Chemistry 1st semester test study guide
The most reactive group of the nonmetals is the
Halogens
When 64.4 is divided by 2.00, the correct number of significant figures in the result is
3
When 5.7 m is divided by 2 s, the quotient is correctly reported as
3 m/s
The average distance between the earth and the moon is 386,000 km. Expressed in scientific notation, this distance is written as
3.86 x 10^5 km
The speed of light is 300,000 km/s. In scientific notation, this speed is written to one significant figure as
3.86 x 10^5 km
If 4.0 g of element A combine with 10. g of element B, then 12 g of element A combine with ____ g of element B.
30
Which of these measurements has been expressed to four significant figures?
30.00 mm
It is easy to determine whether a substance is a metal if the substance is
easy to break down into its components
Which part of an atom has a mass approximately equal to 1/2000 of the mass of a common hydrogen atom?
electron
The period of an element can be determined from its..
electron configurations
a nonpolar covalent bond is unlikely when two atoms of different elements join because the atoms are likely to differ in
electronegativity
Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the...
electrons
In the equation density = mass/volume, mass divided by volume has a constant value. This means that the
equation graphs as a straight line
To which block do the actinide elements belong?
f block
The speed of an electromagnetic wave is equal to the product of its wavelength and its..
frequency
As you move left to right in Period 4 from gallium through bromine, atomic radii
generally decrease
As you move down Group 14 in the periodic table from carbon through lead, atomic radii
generally increase
A physical change occurs when a..
glue gun melts a glue stick
Across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii
gradually decrease
The vertical columns on the periodic table are called...
groups
Which groups in the main group have lower electronegativity than the d block elements?
groups 1 and 2
Refer to the figure below. To which group do fluorine and chlorine belong?
halogens
Hydrogen is placed separately from other elements in the periodic table because it
has many unique properties
In the alkaline earth group, atoms with the smallest radius...
have the highest ionization energies
The liquid state of matter can be described as..
having a definite volume but not a definite shape
The symbol mm represents..
millimeter
For groups 13 through 18, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
minus 10
For groups 13 through 18, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number...
minus 10
In groups 13 through 18, valence electrons may be in sublevels
s and p
The first electrons to be removed when d-block elements form ions are the
s electrons
Identify the sublevels in a period that contains 32 elements
s, p, d, f
metalloids are often
semiconductors
Compared with nonmetals, the number of valence electrons in metals is generally
smaller
A homogeneous mixture is also called a
solution
A student recorded the following while completing an experiment. Color of substance: yellow, shiny powder Effect of magnitude: yellow, shiny powder was attracted The student should classify the substance as a..
Mixture
The person whose work ;ed to a periodic table based on increasing atomic number was..
Moseley
The ionization energies for removing successive electrons from sodium are 496, 4562, 6912, and 9544. The great jump in ionization energy after the first electron is removed indicates the..
Noble gas configuration has been reached
Argon, krypton, and xenon are..
Noble gases
The periodic law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. What determines the position of each element in the periodic table?
Number of protons
The number of valence electrons in group 1 elements is..
1
A volume of 1 milliliter is equivalent to
1 cubic centimeter
Elements in which the d-sublevel is being filled have the properties of
metals
The SI base unit for length us the
meter
The SI base units for length and time are..
meter and second
In Rutherford's experiments, alpha particles...
were used to bombard thin metal foil
Which of the following does not describe a direct proportionality between x and y
xy=k
What is the correct Lewis stricture for Hydrogen Chloride, HCl?
.. H-Cl .. ..
.05 cm is the same as
.5 mm
Neon-22 contains 12 neutrons. It also contains
10 protons
How many minutes are in a week
10080 min
1.06 L of water is equivalent to
1060 mL
The result of dividing 10^7 by 10^-3 is
10^10
The carbon-12 atom is assigned a relative mass of exactly
12 amu
Using a metric ruler with 1 mm divisions, the sides of a rectangular piece of plywood were measured as 3.54 cm and 4.85 cm, which corresponds to an area of 17.1690 cm2. Which of these shows the area expressed correctly?
17.2 cm
Phosphorus-33 (atomic number 15) contains
18 neutrons
Because the first energy level contains only the 1s sublevel, the number of elements in this period is
2
How many significant digits should be shown in the product of 1.6 and 2.4 cm
2
The measurement of .020 L is the same as
2.0 x 10^-10 L
The capacity of a Florence flask is 250 mL. Its capacity in liters expressed in scientific notation is
2.5 x 10^-1 L
.25 g is equivalent to
250 mg
An aluminum isotope consists of 13 protons, 13 electrons, and 14 neutrons. Its mass number is...
27
Aluminum is in period..
3
The electron configuration of nitrogen is 1st 2s2 2p3. How many more electrons does nitrogen need to satisfy the octet rule?
3
The number of significant figures in the measured value .0320 g is..
3
Three samples of 1.12 g, 1.8 g, and 1.562 g are mixed together. The combined mass of the three samples, expressed to the correct number of significant figures, would be recorded as
4.5 g
Which of these measurements has only nonsignificant zeros
506
Krypton, atomic number 36, is the fourth element in Group 18. What is the atomic number of xenon, the fifth element in Group 18?
54
The number of atoms in 1 mol of carbon is..
6.022 x 10^23
How is the measurement 0.000065 cm written in scientific notation?
6.5 x 10 ^-5 cm
How many electrons does bromine have in its outermost energy level?
7
The number of valence electrons in group 17 is..
7
How may elements are in a period in which only the s and p sub levels are filled?"
8
Barium, atomic number 56, is the fifth element in Group 2. What is the atomic number of radium, the next element in Group 2?
88
How would 0.00930 m be expressed in scientific notation?
9.30 x 10^-3 m
Which part of the illustration below shows the particles in a heterogeneous mixture?
A
A chemical change occurs when...
A leaf changes color in the fall
A compound is..
A substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into smaller, stable substances
Which represents a neutral atom acquiring an electron in a process where energy is released?
A+e = A^- + energy
Plasma is the fourth state of matter. In plasma state...
Atoms lose electrons
molar mass...
Both A and B
The ionization energies required to remove successive electrons from one mole of calcium atoms are 590, 1145, 4912, and 6474. The most common ion of calcium is probably
Ca^2+
the deflection of cathode rays in Thomson's experiment was evidence of the ___ nature of electrons
Charged
The relationship between the mass of a material, its volume, and its density is..
D=m/v
Which of the following is an intensive property of matter?
Density
A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound is called
Electronegativity
Which of these metric units is used to measure mass?
G
What group does Nitrogen belong to?
Group 15
What group does Titanium belong to?
Group 4
The electron configuration of an element is [Kr]4d^6 5s^1. What group does thus element belong to?
Group 7
If a mixture is not uniform throughout, it is called
Heterogeneous
If a mixture is uniform in composition, it is said to be
Homogeneous
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is the atom's
Ionization energy
what happens to the energy in a substance when it changes state?
It changes form, but is neither destroyed or increased
How does the energy required to remove an electron from an atom change as you move left to right in period 4 from potassium through iron?
It generally decreases
The group of 14 f block elements in the sixth period is the..
Lanthanides
A sate of matter in which a material has no definite volume is the _____ state.
Liquid
Which of these is not an SI base unit?
Liter
Which of the following is not a chemical change?
Melting
The idea of arranging the elements in the periodic table according to their chemical and physical properties is attributed to...
Mendeleev
The most appropriate SI unit for measuring the length of an automobile is the
Meter
What period is cesium?
Period 6
Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, both cordless gases, form a red-brown gas when mixed. Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen are called...
Reactants
Whose series of experiments identified the nucleus of the atom?
Rutherford
Which of the following observations is quantitative
The liquid boils at 100 degrees Celsius
Which of the following is not part of Dalton's atomic theory
The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number
The electrons available to be lost gained, or shared when atoms form compounds are called..
Valence electrons
Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are...
Very far from one another
The only pure substance listed below is
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Which of the following is an extensive property of matter?
Volume
Which pair of quantities determines the density of a material?
Volume and mass
A mixture is
a blend of any two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties
The chemical formula for water, a covalent compound, is H2O. This formula is an example of...
a molecular formula
a polar molecule contains
a region of positive charge and a region of negative charge
The law of definite proportions...
agrees with Dalton's atomic theory
Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
air
a solid substance is...
always the same shape regardless of its container
The atomic number of neon is 10. The atomic number of calcium is 20. Compared with a mole of neon, a mole of calcium contains...
an equal number of atoms
A negative ion is known as a(n)
anion
A chemical substance can be defined as..
any substance that has a definite compostition
Within the p-block elements, the elements at the top of the table, compared with those at the bottom,
are less metallic
Standards of measurement are chosen because they
are reproducible in another laboratory
Evidence gathered since Mendeleev's time indicates that a better arrangement than atomic mass for elements in the periodic table is an arrangement by..
atomic number
Mosely's work led to the realization that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing...
atomic number
one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms when the atoms are joined is called
atomic radius
Dalton incorporated the law of conservation of mass into his atomic theory by asserting that
atoms are indivisible
Which of the following statements is true according to modern atomic theory
atoms of the same element may have different masses
To determine the molar mass if an element, one must know the element's..
average atomic mass
the atomic mass of an element listed in the periodic table is the...
average atomic mass
The strength of London dispersion forced between forces between molecules depends on
both the number of electrons in the molecule and the mass of the molecule
a nonmetal is usually..
brittle
Which of the following is not a physical?
burning
An ionic bond results from electrical attraction between
cations and anions
The metric unit of length that is closest to the diameter of a pencil in the
centimeter
A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together is called a(n)
chemical bond
The electrostatic attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons permits two atoms to be held together by a..
chemical bond
Nuclear forces exists because the particles in the nucleus are...
close together
In nature, the alkali metals occur as
compounds
The nucleus of an atom has all of the following characteristics except that it...
contains nearly all of the atoms's volume
The strong forces of attraction between the positive and negative regions of molecules are called
dipole dipole forces
all of the following are steps in the scientific method except
discarding data inconsistent with the hypothesis
What is placed between a molecule's resonance structures to indicate resonance?
double headed arrow
The average atomic mass of an element...
may not equal the mass of any of its isotopes
The reason the boiling point of water is higher than the boiling point of hydrogen sulfide is partially explained by
hydrogen bonding
A statement that can be tested experimentally is a
hypothesis
Across a period, ionization energies of d-block elements generally
increase
Among the d-block elements, as atomic radii decrease, electronegativity values
increase
As the atomic number of the metals of Group 1 increases, the ionic radius
increases
For each successive electron removed from an atom, the ionization energy
increases
Within a group of elements, as the atomic number increases, the atomic radius
increases
The number of atoms in a mole of any pure substance is called
its mass number
Which of these equations does not describe an inverse proportionality between x and y?
k=x/y
The symbols for units of length in order from largest to smallest are
km, m, cm, mm
The only property listed that is not characteristic of ionic compounds is
lack of crystal structure
Matter includes all of the following except...
light
technological developments often occurs..
long after the basis research is complete
Which of these symbols represents a unit of volume?
mL
A measure of the quantity of matter is..
mass
All of the following are examples of units except..
mass
Which of these is a measure of the amount of material
mass
a true statement about mass is that..
mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are apart of a balance
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is its
mass number
The boiling point of water is higher than the boiling point of hydrogen sulfide is because water molecules are
more polar and form hydrogen bonds
the average atomic mass if an element is the average of the atomic masses is its
natural occurring isotopes
The first member of the noble gas family, whose highest energy level consists of an octet of electrons, is
neon
Elements to the right side of the periodic table (p-block elements) have properties most associated with
nonmetals
If n stands for the highest occupied energy level, the outer configuration for all Group 1 elements is
ns^1
The principle that states that atoms tend to form compounds in which each atom has eight electrons in its highest occupies energy level is called the
octet rule
When determining the size of an atom by measuring the distance between bonded, identical, adjacent nuclei, the radius of an atom is
one half the distance between nuclei
The nucleus of deuterium contains one proton and
one neutron
All isotopes of hydrogen contain
one proton
Neutral atoms with an s2p6 electron configuration in the highest energy level belong to which block of the periodic table?
p block
the electron configurations of the noble gases from neon to radon in the periodic table make these elements part of the..
p block
In Rutherford's experiments, most of the particles...
passed through the foil
a horizontal row of blocks in the periodic table is called a
period
Refer to the image. Potassium and bromine belong to..
period 4
A chemist obtained the values 5.2246 g, 5.2353 g, and 5.2501 g for the mass of a sample. Without knowing the true mass of the sample, it can be said that these values have
poor precision
Two variables are inversely proportional if their ____ has a constant value.
product
Mendeleev did not always list elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass because he grouped together elements with similar...
properties
The hydrogen isotope with the least mass is named
protium
The atomic number of oxygen, 8, indicates that there are eight
protons in the nucleus of an oxygen atom
As the mass number of an element's isotopes of an element increases, the number of protons
remains the same
Visible light, X rays, infrared radiation, and radio waves all have the same..
speed
Lattice energy is an indication of the
strength of an ionic bond
The lattice energy is a measure of the
strength of an ionic bond
The two most important properties of all matter are...
taking up space and having mass
Biochemistry is the study of..
the chemistry of living things
Protons within a nucleus are attracted to each other by
the nuclear force
Which is the best reason that the atomic radius generally increases with atomic number in each group of elements?
the number of occupied energy levels increases
Avogadro's number is
the number of particles in 1 mole of a pure substance
An atom is electrically neutral because
the numbers of protons and electrons are equal
The principle that states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers is...
the periodic law
An atom is..
the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity
Bond length is the distance between two bonded atoms at
their minimum potential energy
A plausible explanation of a body of observed natural phenomena is a scientific
theory
How many isotopes of hydrogen are known?
three
Basic research is usually performed...
to gain knowledge
applied research is carried out in order too..
to solve a particular problem
Noble gases are in group 18, and are best known because they are..
unreactive
In the elements shown in the figure below, the s sublevel of the highest occupied energy level..
varies in the number of electrons it contains
The unit m^3 measures
volume
