Sociology final
Charles Horton Cooley
"Looking glass self" - our self-image develops from how we think others perceive us.
subculture
A group united by sets of concepts, values, traits and/or behavioral patterns that distinguish it from others within the same culture/ society.
Socioeconomic status
A person's position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, place of residence, and other factors
Class system
A social ranking based primarily on ECONOMICALLY position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility.
expressive roles
According to Talcott Parson's theory, Women are better for what type of role?
Instrumental roles
According to Talcott Parson's theory, men are better for what type of role?
Jim crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
cohabitation
Living together without being married
C Wright mills
Make the familiar strange
Nuclear family
Mother, father and children living as a unit
Family, peers, school, media
Name the 4 agents of socialization
sex
Natural or biological differences that distinguish male and females
Prejudice
Negative THOUGHTS and FEELINGS about an ethnic or racial group
Social darwinism
Notion that some groups or races evolved more than others and were better fit to survive and even rule other races.
eugenic movement
Notion that traits could be traced through bloodline and bred into populations or out of them.
Estate system
Politically based system of stratification characterized by limited social mobility.
1 drop rule
Rule that evolved from U.S. Laws forbidding miscegenation.
C Wright Mills
Social Imagination was coined by who?
Gender
Social construct that consists of a set of social arrangements that are built around sex
Structural functionalist
Socialization of men and women into different roles creates an efficient division of labor in society whereby men can focus on being breadwinners for the family and women can become experts in domestic issues
Jean jacques rousseau
Sociologist that argued that private property created social inequality that lead to conflict. He believed that the general will should be placed above individual interests
Contagion theory
collective action, individuals who joined a crowd become infected by mob mentality and lose the ability to reason
emergent norm theory
collective behavior, individual members of a crowd made their own decisions about behavior and norms are created through these behaviors
Social classes in the United states
upper class, upper-middle class, lower middle class, the working class, and the lower class
Jean jacques rousseau
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts.
Collective behavior
A collaborative effort that takes place in groups and diverges from the social norms of the situation.
poverty
A condition of deprivation due to economic circumstances that is severe enough that the individual in this condition cannot live with dignity in his or her society.
macrosociology
A focus on the broad features of society to analyze such things as social class and how groups relate to one another is called _____
Race
A group of people who share a set of characteristics; usually physical ones, and are said to share a common bloodline. Social construct.
Subculture
A group united by sets of concepts, values, traits and/or behavioral patterns that distinguish it from others within the same culture/ society
Physical and political
As per Rousseau, what are the 2 types of inequalities
Riot
CONTINUOUS behavior by a group of people that disturbs the peace and is directed toward other ppl and/or property.
Looking glass self
Charles Horton Cooley
crowd, riot, mass behavior
Collective action can take place in these 3 different forms.
culture
Collective beliefs, customs, and behaviors of a group
Symbolic culture
Encompasses values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms
India
Example of caste system.
books, fashion and monuments
Example of material culture
Discrimination
Harmful or negative ACT or unequal TREATMENT against ppl deemed inferior on the basis of their racial category
Caste system
Hereditary notions of religious and theological purity. Offers no prospect for social mobility.
Early school year
In what age range do children learn of the self through GAME
under 3 years old
In what age range do children learn of the self through LANGUAGE
> 3 years old
In what age range do children learn of the self through PLAY
Racism
The belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal human traits
micro sociology
The level of analysis that face to face and small group interactions in order to understand how they affect larger patterns of society
Nature vs nurture
The long standing debate the looks to determine whether genes or environment contributes more.
Socialization
The process by which a person internalizes the values, beliefs and norms of society
Stratification
The systematic inequalities between groups of ppl that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships.
Culture of poverty
Theory that argues that poor ppl adopt certain practices/ attitudes which defer from those of middle-class "mainstream" society.
George Herbert Mead
This sociologist believed that the self was created through social interactions beginning in childhood.
Social Imagination.
To understand social life, we must understand the interaction between biography and history.
Thomas Malthus
Viewed inequality as favorably as a mean for controlling population growth
American South before Civil War
What is an example of Estate system of stratification?
Men were suited for an instrumental role while women for expressive roles
What is the Parson's sex role theory?
Miscegenation laws
What sort of laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual contact?
Crowd
a TEMPORARY gathering of people who share a common interest or participate in a particular event
Extended family
a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.
relative poverty
a measurement of poverty based on a percentage of the median income in a given location
mass collective action
collective action in which close physical proximity is not necessary such as a letter writing campaign
Conflict theorists
believe men have historically had access to most of society's resources and it is thus in their interest to maintain this imbalance
Sexuality
desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior
material culture
tangible, physical items produced and used by members of a specific culture group and reflective of their traditions, lifestyles, and technologies
language, play and game
the 3 activities that according to Mead develops "the self"
Agents of socialization
the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society
Absolute poverty
the point at which a household's income falls below the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members
Social change
the transformation of culture and social institutions over time
Second shift
the unpaid housework women typically do after they come home from their paid employment