Chemical Composition of the Body

A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n)

aromatic compound

Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length.

false

An example of a monosaccharide is

glucose

Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and ____________.

glucose, fructose

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

glycogen

. Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?

have the same number of neutrons

Which of the following is NOT a function of a purine-containing nucleotide? A. neurotransmitter B. hormone C. energy carrier D. coenzymes

hormone

Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form _______ bonds with each other.

hydrogen

A blood pH of 7.6 is

indicative of alkalosis.

When an atom gains one or more electrons, it

is called an anion.

Glycogen

is more highly branched than plant starch.

This group of organic compounds acts as surfactants:

phospholipids

The backbone of a DNA molecule is a chain of

alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate.

The subunit of protein is the

amino acid

. Proteins that combine with other molecules are said to be condensed.

false

An element with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5 electrons would have an atomic number of 15.

false

Carbohydrate molecules have a ratio of twice as many oxygen atoms to carbon atoms.

false

Fructose is a ketone.

false

Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules, such as the slightly negatively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly positively charged oxygen atom of another.

false

In DNA, cytosine forms a complementary base pair with adenine.

false

Molecules with polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic.

false

Organic acids contain carbonyl groups.

false

The pH of a solution is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

false

. An atom with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons would have a net charge of

-1

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

. Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

How many amino acids are present for a polypeptide chain to be called a protein?

100

How many different amino acids are known?

20

In order to maintain proper health, total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake.

30%

Unsaturated fatty acids

Both contain one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature are correct.

Which of the following is NOT true of steroids? A. They have three 6-carbon rings joined to one 5-carbon ring. B. They contain a variety of functional groups. C. They are derived from palmitate. D. They differ in the position of the double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in the rings.

C. They are derived from palmitate.

Which of the following describes a trans-fat?

Has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on opposite sides of the bonds.

_______________ bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally.

Polar covalent

_____________ are fatty acids with a cyclic hydrocarbon group.

Prostaglandins

What characteristic of phospholipids allows them to form the double layer seen in cell membranes?

They are amphipathic.

Organic acids will contain

a carboxyl group.

Which of the following would be most easily broken?

a hydrogen bond

Bases will _______________ protons in a solution

accept

Ammonia usually

acts as a base

A solution of a pH above 7 is called ____________.

base

Regarding acids and bases,

bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

When an atom loses one or more electrons, it

becomes positively charged

The ability of water to be pulled as a column through narrow channels is called

capillary action

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves?

cellulose

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

compose genes

A protein that is combined with another type of molecule like a carbohydrate is

conjugated.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of RNA? A. dRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. mRNA

dRNA

Peptide bonds are formed by the process of

dehydration synthesis.

The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________, which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

electrons

blank are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs.

ketone bodies

Which of the following is NOT a derivative of cholesterol? A. corticosteroids B. vitamin D3 C. aldosterone D. lecithin

lecithin

Phospholipid molecules will form aggregates called ______ when placed in water

micelles

Hydrophobic molecules would contain _______________ bonds.

nonpolar covalent

Ketosis

occurs when stored fats are rapidly degraded by the body.

The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom.

orbital and energy level are correct

Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are

organic

Keratin and collagen are considered _______ proteins.

structural and fibrous

blank are molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different arrangements of atoms.

structural isomers

The "spiral staircase" structure of DNA is referred to as the

the double helix

The primary structure of proteins is/are

the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule.

The base that is NOT found in RNA is

thymine

Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________.

triglycerides, phospholipids

. Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds.

true

Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.

true

An ionized organic acid is designated with the suffix - ate

true

Glucose, galactose, and fructose can be considered structural isomers of each other.

true

Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

true

Rapid, uncontrolled hydrolysis of body fats can result in ketoacidosis.

true

Steroids are derived from cholesterol.

true

The ionized form of the organic lactic acid is lactate.

true

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is known as the primary protein structure.

true

The specific shape of a protein determines its function.

true

How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom?

two

Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?

uracil

The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom

valence