Chemistry Ch. 4

What was Aristotle's objection to the atomic theory?

Aristotle believed that there was no empty space, therefore atoms could not move through empty space. He also believed that matter is made of earth, fire, air and water.

Explain why atoms are electrically neutral.

Atoms are electrically neutral because they contain and equal amount of protons and neutrons which cancel out, making the atom neutral.

Which parts of Dalton's theory were erroneous?

Dalton believed that atoms are indivisible and indestructible. This is erroneous because and atom can be divided which will create an atomic explosion, destroying that single atom.

Who originally proposed the concept the matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles?

Democritus

Distinguish between Democritus's ideas and Dalton's atomic theory.

Democritus believed that matter is composed of atoms, which move through empty space, atoms are solid, homogeneous, indestructible, and indivisible, different kinds of atoms have different sizes and shapes, and size, shape and movement of atoms determine the properties of matter. Democritus believed these things because there was a small amount of study in the science field in his time. Dalton was able to develop his atomic theory because of the large advancement of science in his time.

Explain why Democritus was unable to experimentally verify his ideas.

Democritus was unable to explain his ideas because he didn't have the resources he need to prove the existence of atoms.

Was Democritus's proposal of the existence of atoms based on scientific methods or ideas?

Democritus's proposal of the existence of atoms is based on ideas because he didn't have the equipment or research to prove that there are atoms.

Whose work is credited with being the beginning of modern atomic theory?

John Dalton

Define matter.

Matter is the substance or substances of which any physical object consists or is composed of.

How was the overall charge distributed in the plum pudding model?

Negatively charged electrons were distributed throughout a pool of positively charged liquid.

Which particles account for most of an atom's mass?

Neutrons account for most of an atom's mass.

What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? What is the charge of the nucleus?

The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are neutrons and protons. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutrally charged.

Arrange the following subatomic particles in order of increasing increasing mass: neutron, electron, and proton.

electron<proton=neutron

How did the charge distribution in the plum pudding model affect the alpha particles passing through the atom?

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