Chemistry 2 - "Atomic Theory and Structure" - Blanton

Dalton (5)

"Father of Modern chemistry" 1. All matter was made of atoms. 2. all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. 3. Atoms are indivisble an indestrucable 4. Compounds are found by a combination of 2 or more different kind of atom. 5. A chemical reaction kind of Atom

What 3 conclusions did Rutherford make as a result of the gold foil experiment?

1. Nucleus is a small dense area in the atom 2. Nucleus has a postive charge 3. Most of the rest of the atom is empty in space

Name four types of orbitals

1. Principal 2. Angular/Orbital 3. Magnetic 4. Spin

Name three isotopes of hydrogen

1H, 2H, 3H

Orbital

3 dimensional regoin around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron.

A mole of carbon contains how many atoms?

6.022 x 1023 atoms

Orbital Notation

A method of representing the arrangement of electrons within an atom's orbitals

What is the symbol and charge, mass number (AMU) and the actual mass of a electron?

A. e- B. 0.0005486 C. 9.109 x 10 -31

What is the symbol and charge, mass number (AMU) and the actual mass of a neutron?

A. n0 B. 1.008665 C. 1.67 x 10 -27

What is the symbol and charge, mass number (AMU) and the actual mass of a proton?

A. p+ B. 1.007276 C. 1.673 x 10 -27

Excited state

Atom that has high energy state

Isotopes

Atoms of a chemical element whose nuclei have the same atom number but differen't atomic weight

Newton

Brought items of atoms in experiments and observations

| Vocab |

Define the following terms. If needed, add the numbers.

Frequency

Defined as the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second

Meitner

Discovered nuclear fission

Millikan

Discovered the size of electrons, did the oil drop method

Seaborg

Discovered transuranium elements, identification of more then 100 isotopes of the periodic table

Wavelength

Distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves

Aufbau principal

Electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can recieve it

Continous spectrum

Emission of a continous range of frequences of electromagnetic radiation.

| Philosophers/Scientists/Chemists |

Explain what these scientists discovered, and if done, also include what experiment they did.

Rutherford

Gold foil experiment, 1. Nucleus is a small dense area in the atom. 2. Nucleus is postive charge 3. Most of the atom is empty in space

Thompson

Identified electrons having a negative charge

| Subatomic Particles |

List the symbol and charge, mass number (AMU), and actual mass of the particles listed below.

Ground state

Low energy state of atom

Heisenberg

Made a principle that it's impossible to determine both the position and velocity of an electron

Fermi

Made the first nuclear chain reactor

Palmgren

Minivan rule

Plum pudding model

Negative electrons were spread evenly througout the positive charge of the rest of the atom.

Avagadaro's Number

Number of particles in exactly one mole per substance (6.02214179 x 1023)

Hund's rule

Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, tall electrons in a singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state.

Aristotle

Set back science 2,000 years, said Democritus's ideas were against the Greek gods.

Describe in detail, what happens to a single electron when energy is added to it?

The electron gain more energy and goes into excited state.

Bohr

Theroized electrons can orbit only at certain allowed ditances from the nucleus, atoms radiate energy when an electron jumps frmo a higher energy orbit to a lower energy orbit

Schrodinger

Thought experiments, thought electrons have properties of particles and waves

Democritus

Thought matter was composed of indestructable matter

Photon

Unit or quantom of light

Mole

amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12

Bright-Line Spectrum

colors produced when electrons fall to a lower energy level and release energy in the form of light.

If a imaginary element has a mass number of 162 and atomic number of 80, how many proton and neutrons does this element have?

p+ = 80 n0 = 82