Sociology final

Charles Horton Cooley

"Looking glass self" - our self-image develops from how we think others perceive us.

subculture

A group united by sets of concepts, values, traits and/or behavioral patterns that distinguish it from others within the same culture/ society.

Socioeconomic status

A person's position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, place of residence, and other factors

Class system

A social ranking based primarily on ECONOMICALLY position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility.

expressive roles

According to Talcott Parson's theory, Women are better for what type of role?

Instrumental roles

According to Talcott Parson's theory, men are better for what type of role?

Jim crow laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

cohabitation

Living together without being married

C Wright mills

Make the familiar strange

Nuclear family

Mother, father and children living as a unit

Family, peers, school, media

Name the 4 agents of socialization

sex

Natural or biological differences that distinguish male and females

Prejudice

Negative THOUGHTS and FEELINGS about an ethnic or racial group

Social darwinism

Notion that some groups or races evolved more than others and were better fit to survive and even rule other races.

eugenic movement

Notion that traits could be traced through bloodline and bred into populations or out of them.

Estate system

Politically based system of stratification characterized by limited social mobility.

1 drop rule

Rule that evolved from U.S. Laws forbidding miscegenation.

C Wright Mills

Social Imagination was coined by who?

Gender

Social construct that consists of a set of social arrangements that are built around sex

Structural functionalist

Socialization of men and women into different roles creates an efficient division of labor in society whereby men can focus on being breadwinners for the family and women can become experts in domestic issues

Jean jacques rousseau

Sociologist that argued that private property created social inequality that lead to conflict. He believed that the general will should be placed above individual interests

Contagion theory

collective action, individuals who joined a crowd become infected by mob mentality and lose the ability to reason

emergent norm theory

collective behavior, individual members of a crowd made their own decisions about behavior and norms are created through these behaviors

Social classes in the United states

upper class, upper-middle class, lower middle class, the working class, and the lower class

Jean jacques rousseau

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts.

Collective behavior

A collaborative effort that takes place in groups and diverges from the social norms of the situation.

poverty

A condition of deprivation due to economic circumstances that is severe enough that the individual in this condition cannot live with dignity in his or her society.

macrosociology

A focus on the broad features of society to analyze such things as social class and how groups relate to one another is called _____

Race

A group of people who share a set of characteristics; usually physical ones, and are said to share a common bloodline. Social construct.

Subculture

A group united by sets of concepts, values, traits and/or behavioral patterns that distinguish it from others within the same culture/ society

Physical and political

As per Rousseau, what are the 2 types of inequalities

Riot

CONTINUOUS behavior by a group of people that disturbs the peace and is directed toward other ppl and/or property.

Looking glass self

Charles Horton Cooley

crowd, riot, mass behavior

Collective action can take place in these 3 different forms.

culture

Collective beliefs, customs, and behaviors of a group

Symbolic culture

Encompasses values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms

India

Example of caste system.

books, fashion and monuments

Example of material culture

Discrimination

Harmful or negative ACT or unequal TREATMENT against ppl deemed inferior on the basis of their racial category

Caste system

Hereditary notions of religious and theological purity. Offers no prospect for social mobility.

Early school year

In what age range do children learn of the self through GAME

under 3 years old

In what age range do children learn of the self through LANGUAGE

> 3 years old

In what age range do children learn of the self through PLAY

Racism

The belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal human traits

micro sociology

The level of analysis that face to face and small group interactions in order to understand how they affect larger patterns of society

Nature vs nurture

The long standing debate the looks to determine whether genes or environment contributes more.

Socialization

The process by which a person internalizes the values, beliefs and norms of society

Stratification

The systematic inequalities between groups of ppl that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships.

Culture of poverty

Theory that argues that poor ppl adopt certain practices/ attitudes which defer from those of middle-class "mainstream" society.

George Herbert Mead

This sociologist believed that the self was created through social interactions beginning in childhood.

Social Imagination.

To understand social life, we must understand the interaction between biography and history.

Thomas Malthus

Viewed inequality as favorably as a mean for controlling population growth

American South before Civil War

What is an example of Estate system of stratification?

Men were suited for an instrumental role while women for expressive roles

What is the Parson's sex role theory?

Miscegenation laws

What sort of laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual contact?

Crowd

a TEMPORARY gathering of people who share a common interest or participate in a particular event

Extended family

a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.

relative poverty

a measurement of poverty based on a percentage of the median income in a given location

mass collective action

collective action in which close physical proximity is not necessary such as a letter writing campaign

Conflict theorists

believe men have historically had access to most of society's resources and it is thus in their interest to maintain this imbalance

Sexuality

desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior

material culture

tangible, physical items produced and used by members of a specific culture group and reflective of their traditions, lifestyles, and technologies

language, play and game

the 3 activities that according to Mead develops "the self"

Agents of socialization

the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society

Absolute poverty

the point at which a household's income falls below the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members

Social change

the transformation of culture and social institutions over time

Second shift

the unpaid housework women typically do after they come home from their paid employment