chemistry chapter one review
a nonmetal is usually
brittle
which of the following is not a physical change
burning
organic chemistry is the study of
carbon containing compounds
which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture
air
a solid substance is
always the same shape regardless of the container
two scientists are trying to determine the exact nature of the chemicals in a lava flow. they are working in the field of ____________ chemistry
analytical
a chemical can be defined as
any substance that has a definite composition
plasma is the fourth state of matter. in the plasma state
atoms lose electrons
matter that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape is in the _________ state
gas
the particles of a substance in the ____ are able to slide past each other
gas molecules
a team of scientists is working to discover how an enzyme affects blood cells in sheep. they are working in the field of _____________ chemistry
bio
basic research is performed to increase
knowledge
technological development is performed to better our
life
matter includes all of the following except
light
a scientist is working to develop better dating methods for substances that contain carbon. he is working in the field of _____________ chemistry
organic
all known chemical elements are organized into groups based on similar chemical properties in the
periodic chart
the horizontal rows on the periodic table are called
periods
a scientist is working to determine the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy of a newly discovered mineral. she is working in the field of ____________ chemistry
physical
the melting of butter is a _____ change because it does not produce any new substances
physical
when examining a mineral, hardness and color are two important properties used for identification. hardness and color are examples of _______________ properties
physical
applied research is often performed to find the answer to a particular
problem
a mixture is
a blend of any two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties
it is easy to determine whether a substance is a metal if the substance is
a good electrical and heat conductor
a chemical change occurs when
a leaf changes color in the fall
a homogeneous mixture is also called
a solution
a compound is
a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances
an apple turning brown after being cut is an example of a ____ change
chemical
any substance with a definite composition is a
chemical
iron and sulfur, when heated, form an iron sulfide that has different properties from either iron or sulfur. the formation of iron sulfide is an example of a ________ change.
chemical
the study of matter and changes that occur in matter best describes the science of
chemistry
some iron and sulfur are mixed together, then heated. when the result is cooled, the iron can no longer be separated from the sulfur with a magnet. the result of heating the mixture was the formation of a _______
compound
the two types of matter that are pure substances are _____ and _____
compound and elements
which of the following is an intensive property of matter
density
why can a gas fill the entire volume of its container?
gas particles move all around at high speed thats why they are able to fit in any container ans spread out
a physical change occurs when a
glue gun melts a glue stick
which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture
granite
the vertical columns on the periodic table are called
groups
the liquid state of matter can be described as
having a definite volume but not a definite shape
gravel is an example of a ________ mixture
heterogeneous
if a mixture is not uniform throughout, it is called
heterogeneous
an alloy such as a gold ring is an example of a(n) ____________________ mixture.
homogeneous
if a mixture is uniform in composition, it is said to be
homogeneous
a chemistry student is studying the formation of quartz crystals. she is studying _______________ chemistry
inorganic
what happens to the energy in a substance when it changes state
it changes form, but is neither destroyed nor increased
explain why it is incorrect to assume that all chemicals are potentially dangerous or hazardous. give two examples of chemicals that are necessary for human life.
it is incorrect to assume to assume that all chemicals are dangerous because they can help better our life. oxygen, water, and sugar are necessary for human life.
a sample of matter can be poured from container to container. It takes the shape of its container but only takes up a certain volume. Based on this information, the sample is in the ____________________ state.
liquid
a state of matter in which a material has no definite shape but has a definite volume is the ____ state.
liquid
technological development often occurs
long after the basis research is complete
a measure of the quantity of matter is
mass
distinguish between mass and weight
mass is a measure of the amount of matter while weight is as the force of gravity increases , the object's mass increases.
a true statement about mass is that
mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance
in one experiment, magnesium metal is melted. in a second experiment, magnesium metal is burned. classify the change in each experiment as chemical or physical. explain your reasoning.
melted is physical because the properties were not changed and the second is a chemical change because it produces a new substance.
which of the following is not a chemical change
melting
inorganic chemistry is the study of
non-carbon related compounds
in a bonfire, oxygen allows wood to combust, leaving behind ashes. in this process, oxygen and wood are the reactants, and ashes are the _____
product
nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, both colorless gases, form a red-brown gas when mixed. nitrogen monoxide and oxygen are called the
reactants
the oxygen in air causes iron to rust. iron and oxygen are ___________ in this process and rust is the product.
reactants
metalloids are often
semiconductors
applied research is carried out in order to
solve a particular problem
the two most important properties of all matter are
taking up space and having mass
biochemistry is the study of
the chemistry of living things
an atom is
the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity
when water boils, steam forms. when vinegar and baking soda combine, carbon dioxide gas is released. which change is physical and which change is chemical? how do you know?
the steam change is a physical change while the carbon dioxide is chemical
a scientist is using mathematical models to isolate a new chemical process. he is working in the field of _____________ chemistry
theoretical
explain why flammability and combustibility are chemical properties
they are types of burning and a new compound is produced
basic research is usually performed
to gain knowledge
noble gases are in group 18, and are best known because they are
unreactive
under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are
very far from one another
the only pure substance listed below is
vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
which of the following is an extensive property of matter
volume