chem chapter 11

2KClO3=2KCl+3O2

Balance the following equation: KClO3(s)=KCl(s)+O2(g)

gas

In the equation: H2O2(aq)= H2O(l) +O2(g), the O2 is a _______.

Metals replace the first hydrogen and combine with OH to make bases EX: Na+H-OH=NaOH+H

In water how is hydrogen placed?

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

Law of Conservation of Mass

single-replacement reaction

Mg(s)+2HCl(aq)→MgCl2(aq)+H2(g) is an example of what type of reaction?

a.) C8H18

The complete combustion of which of these substances will produce carbon dioxide and water: a.) C8H18, or b.) K2CO3?

BaO+H2O

The product of a combination reaction is a Ba(OH)2, which is a base. If one of the reactants is H2O, what is the other reactant?

b.) hydrogen

The products of a combustion reaction do NOT include: a.) water or b.) hydrogen?

single-replacement

The type of reaction that takes place when one element reacts with a compound to form a new compound and a different element is a _____________.

conserve mass, conserve charge

What are the 2 things a chemical equation must do?

Na2SN+CO3(NO3)2

What are the expected products formulas when Na2CO3(aq) reacts with SN(NO3)2(aq)?

The most basic form of reaction; the correct changed reactants to products; with correct symbols, this does not have to be balanced at first

What do skeleton equations include?

gold

What is the least reactive element?

Cr2+ 3Fe(NO3)2= 3Fe+ 2Cr(NO3)3

Write the balanced equation for: _Cr(2)+_Fe(NO3)2(aq)= _Fe(s)+_Cr(NO3)3(aq)

2NF3= N2 + 3F2

Write the following as a balanced equation: nitrogen trifluoride= nitrogen+ fluoride

P(s)+O2(g) = P2O5(s)

Write the skeleton equation for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus combines with oxygen gas to form solid diphosphorus pentoxide.

1. Fe2S3 + HCl= FeCl3+H2S 2. HNO3+Na2CO3=H2O+CO+ NaNO3

Write the skeleton equation for: 1. Solid Iron (III) sulfide reacts with gaseous hydrochloric acid to form iron (III) chloride and hydrosulfuric acid gas 2. Nitric acid dissolved in water reacts with solid sodium carbonate to form liquid water and carbon dioxide gas and sodium nitrate (dissolved in water)

aqueous, dissolved in water

aq

solid precipitate forms

arrow down

gaseous product

arrow up

synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, double replacement

5 types of reactions

not used up

A catalyst is _____________ in a reaction.

the relative amounts of the reactants and products

A skeleton equation does NOT show___________.

Al2(SO4)3(aq)+6KOH(aq)= 2Al(OH)3(aq)+ 3K2SO4(aq)

Balance the following equation: Al2(SO4)3(aq)+KOH(aq)= Al(OH)3(aq)+ K2SO4(aq)

AlCl3+3NaOH= Al(OH)3+3NaCl

Balance the following equation: AlCl3+NaOH=Al(OH)3+NaCl

Mg(s)+2HCl=Mgcl2(aq) +H2

Balance the following equation: _Mg(s)+_HCl(aq)=_MgCl2(aq)+_H2(g)

N2+3H2=2NH3

Balance: N2+H2=NH3

2Fe+3Cl=2FeCl3

Balance: _Fe+_Cl2=_FeCl3

Yes

Can all chemical reactions be classified as one of the five general types?

reactants and products

Chemical equations describe________________.

the law of conservation of mass

Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy__________.

heat/energy

Chemical reactions produce___________.

A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the from of heat and light EX: C4H10 +O2

Combustion reaction

everyday processes

Everyday equations describe___________.

They can replace other halogens as long as they are higher on the table; thus more reactive

How do halogens replace other halogens in reactions?

subtract the known products from the reactant

How to find the third reactant from a compound with more than two substances as products in decomposition reactions:

check the reactants: Single replacements includes products that are not compounds Double replacement includes products that are compounds Look at the anion to tell if the solution is aqueous using the chart

How to recognize single or double replacement reactions?

RbBr

If a combination reaction takes place between rubidium and bromine, the chemical formula for the product is _________________.

elements

In a balanced chemical equation, each side of the equation has the same number of _______________.

oxygen

In a combustion reaction, one of the reactants is_________.

two ionic compounds

In a double-replacement reaction, the reactants are ___________.

ionic compounds

In a double-replacement reaction, the reactants are generally______________________.

activity series of metals

In order to predict whether or not a single-replacement reaction takes place, you need to consult a chart that shows the ________________.

only metals above hydrogen

In the activity series of metals, which metal(s) will displace hydrogen from an acid?

Simplified equations, crossing out ions not directly involved EX: 2Ag1+ + 2Cl- = 2AgCl

Net Ionic equations

CO(OH)3 LiCl

Predict the formula of the products of the reaction between aqueous cobalt (III) chloride and aqueous lithium hydroxide.

3RbOH+ H3PO4= Rb3PO4+3H2O

Predict the products and balance: RbOH+H3PO4=

K+AgNO3

Predict the products for the single replacement reaction: Ag(s)+KNO3(aq)

1. Write the correct skeleton 2. count the number of atoms on either side 3. balance by adding coefficients

Rules for balancing the equations:

never change subscript to balance equations, only coefficients and never put the coefficient in between elements in a compound

The NONOs of balancing equations

They can react with water to form bases EX: CaO+H2O= Ca(OH)2

What happens to some metal oxides? (Salts)

ionic disassociate; separating into cations and anions

What happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water?(Salts)

they react with water to form acids EX: SO+H2O=H2SO3

What happens with nonmetal oxides in a synthesis reaction?(molecules)

a precipitate is formed

What is the driving force for this reaction: Ni(NO3)2(aq)+K2S(aq)= NiS(s)+2KNO3(aq)?

lithium

What is the most reactive element?

the reactant is a single substance, the reactant could be an ionic or a molecular

What is true about the decomposition of a simple binary compound?

Al must be above H on the activity series

What must be true in order for this reaction to occur? 2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2

synthesis

What type of reaction is the following: 2Fe+ Cl2=2FeCl3

combustion

What type of reaction is: 2C3H7OH+ 9O2= 6CO2+8H2O

single replacement

What type of reaction is: H3PO4+3KOH=K3PO4+3H2O?

Lower, not so hot/ reactive metals EX: K(s)+ AlN(aq)=K3N(aq)+Al(down arrow)

When a reaction goes, what metals can replace other metals?

When there is a driving force for the reaction to take place; it will only happen if: 1. The product does not dissolve in water and causes a precipitate 2. Is a gas and bubbles out 3. Is a molecular compound

When do double replacement reactions happen? Why?

9

When the equation for the complete combustion of one mole of the C3H7OH is balanced, the coefficient for oxygen is:

b.) two reactants produce two products

Which is true about single replacement reactions: a.) any metal can replace any other metal, or b.) tow reactants produce two products?

b.) the reactant may be a solid metal

Which of the following is NOT true about double-replacement reactions: a.) the product may be a gas, or b.) the reactant may be a solid metal?

b.) new atoms are formed as products

Which of the following is NOT true about what happens in all chemical reactions: a.) the starting substances are called reactants, or b.) new atoms are formed as products?

b.) PbO2=Pb+O2

Which of the following is a balanced equation representing the decomposition of lead (IV) oxide: a.) PbO2= PB+2O, or b.) PbO2=Pb+o2

c.) solid product

Which set of symbols and explanations is correct: a.) (g), grams, or b.) (aq), dissolved in water, or c.) (s) solid product?

Br2+ 2NaI= 2NaBr+I2

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between bromine and sodium iodide.

2C7H14+ 21O2= 14CO2+14H2O

Write the balanced equation for the incomplete combustion of heptene, C7H14

2KOH + BaCl2= 2KCl+ Ba(OH)2

Write the balanced equation for the reaction: potassium hydroxide+ barium chloride=potassium chloride+ barium hydroxide

substance that speeds up the rate of reaction of a chemical reaction

catalyst

a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances; we can predict products in binary compounds as it breaks into the elements

decomposition reaction

reversible reaction

double arrow

a reaction where two things replace or switch places with one another; the reactants MUST be SALTS, and positive parts of the ions switch places (the first element) EX: NaOH+ FeCl3= Na1+ + 3Cl1- +Fe3+ +OH1-

double replacement reaction

use the activity table. put your index finger on the first metal in the first compound and your thumb on the second in the second compound; if they form a "c" it goes.

how to determine if the reaction goes

a substance produced in a chemical reaction

product

a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

reactant

reactants must be an element and a compound EX: A+BX=B+AX Products will be different elements and different compound

rules for single replacement reactions

a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound salt

single replacement reaction

2 or more substances react to form one product; we can predict the products: EX: SO3+H2O= H2SO4

synthesis reaction