Chemistry Exam 1

Substances A and B are the same mass and at the same initial temperature. When the same amount of heat is added to each, the final temperature of A is 55 °C higher than the temperature of B. What does this tell you about the specific heats of A and B?

A is easily manipulated and perhaps a lighter material while B is able to withstand more heat and hold it without changing temperature rapidly

You have a friend who is using a recipe for flan from a Mexican cookbook. You notice that he set your oven temperature at 225 °F. What would you advise him to do?

Convert the oven degree to Celsius

In a French car, the odometer reads 2351. What unit would this be?

Kilometers

a. A graduated cylinder contains 22.4 mL of water. What is the new water level, in milliliters, after 34.2 g of silver metal is submerged in the water? b. A fish tank holds 55 L of water. How many g of water are in the fish tank? c. The mass of an empty container is 99.24 g. The mass of the container and a liquid with a density of 0.344 g/mL is 344.29 g. What is the volume, in milliliters, of the liquid in the container? d. A cannon ball made of iron has a volume of 192 cm3. What is the mass, in kilograms, of the cannon ball?

D= M/V a. b. c. d.

What is the density (g/mL) for each of the following samples? a. the fluid in a car battery, if it has a volume of 105 cm3 and a mass of 115 g. b. A plastic material weighs 3.42 kg and has a volume of 5.1 L.

D= M/V a. b.

Complete the following metric relationships: a. 1 kg = __________ g b. 1 mL = ________ L c. 1 g = ___________ kg d. 1 g = __________ μg

a. 1 kg = 1000_________ g b. 1 mL = .0001_______ L c. 1 g = .0001_________ kg d. 1 g = 1,000,000____μg

What units would it be if this were an odometer in a car made for the United States?

Miles

Write each of the following measurements in scientific notation: a. 190,000,000 g b. 0.00023 m c. 345 °C d. 0.23 mL e. 0.054 s f. 4200 cm

a. 1.9 x 10 8 g b. 2.3 x 10 -4 m c. 3.45 x 10 2 C d. 2.3 x 10 -1 mL e. 5.4 x 10 - 2 s f. 4.2 x 3 3 cm

A person uses 842 kcal on a long hike. Calculate the energy used for the hike in each of the following energy units (1 kcal = 4.184 kJ): a. joules b. kilojoules

a. b.

Use conversion factors to solve the following clinical problems: a. A physician has ordered 2.1 g of tetracycline to be given every 3 h to a patient. If your stock on hand is 250-mg tablets, how many will you need for 2 days treatment? b. An intramuscular medication is given at 12.00 mg/kg of body weight. If you give 315 mg of medication to a patient, what is the patient's weight in kg? c. A physician orders 415 mg of atropine, intramuscularly. If atropine were available as 0.25 g/mL of solution, how many milliliters would you need to give?

a. b. c.

Solve each of the following problems using one or more conversion factors: a. You need 3.7 mg of a steroid ointment. How many grams of ointment does the pharmacist need to prepare? b. During surgery, a person receives 9.8 mL of plasma. How many L of plasma were given? c. Solar flares containing hot gases can rise to 1.2 × 105 meters above the surface of the Sun. What is that distance in kilometers? d. A filled gas tank contains 45.8 L of unleaded fuel. If a car uses 34.2 L, how many mL of fuel remain in the tank??

a. b. c. d.

Write the equality and conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following statements: a. One liter is 1.06 qt b. At the store, oranges are $1.29 per lb. c. There are 7 days in 1 week. d. One deciliter contains 100 mL e. An 18-carat gold ring contains 35% gold by mass.

a. 1 L/ 1.06 qt or 1.06 qt/ 1 L = exact, 1 sig fig b. 1 lb/ $1.29 or $ 1.29/ 1 lb = measured, 3 sig fig, exact c. 7 days/ 1 week or 1 feel/7 days = exact d. 1 dec./ 100 ml or 1oo ml/1 dec. = exact, 1 sig fig e. 18c/35% gbm or 35%gbm/ 18c = measured, 2 sig fig

Write the equality and conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following statements: a. the label on a bottle reads 10 mg of furosemide per mL. b. the daily requirement for iodine is 150 μg. c. the nitrate level in well water was 32 ppm. d. Gold jewelry contains 41% by mass gold. e. The price of a gallon of gasoline is $3.19. f. One capsule of fish oil contains 403 mg of omega-3 fatty acids.

a. 10 mg furosemide/1 mL or 1 mL/ 10 mg furosemide = measured b. 1 day/ 150 ug or 150 ug/ 1 day = exact c. well water/ 32 ppm or 32 ppm/ well water = measured d. 1 (?) of gold/ 41% or 41%/ of (?) gold = measured e. 1 gallon/ $3.19 per dollar or 3.19 per dollar / 1 gallon = exact f. 1 capsule/ 403 mg of omega 3 acid or 403 mg of omega 3 acid / 1 capsule = measured

Write the numerical values for each of the following prefixes: a. centi b. kilo c. milli d.micro

a. 100 b. 1000 c. .001 d. .000001

Perform each of the following calculations and give answers with the correct number of significant figures: a. 3 × 341 b. 3.51/ (5) (513) c. .341 x 5.8 x6.7 d. 2.5 x .551/ 4.61 x 21.0

a. 1023 = 1000 b. 360.126 = 360 c.13.25126 = 13 d. 6.27494577 = 6.3

Write the equality and conversion factors for each of the following pairs of units: a. centimeters and millimeters b. miligrams and kilograms c. kilograms and grams d. mililiters and liters

a. 1cm/10mm or 10 mm/1cm b. 1 kg/ 100,000 mg or 100,000 mg/ 1kg c. 1 kg/100 g or 100g/ 1kg d. 1000 mL/ 1 L or 1L/1000 ml

Identify the number in each of the following pairs that contains fewer significant figures: a. 28.33 g and 2.8 × 105 g b. 0.0250 m and 0.2005 m c. 0.0120 s and 12561 s d. 4.1 × 10—2 L and 4.10 × 105 L

a. 294 (2.8 x 105) b. .2005 m c. .0120 m d. .41 or 430.5 L (.41L)

Indicate the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements: a. 40.9 °C b. 9.00 m c. 0.000040 L d. 1208 y e. 8.006 × 109 g f. 30.20 L g. 3081.80 g h. 8.00 m i. 42.1 °C j. 6.0 × 10—4 L

a. 3 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4 e. 4 f. 4 g. 6 h. 3 i. 3 j. 2

Round off each of the following measurements to three significant figures. a. 3.645 kg b. 652.5840 L c. 0.0045856305 cm d. 7055 m e. 2.651 × 105 s

a. 3.66 kg b. 653 L c. .00466 cm d. 706 m e. 278 s

Write each of the following as standard numbers: a. 3.6 × 10—5 L b. 8.75 × 104 cm c. 3 × 10—2 mL d. 2.12 × 105 kg

a. 31 L b. 878.8 cm c. 28 mL d.231 kg

Perform each of the following calculations, and give answers with the correct number of decimal places: a. 8.03 g + 34.1 g b. 92.42 cm + 422.20 cm + 0.042 cm c. 15.421 mL - 11.21 mL d. 0.4229 L - 0.2451 L

a. 42.13 = 42.1 g b. 514.662 = 514.67 cm c. 4.211 = 4.21 mL d. .1778 =.1778

Which number in each of the following pairs is smaller? a. 4.9 × 10—3 s or 5.5 × 10—9 s b. 1250 kg or 3.4 x 102 kg c. 0.0000004 m or 5 × 10—8 m d. 2.50 × 102 g or 4 × 10—2 g

a. 46 or 46 equal b.1250 kg or 346.8 kg = 346kg smaller c. 4 x 10 -7 or 5 x 10 -7m = 5 x 10 -7 smaller d. 255 0r .4 g= .4 g smaller

Use metric conversion factors to solve the following problems: a. The daily requirement of phosphorus is 492 mg. How many grams of phosphorus are needed? b. A glass of orange juice contains 1.34 L of juice. How many milliliters of orange juice are in the glass? c. A package of chocolate instant pudding contains 4521 mg of sodium. How many grams of sodium are in the pudding?

a. 492 mg/1 * 1g/1000 mg =.429 g b. 1.34 ml/1 * 1L/ 1000 ml = .00134 mL c. 4521 mg/1 * 1g/1000 mg = 4.521 g

a. Hot compresses are prepared with water heated to 145 °F. What is the temperature of the hot water in degrees Celsius? b. During extreme hypothermia, a boy's temperature dropped to 19.9 °C. What was his temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?

a. 62.78 b. 67.82

Solve the following temperature conversions: a. 37 °C = ________ °F b. 187 °C = _________ °F c. -31 °F = ________ °C d. 81 °C = _________ K e. 452 K = ________ °C

a. 98.6 F b. 368.6 F c.-35 C d.354.15 K e. 178.85

State the name of the unit and the type of measurement indicated for each of the following quantities: a. 0.9 mL b. 2.4 cm c. 19 kg d. 41 h e. 373 K

a. Milliliters/ Volume b. Centimeters/ Length c. Kilograms/weight d. Hours/ time e. Temperature/ Kelvin

Write the complete name for each of the following units: a. cm b. kg c. μm d. mL

a. centimeter b. kilogram c. micrometer d. milliliter

Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property: a. Neon is a colorless gas at room temperature. b. Apple slices turn brown when exposed to air. c. Phosphorus will ignite when exposed to air. d. At room temperature, mercury is a liquid.

a. chemical b. physical c. chemical d. physical

Identify the number in each of the following as measured or exact and give the reason for your choice: a. There are 24 students in the laboratory. b. The oldest known flower lived 1.2 × 108 y ago. c. The largest gem ever found, an aquamarine, has a mass of 104 kg. d. A laboratory test shows a blood cholesterol level of 201 mg/100 mL.

a. exact: 24- we count them b. measured: 1.2 x 10 8 has a lot of error and is not exact c. measured: in weight d. measured: not an exact relationship a measured relationship

Classify each of the following mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous: a. nonfat milk b. chocolate-chip ice cream c. gasoline d. peanut butter sandwich e. cranberry juice

a. homogeneous b. heterogeneous c. homogeneous d. heterogeneous e. homogeneous

State whether each of the following involves an increase or decrease in potential energy: a. A gondola goes to the top of a mountain. b. Water is pumped to a high water tower. c. Gasoline is added to a gas tank.

a. increase b. increase c. increase

Indicate whether each of the following describes a gas, a liquid, or a solid: a. The substance has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container. b. The particles in their substance are very far apart. c. This substance occupies the entire volume of the container

a. liquid b. gas c. solid

What type of measurement: a. I rode my bicycle 21 km today. b. My doge weighs 22 kg. c. It is hot today. It is 33°C. d. I used 3.1 L of water to fill my fish tank

a. measured/ Kilometeres b.measured/ Kilograms c. measured/Celsius d. measured/ Liters

For each of the following pairs, which is the smaller unit? a. mg or g b. centimeter or millimeter c. mm or m d. mL or L e. mg or kg

a. mg b. millimeter c. mm d. mL e. mg

Classify each of the following as an element, compound, or mixture: a. a soft drink b. propane (C3H8) c. a cheese sandwich d. an iron (Fe) nail e. salt substitute (KCl)

a. mixture b. mixture c. mixture d. compound e. compound

Describe each property of the element zirconium as physical or chemical. a. melts at 1852 °C b. is resistant to corrosion c. has a grayish-white color d. ignites spontaneously in air when finely divided e. is a shiny metal

a. physical b. chemical and physical c. physical d. physical

40. What type of change, physical or chemical, takes place in each of the following? a. Gold is hammered into thin sheets. b. A silver pin tarnishes in the air. c. A tree is cut into boards at a sawmill. d. Food is digested. e. A chocolate bar melts.

a. physical b. chemical c. Physical f. Physical & chemical? e. Physical & chemical?

Indicate whether each of the following statements describes potential or kinetic energy: a. the energy in your food b. a tightly wound spring c. an earthquake d. a car speeding down the freeway

a. potential b. Potential c. kinetic d. kinetic

Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition: a. Dry ice in an ice-cream cart disappears. b. Snow on the ground turns to liquid water. c. heat is removed from 125 g of liquid water at 0 °C. d. Frost forms on a cold morning.

a. sublimation b. melting c. gas d. deposition

Identify each of the following changes of state as evaporation, boiling, or condensation: a. At 100 °C, the water in a pan changes to steam. b. On a cool morning, the windows in your car fog up. c. A shallow pond dries up in the summer. d. A teakettle whistles when the water is ready for tea.

a.boiling/ evaporation b. condensation c. evaporation d. boiling/ evaporation