chem chapter 11
2KClO3=2KCl+3O2
Balance the following equation: KClO3(s)=KCl(s)+O2(g)
gas
In the equation: H2O2(aq)= H2O(l) +O2(g), the O2 is a _______.
Metals replace the first hydrogen and combine with OH to make bases EX: Na+H-OH=NaOH+H
In water how is hydrogen placed?
Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
Law of Conservation of Mass
single-replacement reaction
Mg(s)+2HCl(aq)→MgCl2(aq)+H2(g) is an example of what type of reaction?
a.) C8H18
The complete combustion of which of these substances will produce carbon dioxide and water: a.) C8H18, or b.) K2CO3?
BaO+H2O
The product of a combination reaction is a Ba(OH)2, which is a base. If one of the reactants is H2O, what is the other reactant?
b.) hydrogen
The products of a combustion reaction do NOT include: a.) water or b.) hydrogen?
single-replacement
The type of reaction that takes place when one element reacts with a compound to form a new compound and a different element is a _____________.
conserve mass, conserve charge
What are the 2 things a chemical equation must do?
Na2SN+CO3(NO3)2
What are the expected products formulas when Na2CO3(aq) reacts with SN(NO3)2(aq)?
The most basic form of reaction; the correct changed reactants to products; with correct symbols, this does not have to be balanced at first
What do skeleton equations include?
gold
What is the least reactive element?
Cr2+ 3Fe(NO3)2= 3Fe+ 2Cr(NO3)3
Write the balanced equation for: _Cr(2)+_Fe(NO3)2(aq)= _Fe(s)+_Cr(NO3)3(aq)
2NF3= N2 + 3F2
Write the following as a balanced equation: nitrogen trifluoride= nitrogen+ fluoride
P(s)+O2(g) = P2O5(s)
Write the skeleton equation for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus combines with oxygen gas to form solid diphosphorus pentoxide.
1. Fe2S3 + HCl= FeCl3+H2S 2. HNO3+Na2CO3=H2O+CO+ NaNO3
Write the skeleton equation for: 1. Solid Iron (III) sulfide reacts with gaseous hydrochloric acid to form iron (III) chloride and hydrosulfuric acid gas 2. Nitric acid dissolved in water reacts with solid sodium carbonate to form liquid water and carbon dioxide gas and sodium nitrate (dissolved in water)
aqueous, dissolved in water
aq
solid precipitate forms
arrow down
gaseous product
arrow up
synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, double replacement
5 types of reactions
not used up
A catalyst is _____________ in a reaction.
the relative amounts of the reactants and products
A skeleton equation does NOT show___________.
Al2(SO4)3(aq)+6KOH(aq)= 2Al(OH)3(aq)+ 3K2SO4(aq)
Balance the following equation: Al2(SO4)3(aq)+KOH(aq)= Al(OH)3(aq)+ K2SO4(aq)
AlCl3+3NaOH= Al(OH)3+3NaCl
Balance the following equation: AlCl3+NaOH=Al(OH)3+NaCl
Mg(s)+2HCl=Mgcl2(aq) +H2
Balance the following equation: _Mg(s)+_HCl(aq)=_MgCl2(aq)+_H2(g)
N2+3H2=2NH3
Balance: N2+H2=NH3
2Fe+3Cl=2FeCl3
Balance: _Fe+_Cl2=_FeCl3
Yes
Can all chemical reactions be classified as one of the five general types?
reactants and products
Chemical equations describe________________.
the law of conservation of mass
Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy__________.
heat/energy
Chemical reactions produce___________.
A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the from of heat and light EX: C4H10 +O2
Combustion reaction
everyday processes
Everyday equations describe___________.
They can replace other halogens as long as they are higher on the table; thus more reactive
How do halogens replace other halogens in reactions?
subtract the known products from the reactant
How to find the third reactant from a compound with more than two substances as products in decomposition reactions:
check the reactants: Single replacements includes products that are not compounds Double replacement includes products that are compounds Look at the anion to tell if the solution is aqueous using the chart
How to recognize single or double replacement reactions?
RbBr
If a combination reaction takes place between rubidium and bromine, the chemical formula for the product is _________________.
elements
In a balanced chemical equation, each side of the equation has the same number of _______________.
oxygen
In a combustion reaction, one of the reactants is_________.
two ionic compounds
In a double-replacement reaction, the reactants are ___________.
ionic compounds
In a double-replacement reaction, the reactants are generally______________________.
activity series of metals
In order to predict whether or not a single-replacement reaction takes place, you need to consult a chart that shows the ________________.
only metals above hydrogen
In the activity series of metals, which metal(s) will displace hydrogen from an acid?
Simplified equations, crossing out ions not directly involved EX: 2Ag1+ + 2Cl- = 2AgCl
Net Ionic equations
CO(OH)3 LiCl
Predict the formula of the products of the reaction between aqueous cobalt (III) chloride and aqueous lithium hydroxide.
3RbOH+ H3PO4= Rb3PO4+3H2O
Predict the products and balance: RbOH+H3PO4=
K+AgNO3
Predict the products for the single replacement reaction: Ag(s)+KNO3(aq)
1. Write the correct skeleton 2. count the number of atoms on either side 3. balance by adding coefficients
Rules for balancing the equations:
never change subscript to balance equations, only coefficients and never put the coefficient in between elements in a compound
The NONOs of balancing equations
They can react with water to form bases EX: CaO+H2O= Ca(OH)2
What happens to some metal oxides? (Salts)
ionic disassociate; separating into cations and anions
What happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water?(Salts)
they react with water to form acids EX: SO+H2O=H2SO3
What happens with nonmetal oxides in a synthesis reaction?(molecules)
a precipitate is formed
What is the driving force for this reaction: Ni(NO3)2(aq)+K2S(aq)= NiS(s)+2KNO3(aq)?
lithium
What is the most reactive element?
the reactant is a single substance, the reactant could be an ionic or a molecular
What is true about the decomposition of a simple binary compound?
Al must be above H on the activity series
What must be true in order for this reaction to occur? 2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2
synthesis
What type of reaction is the following: 2Fe+ Cl2=2FeCl3
combustion
What type of reaction is: 2C3H7OH+ 9O2= 6CO2+8H2O
single replacement
What type of reaction is: H3PO4+3KOH=K3PO4+3H2O?
Lower, not so hot/ reactive metals EX: K(s)+ AlN(aq)=K3N(aq)+Al(down arrow)
When a reaction goes, what metals can replace other metals?
When there is a driving force for the reaction to take place; it will only happen if: 1. The product does not dissolve in water and causes a precipitate 2. Is a gas and bubbles out 3. Is a molecular compound
When do double replacement reactions happen? Why?
9
When the equation for the complete combustion of one mole of the C3H7OH is balanced, the coefficient for oxygen is:
b.) two reactants produce two products
Which is true about single replacement reactions: a.) any metal can replace any other metal, or b.) tow reactants produce two products?
b.) the reactant may be a solid metal
Which of the following is NOT true about double-replacement reactions: a.) the product may be a gas, or b.) the reactant may be a solid metal?
b.) new atoms are formed as products
Which of the following is NOT true about what happens in all chemical reactions: a.) the starting substances are called reactants, or b.) new atoms are formed as products?
b.) PbO2=Pb+O2
Which of the following is a balanced equation representing the decomposition of lead (IV) oxide: a.) PbO2= PB+2O, or b.) PbO2=Pb+o2
c.) solid product
Which set of symbols and explanations is correct: a.) (g), grams, or b.) (aq), dissolved in water, or c.) (s) solid product?
Br2+ 2NaI= 2NaBr+I2
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between bromine and sodium iodide.
2C7H14+ 21O2= 14CO2+14H2O
Write the balanced equation for the incomplete combustion of heptene, C7H14
2KOH + BaCl2= 2KCl+ Ba(OH)2
Write the balanced equation for the reaction: potassium hydroxide+ barium chloride=potassium chloride+ barium hydroxide
substance that speeds up the rate of reaction of a chemical reaction
catalyst
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances; we can predict products in binary compounds as it breaks into the elements
decomposition reaction
reversible reaction
double arrow
a reaction where two things replace or switch places with one another; the reactants MUST be SALTS, and positive parts of the ions switch places (the first element) EX: NaOH+ FeCl3= Na1+ + 3Cl1- +Fe3+ +OH1-
double replacement reaction
use the activity table. put your index finger on the first metal in the first compound and your thumb on the second in the second compound; if they form a "c" it goes.
how to determine if the reaction goes
a substance produced in a chemical reaction
product
a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
reactant
reactants must be an element and a compound EX: A+BX=B+AX Products will be different elements and different compound
rules for single replacement reactions
a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound salt
single replacement reaction
2 or more substances react to form one product; we can predict the products: EX: SO3+H2O= H2SO4
synthesis reaction