chemistry chapter one review

a nonmetal is usually

brittle

which of the following is not a physical change

burning

organic chemistry is the study of

carbon containing compounds

which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture

air

a solid substance is

always the same shape regardless of the container

two scientists are trying to determine the exact nature of the chemicals in a lava flow. they are working in the field of ____________ chemistry

analytical

a chemical can be defined as

any substance that has a definite composition

plasma is the fourth state of matter. in the plasma state

atoms lose electrons

matter that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape is in the _________ state

gas

the particles of a substance in the ____ are able to slide past each other

gas molecules

a team of scientists is working to discover how an enzyme affects blood cells in sheep. they are working in the field of _____________ chemistry

bio

basic research is performed to increase

knowledge

technological development is performed to better our

life

matter includes all of the following except

light

a scientist is working to develop better dating methods for substances that contain carbon. he is working in the field of _____________ chemistry

organic

all known chemical elements are organized into groups based on similar chemical properties in the

periodic chart

the horizontal rows on the periodic table are called

periods

a scientist is working to determine the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy of a newly discovered mineral. she is working in the field of ____________ chemistry

physical

the melting of butter is a _____ change because it does not produce any new substances

physical

when examining a mineral, hardness and color are two important properties used for identification. hardness and color are examples of _______________ properties

physical

applied research is often performed to find the answer to a particular

problem

a mixture is

a blend of any two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties

it is easy to determine whether a substance is a metal if the substance is

a good electrical and heat conductor

a chemical change occurs when

a leaf changes color in the fall

a homogeneous mixture is also called

a solution

a compound is

a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances

an apple turning brown after being cut is an example of a ____ change

chemical

any substance with a definite composition is a

chemical

iron and sulfur, when heated, form an iron sulfide that has different properties from either iron or sulfur. the formation of iron sulfide is an example of a ________ change.

chemical

the study of matter and changes that occur in matter best describes the science of

chemistry

some iron and sulfur are mixed together, then heated. when the result is cooled, the iron can no longer be separated from the sulfur with a magnet. the result of heating the mixture was the formation of a _______

compound

the two types of matter that are pure substances are _____ and _____

compound and elements

which of the following is an intensive property of matter

density

why can a gas fill the entire volume of its container?

gas particles move all around at high speed thats why they are able to fit in any container ans spread out

a physical change occurs when a

glue gun melts a glue stick

which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture

granite

the vertical columns on the periodic table are called

groups

the liquid state of matter can be described as

having a definite volume but not a definite shape

gravel is an example of a ________ mixture

heterogeneous

if a mixture is not uniform throughout, it is called

heterogeneous

an alloy such as a gold ring is an example of a(n) ____________________ mixture.

homogeneous

if a mixture is uniform in composition, it is said to be

homogeneous

a chemistry student is studying the formation of quartz crystals. she is studying _______________ chemistry

inorganic

what happens to the energy in a substance when it changes state

it changes form, but is neither destroyed nor increased

explain why it is incorrect to assume that all chemicals are potentially dangerous or hazardous. give two examples of chemicals that are necessary for human life.

it is incorrect to assume to assume that all chemicals are dangerous because they can help better our life. oxygen, water, and sugar are necessary for human life.

a sample of matter can be poured from container to container. It takes the shape of its container but only takes up a certain volume. Based on this information, the sample is in the ____________________ state.

liquid

a state of matter in which a material has no definite shape but has a definite volume is the ____ state.

liquid

technological development often occurs

long after the basis research is complete

a measure of the quantity of matter is

mass

distinguish between mass and weight

mass is a measure of the amount of matter while weight is as the force of gravity increases , the object's mass increases.

a true statement about mass is that

mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance

in one experiment, magnesium metal is melted. in a second experiment, magnesium metal is burned. classify the change in each experiment as chemical or physical. explain your reasoning.

melted is physical because the properties were not changed and the second is a chemical change because it produces a new substance.

which of the following is not a chemical change

melting

inorganic chemistry is the study of

non-carbon related compounds

in a bonfire, oxygen allows wood to combust, leaving behind ashes. in this process, oxygen and wood are the reactants, and ashes are the _____

product

nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, both colorless gases, form a red-brown gas when mixed. nitrogen monoxide and oxygen are called the

reactants

the oxygen in air causes iron to rust. iron and oxygen are ___________ in this process and rust is the product.

reactants

metalloids are often

semiconductors

applied research is carried out in order to

solve a particular problem

the two most important properties of all matter are

taking up space and having mass

biochemistry is the study of

the chemistry of living things

an atom is

the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity

when water boils, steam forms. when vinegar and baking soda combine, carbon dioxide gas is released. which change is physical and which change is chemical? how do you know?

the steam change is a physical change while the carbon dioxide is chemical

a scientist is using mathematical models to isolate a new chemical process. he is working in the field of _____________ chemistry

theoretical

explain why flammability and combustibility are chemical properties

they are types of burning and a new compound is produced

basic research is usually performed

to gain knowledge

noble gases are in group 18, and are best known because they are

unreactive

under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are

very far from one another

the only pure substance listed below is

vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

which of the following is an extensive property of matter

volume