Chem Ch 1

Dalton's atomic theory explained the observation that the percentage by mass of the elements in a compound is always the same, thus Dalton's atomic theory supports what Law?

Law of Definite Composition

What statement about the structure of the atom is incorrect?

Most of the volume of the atom is empty space occupied by protons.

Which species below is a chemical compound?

NO

Which combination would best describe a solid?

Rigid shape, fixed volume, noncompressible

Which of these is a chemical property?

ability to corrode

Which of the following is not a physical property?

ability to react with chlorine

Which is not considered a subdivision of chemistry?

astronomy

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

carbonated water

A quantitative observation:

contains a number and a unit

According to Rutherford, the nucleus of the atom ______.

has a positive charge and contains most of the mass of the atom

Which of the following describes a gas ?

having no fixed volume and can change shape easily

Which subatomic particle has a charge of zero?

neutron

A nucleus consists of ______.

protons and neutrons

Which description best describes the field of chemistry?

the science that investigates the connection between the macroscopic world and the particles (atoms and molecules) that compose it

"What goes up must come down" is an example of a scientific

law

A summary of observed patterns or phenomena accepted as fact is called a (an)

law

"Matter is composed of atoms" is an example of a scientific

model

A quantitative observation is known as

a measurement

Which statement best describes one of the main goals of alchemy?

to make the elixir of life that would create immortality

Which of the following is not a description of atoms according to Dalton's atomic theory?

Atoms of the same element that have different masses are called isotopes

In the early 1800s, the atomic theory of matter was proposed by:

Dalton

Which Greek thinker was among the first to suggest that matter was composed of atoms?

Democritus

Which combination would best describe a liquid?

Flexible shape, fixed volume, noncompressible

Which combination would best describe a gas?

Flexible shape, variable volume, compressible

Which statement is best categorized as a law?

In a chemical reaction matter is neither created or destroyed

The state of matter that has an indefinite volume and indefinite shape is called

a gas

Lemons taste sour is

a qualitative observation