Chemical Composition of the Body
A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n)
aromatic compound
Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length.
false
An example of a monosaccharide is
glucose
Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and ____________.
glucose, fructose
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?
glycogen
. Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?
have the same number of neutrons
Which of the following is NOT a function of a purine-containing nucleotide? A. neurotransmitter B. hormone C. energy carrier D. coenzymes
hormone
Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form _______ bonds with each other.
hydrogen
A blood pH of 7.6 is
indicative of alkalosis.
When an atom gains one or more electrons, it
is called an anion.
Glycogen
is more highly branched than plant starch.
This group of organic compounds acts as surfactants:
phospholipids
The backbone of a DNA molecule is a chain of
alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate.
The subunit of protein is the
amino acid
. Proteins that combine with other molecules are said to be condensed.
false
An element with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5 electrons would have an atomic number of 15.
false
Carbohydrate molecules have a ratio of twice as many oxygen atoms to carbon atoms.
false
Fructose is a ketone.
false
Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules, such as the slightly negatively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly positively charged oxygen atom of another.
false
In DNA, cytosine forms a complementary base pair with adenine.
false
Molecules with polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic.
false
Organic acids contain carbonyl groups.
false
The pH of a solution is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.
false
. An atom with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons would have a net charge of
-1
Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?
. Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?
How many amino acids are present for a polypeptide chain to be called a protein?
100
How many different amino acids are known?
20
In order to maintain proper health, total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake.
30%
Unsaturated fatty acids
Both contain one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature are correct.
Which of the following is NOT true of steroids? A. They have three 6-carbon rings joined to one 5-carbon ring. B. They contain a variety of functional groups. C. They are derived from palmitate. D. They differ in the position of the double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in the rings.
C. They are derived from palmitate.
Which of the following describes a trans-fat?
Has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on opposite sides of the bonds.
_______________ bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally.
Polar covalent
_____________ are fatty acids with a cyclic hydrocarbon group.
Prostaglandins
What characteristic of phospholipids allows them to form the double layer seen in cell membranes?
They are amphipathic.
Organic acids will contain
a carboxyl group.
Which of the following would be most easily broken?
a hydrogen bond
Bases will _______________ protons in a solution
accept
Ammonia usually
acts as a base
A solution of a pH above 7 is called ____________.
base
Regarding acids and bases,
bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
When an atom loses one or more electrons, it
becomes positively charged
The ability of water to be pulled as a column through narrow channels is called
capillary action
Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves?
cellulose
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
compose genes
A protein that is combined with another type of molecule like a carbohydrate is
conjugated.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of RNA? A. dRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. mRNA
dRNA
Peptide bonds are formed by the process of
dehydration synthesis.
The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________, which are negatively charged subatomic particles.
electrons
blank are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs.
ketone bodies
Which of the following is NOT a derivative of cholesterol? A. corticosteroids B. vitamin D3 C. aldosterone D. lecithin
lecithin
Phospholipid molecules will form aggregates called ______ when placed in water
micelles
Hydrophobic molecules would contain _______________ bonds.
nonpolar covalent
Ketosis
occurs when stored fats are rapidly degraded by the body.
The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom.
orbital and energy level are correct
Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are
organic
Keratin and collagen are considered _______ proteins.
structural and fibrous
blank are molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different arrangements of atoms.
structural isomers
The "spiral staircase" structure of DNA is referred to as the
the double helix
The primary structure of proteins is/are
the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule.
The base that is NOT found in RNA is
thymine
Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________.
triglycerides, phospholipids
. Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds.
true
Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.
true
An ionized organic acid is designated with the suffix - ate
true
Glucose, galactose, and fructose can be considered structural isomers of each other.
true
Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
true
Rapid, uncontrolled hydrolysis of body fats can result in ketoacidosis.
true
Steroids are derived from cholesterol.
true
The ionized form of the organic lactic acid is lactate.
true
The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is known as the primary protein structure.
true
The specific shape of a protein determines its function.
true
How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom?
two
Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?
uracil
The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom
valence