C. Prevent a 2°C increase in global temperatures this century.

Which international agreement was mainly about limiting the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?

The Montreal Protocol

What are the two primary anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide that are contributing to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? (Select two.)

The burning of fossil fuels Deforestation

What is one way that a significant portion of the amount of nitrous oxide being released into the atmosphere could be reduced?

The careful management of nitrogen-based fertilizers

Which of the following is not one of the factors that determine the surface temperature of Earth?

The internal energy released by Earth's core

What negative effects does the increase in the acidity of ocean waters have on marine organisms? (Select all that apply.)

They have to spend more energy to build skeletal structures. Skeletal structures they have already built tend to dissolve.

What is the basic problem marine organisms that build skeletal structures out of calcium carbonate have with more acidic ocean water?

They have to spend more energy.

Which of the following are true about sea ice and ocean temperature? (Select all that apply.)

Thicker ice results in slower increases in the temperature of ocean water. The more open ocean there is the faster the surrounding ice will melt.

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Weather includes short-term events, whereas climate is the long-term average of weather patterns.

Forests ______.

can slow the rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide, if they are protected can tie up carbon for centuries

The oceans are now absorbing more ______ from the atmosphere, which results in ______.

carbon dioxide; higher acidity levels

The Montreal Protocol led to a sharp reduction in the amount of ______ being released.

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

With global warming, coral reefs are expected to ______.

die out as a result of increasing acidity of the ocean and their inability to adapt to rising water temperatures

The Paris Agreement resulted in the creation of a Green Climate Fund that will be used to support the ______.

effort of poor countries to address climate change

The Kyoto Protocol is the most celebrated global agreement to control climate change by reducing gas emissions.

greenhouse

______ activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, have the potential to alter the atmosphere in such a way that the planet's climate begins to change.

human

All of the following are primary greenhouse gases except ______.

hydrogen gas

According to Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), coastal flooding risk is expected to ______ with climate change, and agricultural productivity is expected to ______.

increase; decrease

Natural gas is primarily composed of the greenhouse gas called

methane

Natural sources of methane gas in the atmosphere include ______. (Select all that apply.)

microorganisms found in the guts of termites and cattle microorganisms found in wetlands and rice paddies

The IPCC aims to _______ but does not ______.

provide reliable information on climate change; tell policymakers how to respond to that information

Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are altering the ocean by ______.

raising the ocean's acidity level when the carbon dioxide dissolves in the water

The hydrologic cycle is expected to change with increasing global temperatures. For example, with increased evaporation, some areas will ______. (Select all that apply.)

receive higher amounts of precipitation and potentially experience flooding become drier, as moisture leaves the soil

Crop yields will probably fall as a result of global warming in regions that ______.

receive less rainfall and experience hotter temperatures

A carbon tax would ______. (Select all that apply.)

reduce greenhouse gas emissions stimulate increases in energy efficiency

Preserving forests ______ the rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

slows

True or false: Any activity related to the burning of fossil fuels has the potential to release methane into the atmosphere.

t

Using alternative sources of energy, such as wind and solar, and capturing and storing carbon dioxide underground are ______ approaches to reducing the amount of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere.

technological

Carbon Methane Chlo Nitros

the most the second the least the third

Hot temperatures, such as those experienced during a heat wave, can impact human health by ______. (Select all that apply.)

threatening people with heart problems advancing respiratory problems leading to heat exhaustion