Chemistry Final 2

What is the molar mass of AuCl3?

303.6 g

Which of the following would occur in an acidic solution? a. Blue litmus paper would turn red. b. Red litmus paper would turn blue. c. Phenolphthalein would turn hot pink. d. Cabbage juice would turn green.

a. Blue litmus paper would turn red.

Which gas will diffuse at a faster rate, CH4 with a molar mass of 16 g or SO2 with a molar mass of 64 g? a. CH4 b. SO2

a. CH4

An aqueous base has a pH of 8.1. Another has a pH of 10. Which solution has the larger concentration of [OH-] ions? a. The solution with a pH of 10 has a larger concentration of [OH-] ions. b. The solution with a pH of 8.1 has a larger concentration of [OH-] ions.

a. The solution with a pH of 10 has a larger concentration of [OH-] ions.

If you came upon an aqueous solution in the lab which reacted with a strip of magnesium, you could make the hypothesis that the compound in this solution is: a. an acid. b. a base. c. a salt.

a. an acid.

Solutions that conduct a current are called: a. electrolytes b. nonelectrolytes

a. electrolytes

This gas law describes the relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of molecules of an ideal gas. a. ideal gas law b. combined gas law c. Graham's law of diffusion d. Avogadro's law

a. ideal gas law

Does the average kinetic energy of the gas particles in an inflated inner tube increase or decrease if the sun heats the inner tube from 20°C to 30°C ? a. increase b. decrease

a. increase

increase the # of gas particles a. increase pressure b. decrease pressure

a. increase pressure

volume of the chamber decreases a. increase pressure b. decrease pressure

a. increase pressure

He stated that when a system in equilibrium is subject to stress (change in conditions), the system will adjust itself to annul as far as possible, the effect of the stress.

chatelier

chemical kinetics is a branch of physical chemistry concerned with the mechanisms and rates of these kinds of reactions

chemical

What type of representative particle is NaCl?

formula unit

The volume of one mole of a substance is 22.4L at STP for all.........

gases

The ions formed by nonmetals in Groups 6A and 7A (group 16 and 17)

have a numerical charge that is found by subtracting 8 from the group number

Name the following HBr

hydrobromic

Acids are formed by an anion combining with ___

hydrogen

When dissolved in water, acids produce.......

hydrogen ions

Name this acid HI

hydroiodic acid

Name the following H2S

hydrosulfuric acid

Which of the following are produced when a base is dissolved in water?- hydroxide ions, hydrogen ions, hydronium ions, ammonium ions

hydroxide ions

When atmospheric pressure increases, how does the height of the column of mercury change?

increases

one that inhibits, as a substance that retards or stops a chemical reaction

inhibitor

In any chemical compound the masses of elements are always in the same proportions by mass

law of definite proportions

When two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other elements are the ratio of small, while numbers

law of multiple proportions

A starting substance in a chemical reaction

reactant

An atom, an ion, or a molecule, depending upon the way a substance commonly exists

representative particle

type of reaction in which equilibrium constant is such that the reaction can be made to proceed at a detectable rate in either direction under appropriate conditions

reversible

KCl acid base salt

salt

KNO2 acid base salt

salt

NaCl acid base salt

salt

chemical compound formed when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal or its equivalent

salt

Why must we use the Kelvin scale in gas law problems?

so that no temperature has a negative value

0 degrees C and 1 atm

standard temperature and pressure

Calculation of quantities in chemical reactions using conversion factors

stoichiometry

an applied force or system of forces that tends to shift a reaction

stress

an acid with a high degree of dissociation in solution

strong acid

a base with a high degree of dissociation in solution

strong base

Name the following H2SO3

sulfurous acid

The molar mass of a gas can be determine from which of the following?- the volume of a mole of the gas, Avogadro's number, the density of the gas STP, the volume of the gas at STP

the density of the gas STP

What formula is needed to calculate the percent composition of a compound?

the formula of the compound and the atomic mass of its elements

Which of the following is equal to Avogrado's number?- the number of atoms of bromine in 1 mol Br2, the number of molecules of chlorine in 0.50 mol Cl2, the number of molecules of nitrogen in 1 mol N2, the number of atoms in 1 mol CO

the number of molecules of nitrogen in 1 mol N2

Which of the following is an example of gas diffusion? inflating a flat tire the odor of perfurme spreading throughout a room a cylinder of oxygen stored under high pressure all of the above

the odor of perfurme spreading throughout a room

What is true about the composition of ionic compounds

they are composed of anions and cations

Name the following HNO3

nitric acid

What is the correct name for the N 3- ion

nitride ion

Use the equation below to predict the direction in which the system will shift in response to the following stresses. CO(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ CH4(g) + H2O(g) + heat A catalyst is added to the system 1. shift to left 2. shift to right 3. no change

no change

Which of the following correctly shows a prefix used in naming binary molecular compounds with its corresponding number?- deca-,7 hexa-,8 nona-,9 octa-,4

nona-,9

What type of ions have names ending in -ide?

only anions

What does -ite or -ate ending in polyatomic ion mean?

oxygen is in the formula

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions

pH

What is the pH of a 2.5 x 10-6 M solution of HCl?

pH = -log [H+] = -log [2.5 x 10 -6]= pH = 5.6

What is the pH of a 0.020M HCl solution?

pH= - log [H+]= -log [2.0 x 10 -2]= pH 1.7

a white or pale yellow crystalline posder used as a powder used as an acid-base indicator, in making dyes, and formerly in medicine as a laxative

phenolphthalein

Which set of chemical name and checmical formula for the same compound is correct?- aluminum fluorate, AlF3 iron(II) oxide, Fe2O3 potassium chloride, K2Cl2 tin(IV) bromine, SnBr4

tin(IV)bromine, SnBr4

an acid that does not ionize greatly

weak acid

a chemical base that does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution

weak base

What determines that an element is a metal?

whether it loses valence electrons

The combined gas law relates which of these? A) temperature, pressure, and volume B) pressure and volume only C) temperature and pressure only D) volume and temperature only

A) temperature, pressure, and volume

What SI unit is used to measure the number of representative particles in a substance? A) ampere B) kilogram C) kelvin D) mole

D) mole

When an acid reacts with a base what type of reaction occurs? A) polymerization B) decomposition C) saponification D) neutralization

D) neutralization

Which of the following would be expected to dissolve readily in the nonpolar solvent CCl4? A) Ca(OH)2 B) KNO3 C) table salt D) oil

D) oil

The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution is called _____. A) concentration B) colloid C) suspension D) solvation

D) solvation

If salt is dissolved in water, water serves as the _____. A) dissolved medium B) solute C) none of these D) solvent

D) solvent

What is the ending for the names of all binary compounds, both ionic and molecular?

-ide

When the name of an anion that is part of an acid ends in -ite, the acid name includes the suffix.......

-ous

How many moles of aluminum are needed to react completely with 1.2 mol of FeO? 2Al(s)+3FeO(s)->3Fe(s)+AlsO3(s)

0.8 mol

If a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress. 1) Le Chatelier's principle 2) reversible reaction 3) law of chemical equilibrium 4) common ion effect

1) Le Chatelier's principle

A reversible reaction is _____. 1) a reaction that can occur in both forward and reverse directions at the same time 2) not very important to the study of chemical equilibrium 3) a reaction that alternates between going to the right and going to the left 4) a reaction that goes to completion

1) a reaction that can occur in both forward and reverse directions at the same time

Which of the following substances act as catalysts in the body? 1) enzymes 2) carbohydrates 3) water 4) lipids 5) nucleic acids

1) enzymes

A catalyst works by _____. 1) lowering the activation energy barrier 2) changing the particle size of the reactants 3) changing the temperature of the reactants 4) shifting the equilibrium position toward the products

1) lowering the activation energy barrier

Use the equation below to predict the direction in which the system will shift in response to the following stresses. CO(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ CH4(g) + H2O(g) + heat The pressure of the system is decreased 1. shift to left 2. shift to right 3. no change

1. shift to left

Use the equation below to predict the direction in which the system will shift in response to the following stresses. CO(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ CH4(g) + H2O(g) + heat The volume of the reaction vessel is increased 1. shift to left 2. shift to right 3. no change

1. shift to left

How many moles of H3PO4 are produced when 71.0gP4O10 reacts completely to form H3PO4? P4O10(s)+6H2O(l)->4H3PO4(aq)

1.00 mol

How many molecules are in 2.10 mol CO2?

1.25 x 10 24 molecules

How many moles of product will 9 moles of reactant change into in the reaction shown below? C5H12(l)+8O2(g)->5CO2(g)+6H2O(g)

11 moles of product

What is the volume, in liters, of 0.500 mol of C3H8 gas at STP?

11.2L

Which of the following gas samples would have the largest number of representative particles STP?- 0.007L SO3, 12.0L He, 7.0L O2

12.0L He

Why does a higher concentration make a reaction faster? 1) Collisions occur with greater energy. 2) There are more collisions per second only. 3) There are more collisions per second and the the collisions are of greater energy.

2) There are more collisions per second only.

In Beaker A, 2.0 grams of zinc powder is mixed with 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. In Beaker B, 2.0 grams of zinc powder is mixed with 6.0 M hydrochloric acid. In which beaker will the reaction occur faster? 1) A 2) B 3) both will occur at the same rate

2) B

In Beaker A, an antacid tablet is added to 50 mL of 20ºC water. In Beaker B, an antacid tablet is added 50 mL of 70ºC water. In which beaker will the reaction occur faster? 1) A 2) B 3) both will occur at the same rate

2) B

Use the equation below to predict the direction in which the system will shift in response to the following stresses. CO(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ CH4(g) + H2O(g) + heat H2 is added to the system 1. shift to left 2. shift to right 3. no change

2. shift to right

Use the equation below to predict the direction in which the system will shift in response to the following stresses. CO(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ CH4(g) + H2O(g) + heat The reaction is cooled down 1. shift to left 2. shift to right 3. no change

2. shift to right

Use the equation below to predict the direction in which the system will shift in response to the following stresses. CO(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ CH4(g) + H2O(g) + heat Water is removed from the system 1. shift to left 2. shift to right 3. no change

2. shift to right

What is the mass of solver in 3.4 g AgNO3?

2.2 g

How many moles of CaBr2 are in 5.0 grams of CaBr2?

2.5 x 10-2mol

What is the number of moles in 500 L of He has at STP?

22 mol

Which of the following gases at STP would have the greatest volume?

22 mol

Which expression represents the percent by mass of nitrogen in NH4NO3?- 28g N/80gNH4NO3x100%, 14gN/80gNH4NO3x100%, 80gNH4NO3/14gNx100%, 80gNH4NO3/28gNx100%

28gN/80gNH4NO3x100%

Why does a small particle size (increased surface area) generally cause a reaction to proceed faster? 1) There are more collisions per second and the collisions are of greater energy. 2) Collisions occur with greater energy. 3) There are more collisions per second only.

3) There are more collisions per second only.

A state in which the forward and reverse reactions balance each other because they take place at equal rates 1) reversible reactions 2) Le Chatelier's Principle 3) chemical equilibrium 4) common ion effect

3) chemical equilibrium

How many moles of silver atoms are in 1.8x10 20 atoms of solver?

3.0x10 -4

How many hydrogens atoms are in 5 molecules of isopropyl alcohol C2H7O?

35

What happens to a catalyst in a reaction? 1) It is incorporated into the reactants. 2) It is incorporated into the products. 3) It evaporates away. 4) It is unchanged.

4) It is unchanged.

If 20.0 grams of Ca combines completely with 16.0 grams of S to form a compound, what is the percent composition of Ca in the compound?

55.6%

What is the mass in grams of 5.90 mol C8H18?

673 g

What is neutralization reaction?

A reaction between an acid and a base that yields a salt and water.

How many atoms are there in 3.5 moles of arsenic atoms? A) 2.1 × 1024 atoms B) 1.7 × 1023 atoms C) 2.6 × 102 atoms D) 5.8 × 10-24 atoms E) 7.5 × 101 atoms

A) 2.1 × 1024 atoms

What is the mass in grams of 5.90 moles of octane, C8H18? A) 673 g B) 3.55 × 1024 g C) 0.0512 g D) 389 g E) 19.4 g

A) 673 g

Which of the following statements is true? A) ΔHfus = -ΔHsolid B) ΔHfus is always negative. C) ΔHsolid is always positive. D) ΔHfus = ΔHsolid

A) ΔHfus = -ΔHsolid

If a sample of oxygen occupies a volume of 2.15 L at a pressure of 58.0 kPa and a temperature of 25°C, what volume would this sample occupy at 101.3 kPa and 0°C? A) 1.13 L B) 3.44 L C) 1.35 L D) 4.10 L

A) 1.13 L

How many moles of glucose, C6H12O6, can be "burned biologically when 10.0 mol of oxygen is available? C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) --> 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) A) 1.67 mol B) 301 mol C) 60.0 mol D) 53.3 mol E) 0.930 mol

A) 1.67 mol

The volume (in L) that would be occupied by 5.00 mol of O2 at STP is _____. A) 112 L B) 22.4 L C) 0.411 L D) 41.6 L

A) 112 L

What is the pH when the hydrogen ion concentration is 7.0 x 10-3 M? A) 2.2 B) 1.9 C) 3.3 D) 4 E) 3

A) 2.2

What mass of sucrose, C12H22O11, is needed to make 500.0 mL of a 0.200 M solution? A) 34.2 g B) 100 g C) 17.1 g D) 68.4 g

A) 34.2 g

How many moles of helium atoms are there in 2.4 × 1024 helium atoms? A) 4.0 mol B) 10.0 mol C) 2.0 mol D) 6.0 mol E) 2.4 × 1024 mol

A) 4.0 mol

A sample of chlorine gas has a pressure of 7.25 kPa at 20.0°C. What will its pressure be at 60.0°C if its volume remains constant? A) 8.24 kPa B) 6.38 kPa C) 21.8 kPa D) 2.42 kPa

A) 8.24 kPa

What is the percent composition of carbon in heptane, C7H16? A) 84% B) 19% C) 16% D) 12% E) 68%

A) 84%

Which of the following would be expected to dissolve very readily in water? A) NaOH B) H2 C) CH4 D) CBr4

A) NaOH

Which of the following statements explains why ionic substances are soluble in water? A) Water molecules are polar. B) Water is a covalent substance. C) An oxygen atom has six valence electrons. D) The molar mass of water is 18.02 g/mol.

A) Water molecules are polar.

When an acid reacts with a base what compounds are formed? A) a salt and water B) metal oxides only C) a salt only D) water only

A) a salt and water

Mole ratios for a reaction are obtained from the _____. A) balanced chemical equation B) total mass of products C) molar masses D) periodic table

A) balanced chemical equation

A(n) _____ solution contains more hydroxide ions than it does hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. A) basic B) acidic C) neutral D) aqueous

A) basic

n general, as the termperature of a solution composed of a gas in a liquid is increased, the solubility of the gas _____. A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same

A) decreases

The lowest whole-number ratio of the elements in a compound is called the _____. A) empirical formula B) binary formula C) representative formula D) ionic compound E) molecular formula

A) empirical formula

When two substances react to form products, the reactant which is used up is called the _____. A) limiting reactant B) determining reactant C) excess reactant D) catalytic reactant

A) limiting reactant

Are phase changes physical or chemical reactions? A) physical B) chemical

A) physical

Which of the following is NOT a colligative property of a solution? A) solubility B) boiling-point elevation C) vapor-pressure lowering D) freezing-point depression

A) solubility

How does the solubility of a solid generally vary as the temperature increases? A) solubility increases B) solubility decreases C) solubility remains the same

A) solubility increases

If a crystal added to an aqueous solution causes many particles to come out of the solution, the original solution was _____. A) supersaturated B) an emulsion C) unsaturated D) saturated

A) supersaturated

Aluminum is a group 3A (group 13) metal. Which ion does Al typically form?

Al3+

If the density of a noble gas is 1.783 g/L at STP, the gas is..........

Ar

Classify the following as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base HF

Arrhenius acid

Classify the following as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base. H2CO3

Arrhenius acid

Classify the following as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base. Ca(OH)2

Arrhenius base

Tire manufacturers recommend checking air pressure when tires are cold, before driving. Why?

As you drive, the temperature of the air inside the tire increases, increasing the pressure since the volume remains constant.

Which of the following compounds has the lowest percent gold content by weight? AuOH, Au(OH)3, AuI3, AuCl3

AuI3

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles.

Avogadro's Principle

State Avogadro's law.

Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

The number of representative particles of a substance present in 1 mole of that substance

Avogadro's number

How many moles of tungsten atoms are there in 4.8 × 1025 atoms of tungsten? A) 1.3 × 10-2 moles B) 8.0 × 101 moles C) 8.0 × 102 moles D) 8.0 moles E) 1.3 × 10-1 moles

B) 8.0 × 101 moles

How many moles of H2 would be contained in 4.0 L of the gas at 202 kPa and 127°C? A) 0.77 mol B) 0.24 mol C) 6.38 mol D) 89.6 mol

B) 0.24 mol

What is the number of moles in 432 g of barium nitrate, Ba(NO3)2? A) 0.605 mol B) 1.65 mol C) 113 000 mol D) 3.66 mol E) 0.237 mol

B) 1.65 mol

f [H+] = 1.0 x 10-11 M, what is the pH of the solution? A) -1.0 B) 11.0 C) -3.0 D) 3.0

B) 11.0

What is the percent by volume of 400.0 g of a solution that contains 60.0 g of calcium chloride, CaCl2? A) 1.35% B) 15.0% C) 24.0% D) 6.70%

B) 15.0%

A temperature of -25°C is equivalent to _____. A) 25 K B) 248 K C) 298 K D) -25 K

B) 248 K

How much heat does it take to warm 16.0 g of pure water from 90.0°C to 100.0°C? (The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·°C.) A) 16.0 J B) 669 J C) 66.9 J D) 160 J

B) 669 J

What numerical value does 6.02 × 1023 represent? A) Schrodinger's number B) Avogadro's number C) Planck's constant D) Einstein's constant

B) Avogadro's number

Which of the following is NOT an empirical formula? A) MoO2Cl2 B) C2N2H8 C) C3H8O D) Sb2S3

B) C2N2H8

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory? A) All gas particles move in constant random motion. B) Strong attractive and repulsive forces exists between gas particles. C) Particles in a gas are small and spaced far apart. D) At a given temperature, particles in a gas have the same average kinetic energy. E) none of the above

B) Strong attractive and repulsive forces exists between gas particles.

Which of these changes would not cause an increase in the pressure of a gaseous system? A) Additional amounts of the same gas are added to the container. B) The container is made larger. C) The temperature is increased. D) Another gas is added to the container.

B) The container is made larger.

In the reaction NH4+ + H2O --> NH3 + H3O+, water is acting as a(n) _____. A) acid B) base C) conjugate acid D) conjugate base

B) base

As the temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases, the volume of the gas _____. A) increases B) decreases C) stays the same

B) decreases

The tendency of gaseous molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration is called _____. A) effusion B) diffusion C) suspension D) suffusion

B) diffusion

The escape of gas through a small hole in a container is _____. A) suffusion B) effusion C) suspension D) diffusion

B) effusion

A measurement of the disorder of a system is known as its _____. A) enthalpy B) entropy C) free energy D) internal energy

B) entropy

A mole of potassium chloride (KCl) contains 6.02 × 1023 _____. A) molecules KCl B) formula units KCl C) ions KCl D) atoms KCl

B) formula units KCl

As the temperature of a fixed volume of gas increases, the pressure will _____. A) decrease B) increase C) stay the same

B) increase

The temperature of a substance measures the _____ of the particles. A) heat B) kinetic energy C) potential energy D) specific heat

B) kinetic energy

Avogadro's number of representative particles is equal to one _____. A) kilogram B) mole C) gram D) liter

B) mole

A formula that specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound is called a _____. A) structural formula B) molecular formula C) percent composition D) empirical formula

B) molecular formula

A(n) _____ solution contains equal concentrations of hydroxide and hydrogen ions. A) basic B) neutral C) acidic D) aqueous

B) neutral

What does the ideal gas law allow a scientist to calculate that the other laws do not? A) volume B) number of moles C) ressure D) temperature E) energy

B) number of moles

n a neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and hydrochloric acid, HCl, the salt produced would be _____. A) sodium acid B) sodium chloride C) sodium hydrochloride D) hydrochloric hydroxide

B) sodium chloride

Making ice cubes is an example of _____. A) condensation B) solidification C) fusion D) vaporization

B) solidification

Which of the following formulas represents an ionic compound?- Bal2 CS2 N2O4 PCl3

Bal2

For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure.

Boyle's Law

How many molecules of water are produced when 1.0 mole of NO2 is produced according to the following balanced chemical equation? 4NH3(g) + 7O2(g) --> 4NO2(g) + 6H2O(g) A) 18 molecules B) 6.0 x 1023 molecules C) 9.0 x 1023 molecules D) 1.2 x 1024 molecules

C) 9.0 x 1023 molecules

What is the molecular formula for a compound that is 46.16% carbon, 5.16 % hydrogen and 48.68% fluorine if the molar mass of this compound is 156.12 g/mol? A) C3H4F2 B) C5H10F5 C) C6H8F4 D) C6H6F3

C) C6H8F4

Which of the following is an exothermic process? A) CH3OH(l) → CH3OH(g) B) C2H5OH(s) → C2H5OH(l) C) H2O(g) → H2O(l) D) CO2(s) → CO2(g)

C) H2O(g) → H2O(l)

A gas occupies a volume of 0.7 L at 10.1 kPa. What volume will the gas occupy at 101 kPa? A) 0.7 L B) 7 L C) 0.07 L D) 4 L

C) 0.07 L

What is the mass, in grams, of 0.125 L of CO2 at STP? A) 2.80 g B) 4.11 g C) 0.246 g D) 181 g

C) 0.246 g

How many moles of H3PO4 are produced when 71.0 g P4O10 reacts completely to form H3PO4? P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) --> 4H3PO4(aq) A) 16.0 mol B) 98.0 mol C) 1.00 mol D) 0.0635 mol E) 4.00 mol

C) 1.00 mol

What is the volume of alcohol present in 200.0 mL of a 55% by volume solution of alcohol? A) 28 mL B) 36 mL C) 110 mL D) 145 mL

C) 110 mL

How much heat, in kJ, is required to melt 54.0 g of ice at 0°C in water at 0°C if ΔHfus for water = 6.01 kJ/mol? A) 0.111 kJ B) 8.99 kJ C) 18.0 kJ D) 325 kJ

C) 18.0 kJ

The equation below shows the decomposition of lead(II) nitrate. How many grams of oxygen are produced when 11.5 g NO2 is formed? 2Pb(NO3)2(s) --> 2PbO(s) +4NO2(g) + O2(g) A) 32.0 g B) 1.00 g C) 2.00 g D) 2.88 g E) 46.0 g

C) 2.00 g

Which of the following solutes is most effective in lowering the vapor pressur of water? A) MgCl2 B) NaCl C) AlCl3 D) CCl4

C) AlCl3

What is the first step in solving any stoichiometric problem? A) Determine the molar amount of the known substance using mass-to-mole conversion. B) Determine the molar amount of the unknown substance from the molar amountof the known substance using mole-to-mole conversion. C) Balance the chemical equation representing the reaction. D) Determine the mass of the unknown stubstance using mole-to-mass conversion.

C) Balance the chemical equation representing the reaction.

What is the empirical formula of a substance that is 53.5% C, 15.5% H, and 31.1 %N by weight? A) C3HN2 B) C4.5H15.5N2.2 C) C2H7N D) CH4N7 E) C4H14N2

C) C2H7N

What is the empirical formula of a compound that is 40% sulfur and 60% oxygen? A) S2O3 B) SO2 C) SO3 D) S6O4 E) SO

C) SO3

What is the term used to describe a substance that can be both an acid and a base? A) Bronsted acid/base B) amphiprotic C) amphoteric D) Arrhenius acid/base

C) amphoteric

Why does a solute depress the freezing point? A) because the solute tends to sink to the bottom of the solution B) because the solute is colder than the solvent C) because the solute disrupts crystal formation by the solvent D) because the solute has bigger molecules than the solvent

C) because the solute disrupts crystal formation by the solvent

The mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance is known as _____. A) percent composition B) moles C) molar mass D) Avogadro's number

C) molar mass

A burning candle can be extinguished by using a snuffer, which consists of a small, metal cone on a long handle. What reactant does the snuffer limit when used to extinguish the candle? A) the candle B) carbon dioxide C) oxygen D) water vapor

C) oxygen

The ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in a molecule of dicyclohexyl maleate is 4 to 6 to 1. What is its molecular formula if its molar mass is 280 g?

C16H24O4

Which of the following is an empirical formula?- C2N2H8, C3H8O

C3H8O

Which of the following compounds have the same empirical formula?- C6H12 and C6H14, CO2 and SO2, C4H10 and C10H4, C7H14 and C10H20

C7H14 and C10H20

Which of the following is a cation? Ca2+ Sulfate Chlorite SO3 2-

Ca2+

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature, if the pressure is kept constant.

Charles' Law

In the reaction CO32- + H2O --> HCO3- + OH-, the hydroxide ion is acting as a(n) _____. A) acid B) base C) conjugate acid D) conjugate base

D) conjugate base

When two substances react to form products, the reactant which is left over is called the _____. A) limiting reactant B) determining reactant C) catalytic reactant D) excess reactant

D) excess reactant

In a chemical reaction, the mass of the products _____. A) has no relationship to the mass of the reactants B) is less than the mass of the reactants C) is greater than the mass of the reactants D) is equal to the mass of the reactants

D) is equal to the mass of the reactants

The temperature of a 6.0-g sample of glass changed from 20°C to 45°C when it absorbed 550 J of heat. What is the specific heat of this glass sample in J/(g·°C)? A) 2300 J/(g·°C) B) 130 J/(g·°C) C) 0.27 J/(g·°C) D) 3.7 J/(g·°C)

D) 3.7 J/(g·°C)

How much heat is required to convert 9.00 g of water at 100°C into steam at 100°C if ΔHvap for water = 40.7 kJ/mol? A) 81.4 kJ B) 366 kJ C) 18.0 kJ D) 20.4 kJ

D) 20.4 kJ

Given the following balanced chemical equation, N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3, what is the mole ratio for calculating moles of hydrogen from moles of nitrogen? A) 2 mol NH3 / 3 mol H2 B) 2 mol NH3 / 1 mol N2 C) 1 mol N2 / 3 mol H2 D) 3 mol H2 / 1 mol N2

D) 3 mol H2 / 1 mol N2

What is the molar mass of gold(III) chloride (AuCl3)? A) 96 g/mol B) 130 g/mol C) 232.5 g/mol D) 303.6 g/mol E) 626.5 g/mol

D) 303.6 g/mol

Phosphorus burns in air to produce a phosphorus oxide in the following reaction. What mass of phosphorus will be needed to produce 3.25 mol of P4O10? 4P + 5O2 --> P4O10 A) 1390 g B) 231 g C) 25.2 g D) 403 g

D) 403 g

How many joules are there in 148 calories? (1 cal = 4.184 J) A) 3320 J B) 6.61 J C) 35.4 J D) 619 J

D) 619 J

A sample of gas occupies 40.0 mL at -123°C. What volume does the sample occupy at 27°C? A) 8.80 mL B) 182 mL C) 20.0 mL D) 80.0 mL

D) 80.0 mL

Which of the following compounds have the same empirical formula? A) CO2 and SO2 B) C6H12 and C6H14 C) C4H10 and C10H4 D) C7H14 and C10H20 E) NO and NO2

D) C7H14 and C10H20

Among the gases listed, which would have the highest rate of effusion? A) SO2 B) NH3 C) NO2 D) CH4

D) CH4

In order for an endothermic reaction to ocur, the reactants must _____ energy. A) release B) conserve C) liberate D) absorb

D) absorb

A mole ratio is _____. A) a fraction B) a conversion factor C) a ratio D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following processes is endothermic? A) a popsicle melting B) water boiling C) photosynthesis D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following operations usually makes a substance dissolve faster in a solvent? A) raising the temperature B) crushing the substance to a powder C) agitation D) all of the abovecrushing the substance to a powder

D) all of the abovecrushing the substance to a powder

Absolute zero is _____. A) -273°C all of these B) the temperature at which the average kinetic energy of gas particles would theoretically be zero C) the lowest possible temperature D) all of these

D) all of these

Which among the following is an electrolyte? A) Mg(NO3)2 B) NH4OH C) KCl D) all of these E) none of these

D) all of these

What characterizes a strong acid or base? A) presence of a hydroxide or hydrogen ion B) polar covalent bonding C) ionic bonding D) complete ionization in water

D) complete ionization in water

A 12.0 M solution of an acid that ionizes completely in solution would be termed _____. A) concentrated and weak B) strong and dilute C) dilute and weak D) concentrated an strong

D) concentrated an strong

Steam in a shower hits the curtain and turns into a liquid. This is an example of _____. A) sublimation B) solidification C) fusion D) condensation

D) condensation

All of the following are equal to Avogadro's number EXCEPT _____. A) the number of formula units of sodium phosphate in 1 mol Na3PO4 B) the number of atoms of gold in 1 mol Au C) the number of molecules of nitrogen in 1 mol N2 D) the number of atoms of bromine in 1 mol Br2

D) the number of atoms of bromine in 1 mol Br2

How many molecules are there in 2.10 mol CO2? A) 1.05 × 10-23 molecules B) 3.49 × 10-24 molecules C) 2.53 × 1024 molecules D) 3.79 × 1024 molecules E) 1.26 × 1024 molecules

E) 1.26 × 1024 molecules

What is the molarity of a solution containing 9.0 moles of solute in 500.0 mL of solution? A) 0.45 M B) 0.18 M C) 1.8 M D) 4.5 M E) 18 M

E) 18 M

What is the percent composition of chromium in BaCrO4? A) 4.87% B) 9.47% C) 54.2% D) 25.2% E) 20.5%

E) 20.5%

The chemical formula of aspirin is C9H8O4. What is the mass of 0.40 mol of aspirin? A) 45 g B) 179 g C) 10.8 g D) 10 g E) 72 g

E) 72 g

A catalyst is considered a reactant in a chemical reaction. True False

False

Table salt is always produced when an acid reacts with a base. True False

False

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the volume is kept constant.

Gay-Lussac's Law

The rate at which a gas will escape through a small hole in a container is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas.

Graham's Law

What is the formula for hydrosulfuric acid?

H2S

what is a hydronium

H3O+

Write formulas for this acid phosphorous acid

H3PO3

What is the formula for phosphoric acid?

H3PO4

Write formulas for this acid hydrofluoric acid

HF

What does the value (the number) of Keq tell you?

If Keq > 1 forward reaction is favored If Keq is =1 neither reaction is favored If Keq < 1 reverse reaction is favored

Use the collision theory to explain why a mixture of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas reacts faster when the volume they occupy is decreased.

If the volume is decreased, the gas molecules are closer together and have a greater chance of making effective collisions.

Use the kinetic theory to explain why a helium filled balloon expands when it is brought inside to a warm room from the cold outdoors.

Increasing the temperature of a gas means that the particles have more kinetic energy. so the gas pressure would increase.

Why would iron filings rust faster than an iron nail?

Iron filings have a greater surface area than the nail. This exposes a greater area of contact between the reactants

Use the collision theory to explain why iron filings rust faster than iron wire.

Iron filings have a greater surface area than the nail. This exposes a greater area of contact between the reactants.

Suppose you encounter a chemical with H as the cation. What do you know about this compound immediately?

It is a polyatomic ionic compound

What is the correct formula for potassium sulfite?

K2SO3

Write the Keq expression for the reaction N2 + 3H2 <--> 2NH3 + energy

Keq= [NH3]2/[N2] [H2]3

For the equilibrium system PCl5equation image indicator PCl3 + Cl2, Keq = 35. If the concentrations of PCl5 and PCl3 are 0.025M and 0.68M respectively, what is the concentration of the Cl2?

Keq= [PCl3][Cl2]/[PCl5] Keq= 35= [.68][Cl2]/[.25] [Cl2] = 1.3M

Which of the following compounds contains Mn3+ion?- Mn2O3, MnS, MnO, MnBr2

Mn2O3

Which of the following pairs of substances best illustrates the law of multiple proportions?- H2 and O2, NO and NO2, P2O5 and PH3, CaCl2 and CaBr2

NO and NO2

A quantity of gas has a volume of 121 L when confined under a pressure of 2.50 atm at a temperature of 20.0 °C. At what pressure will its volume be 30.0 L at 25.0 °C?

P1V1/T1= P2V2/T2 P2= 2.50 atm x 121L s 298 K/ 293K x 30 L P2= 10.3 atm

Which of the following is a binary molecular compound?- BeHCO3 Xe MgS PCl5

PCl5

write the Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

What volume does 2.50 moles of carbon monoxide occupy at 50.5 kPa pressure and 20.0 °C?

PV=nRT V= 2.50 mol x 8.314 x 293K/50.5 kPa= V= 121L

What are the TWO characteristics of an effective collision?

Particles must collide with the correct orientation and the proper amount of energy.

The percent by mass of each element in a compound

Percent composition

Based on your knowledge of factors affecting the rate of reaction, why is there a danger of explosions in places such as silos and coal mines where there are large quantities of powdered, combustible materials?

Powdered materials have a higher surface area than solid materials. When large quantities of powdered, combustible materials are present, the chances of an effective collision are increased.

When naming a transition metal ion that can have more than one common ionic charge, the numerical value of the charge is indicated by a........

Roman numeral following the name

Select the correct formula for sulfur hexaflouride- S2F6, F6SO3, F6S2, SF6

SF6

What is true about empirical and molecular formulas?

Several compounds can have the same empirical formula, but have different molecular formulas

What is equal in a state of equilibrium?

The rates of the forward and reverse reactions

Antifreeze raises the boiling point of water in a car's radiator. True False

True

The way to increase the rate of a reaction is to increase the number of effective collisions True False

True

Due to decomposition reactions with oxygen or carbon dioxide in the air, meat begins to feel slimy and smell spoiled. Explain, using your knowledge of chemical kinetics, why meat spoils less rapidly when left unsliced.

Unsliced meat would have a lower surface area. This means that fewer particles are exposed to the oxygen or carbon dioxide in the air, slowing the spoiling.

Formula for Charles' Law

V1/T1=V2/T2

If 25.0 mL of 0.50 M NaOH is used to titrate 45.0 mL of HCl, what is the molarity of the acid? a. 0.28 M b. 0.90 M c. 0.56 M d. 0.14 M

a. 0.28 M

Use the kinetic theory to explain why bubble wrap pops when it is squeezed.

When the bubble is squeezed, the gas is forced into a smaller volume. If the same amount of gas is in less space, there are more particles per unit volume, causing more collisions with the walls of the container.

Why would a mixture of gases react faster when the volume they occupy is decreased?

When the volume of the gases is decreased, the particles are forced closer together. This increases the chances of an effective collision.

The pH of a 0.010M Mg(OH)2 solution is

[H+] [2(1.0 x 10^-2)] = 1.0 x 10^-14 [H+] = 5.0 x 10^-13 pH = -log [5.0 x 10 ^-13] = -(-12.3) pH= 12

An -ate or -ite at the end of a compound name usually indicates that the compound contains

a ployatomic anion

Which of the following will NOT speed up a chemical reaction? a. increasing the concentration b. adding a catalyst c. decreasing the temperature d. increasing the surface area

a. increasing the concentration

The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is unchanged. The pressure of the gas: a. is one-half the original pressure. b. is doubled. c. varies depending on the gas. d. remains unchanged

a. is one-half the original pressure.

What is the name of the instrument used to measure the pressure of a contained gas? a. manometer b. pascalometer c. pressureometer d. barometer

a. manometer

a. Find the [H+] and the [OH-] of a solution with a pH of 3.494. b.Is this solution acidic or basic?

a. pH= -log [H+] 3.494 = -log [H+] [H+] = 3.206 x 10^-4 M [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-^14 [3.206 x 10-4] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 [OH-]= 3.1 x 10 ^-11 b. acidic

If the Keq value is greater than one for a reaction at equilibrium: a. the forward reaction is favored. b. the reverse reaction is favored. c. the forward and reverse reactions are both favored.

a. the forward reaction is favored.

The number of gas particles and pressure a.direct relationship b. inverse relationship

a.direct relationship

Volume and pressure a.direct relationship b. inverse relationship

a.direct relationship

temperature and pressure a.direct relationship b. inverse relationship

a.direct relationship

HCIO acid base salt

acid

HFO4 acid base salt

acid

Produces a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water

acid

any of a class of substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste the ability to turn blue litmus red

acid

The pressure inside a basketball is due to _____. a vacuum inside of the ball the density of the air in the ball the elasticity of the ball air molecule collisions inside the ball

air molecule collisions inside the ball

Atom or group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a net charge

anion

a substance which release hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution

arrhenius base

pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere

atmospheric pressure

The number of grams of an element that is numerically equal to the atomic mass of the element in amu

atomic mass

The molar masses of any two elements contain the same number of...........

atoms

The lowest possible temperature is: a. -273 K b. 0 K c. 0°C d. 273°C

b. 0 K

What is the effect of a catalyst on the required energy to achieve effective collisions? a. A catalyst increases the required energy (activation energy) for a reaction to take place. b. A catalyst lowers the required energy (activation energy) for a reaction to take place. c. A catalyst does not affect the required energy (activation energy) for a reaction to take place. Check Answer

b. A catalyst lowers the required energy (activation energy) for a reaction to take place.

How does decreasing temperature affect the rate of reaction. a. Decreasing tempearture increases the rate of reaction. b. Decreasing tempearture decreases the rate of reaction. c. Decreasing tempearture does nothing to the rate of reaction.

b. Decreasing tempearture decreases the rate of reaction.

Which of these statements about dissolving gases in liquid solvents is true? a. Increasing the temperature makes gases more soluble. b. Increasing the pressure increases the solubility of a gas. c. Stirring increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent.

b. Increasing the pressure increases the solubility of a gas.

A solution of HI is tested with a conductivity tester and produces a bright, blinking light. This would indicate that HI is: a. a strong base. b. a strong acid. c. a weak base. d. a weak acid.

b. a strong acid.

The solution described in the previous question (a solution with a pH of 12) would be: a. acidic b. basic c. neutral

b. basic

Name the following acid—H2CO3. a. hydrocarbonic acid b. carbonic acid c. carbonous acid d. hydrocarbonous acid

b. carbonic acid

This gas law expresses the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. a. ideal gas law b. combined gas law c. Graham's law of diffusion d. Avogadro's law

b. combined gas law

The temperature decreases a. increase pressure b. decrease pressure

b. decrease pressure

Reaction rate measures the speed at which reactants: a. appear b. disappear

b. disappear

a gas in a rigid container is heated so that its Kelvin temperature doubles. What happens to its pressure? a. nothing b. it doubles c. it is halved

b. it doubles

In the reaction 2NO (g) + H2 (g) <---> N2O (g) + H2O (g) + 36 kJ, in which direction will the equilibrium shift if the pressure is increased? a. left b. right

b. right

In the reaction 2NO (g) + H2 (g) <--->N2O (g) + H2O (g) + 36 kJ, in which direction will the equilibrium shift if NO is added? a. left b. right

b. right

In the reaction CO2 (g) + H2 (g) + heat <---> CO (g) + H2O (g), in which direction will the equilibrium shift if temperature is increased? a. left b. right

b. right

Atom or group of atoms having a positive charge

cation

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, Boyle's Law states that: a. the volume of a gas varies directly with pressure. b. the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure. c. the temperature of a gas varies inversely with pressure. d. the temperature of a gas varies directly with pressure.

b. the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure.

Ba(OH)2 acid base salt

base

Produces a hydroxide ion when dissolved in water

base

any class of compounds whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a bitter taste a slippery feel the ability to turn litmus blue and the ability to react with acids to form salts

base

Compound composed of two different elements

binary compound

Sulfur hexafluoride is an example of what kind of compound

binary compound

any substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H+) or protons to bases which accept them

bronsted lowry acid

Deep-sea divers use a breathing mixture of helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. What is the partial pressure of oxygen if the total pressure of the mixture is 760 mm Hg, the pressure exerted by the helium is 609 mm Hg, and the pressure exerted by the carbon dioxide is 1 mm Hg? a. 760 mm Hg b. 500 mm Hg c. 150 mm Hg d. 609 mm Hg

c. 150 mm Hg

Calculate the pH of a 1 x 10-5M HNO3 solution. a. 9 b. 14 c. 5

c. 5

Enzymes are in molds and bacteria that spoil food. Why doesn't food spoil as fast when it is refrigerated as it would at room temperature? a. Food that is at room temperature has slower moving particles than food that is refrigerated. This increases the chance of an effective collision. b. Food that is at room temperature has faster moving particles than food that is refrigerated. This decreases the chance of an effective collision. c. Food that is at room temperature has faster moving particles than food that is refrigerated. This increases the chance of an effective collision.

c. Food that is at room temperature has faster moving particles than food that is refrigerated. This increases the chance of an effective collision.

Which of the following would be classified as an acid according to the Arrhenius definition? a. NaCl b. Ca(OH)2 c. H2CO3 d. BaBr2

c. H2CO3

In order for a collision to be considered effective, the reactant particles must have the correct orientation and the proper amount of: a. space b. concentration c. energy d. surface area

c. energy

Name the following base—KOH. a. potassium base b. hydropotassium base c. potassium hydroxide d. hydropotassium hydroxide

c. potassium hydroxide

When equilibrium is reached, the concentration of products a. increases. b. decreases. c. remains the same.

c. remains the same.

When equilibrium is reached, the concentration of reactants a. increases. b. decreases. c. remains the same.

c. remains the same.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a base? a. turns acid-base indicators different colors b. feels slippery to the touch c. tastes sour d. is an electrolyte

c. tastes sour

The laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an acid or base in solution by performing a neutralization reaction with a standard solution is called: a. neutralization. b. salination. c. titration. d. acid/base experimentation.

c. titration.

How are chemical formulas of binary ionic compounds generally written?

cation on left, anion on right

Which of the following correctly provides the names of formulas of polyatomic ions?- chromate:CrO4 2-;dichromate: Cr2O7 2 carbonate:HCO3-;bicarbonate:CO3 2- nitrite:NO-;nitrate:NO2- sulfite:S2-;sulfate:SO3-

chromate:CrO4 2-;dicromate:Cr2O7 2-

Molecular compounds are usually..........

composed of two or more nonmetallic elements

Which of the following is NOT a reason why actual yield is less than theoretical yield?- impure reactants present, competing side reactions, loss of product during collection, conservation mass

conservation mass

The products of a neutralization reaction are always: a. an acid and a base. b. an acid and water. c. a base and water. d. a salt and water.

d. a salt and water.

STP is a. standard temperature and pressure. b. 0 °C and 1 atm pressure. c. 0 °C and 101.3 kPa. d. all of these

d. all of these

At constant pressure, as the temperature of a fixed mass of gas increases, the volume will: a. vary inversely. b. decrease. c. be unchanged. d. increase.

d. increase.

According to Avogadro's principle, equal volumes of ideal gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of a. protons. b. neutrons. c. electrons. d. particles.

d. particles

When a titration is complete, what two things are equal? a. the volume of acid and the volume of base b. the moles of acid and the moles of base c. the volume of hydrogen ions and the volume of hydroxide ions d. the moles of hydrogen ions and the moles of hydroxide ions

d. the moles of hydrogen ions and the moles of hydroxide ions

Under what conditions of temperature and pressure does the behavior of a real gas differ from that of an ideal gas? a. very high temperature and very high pressure b. very high temperature and very low pressure c. very low temperature and very low pressure d. very low temperature and very high pressure

d. very low temperature and very high pressure

Which of the following is the correct name for N2O5? nitrous oxide nitrogen oxide dinitrogen pentoxide nitrate oxide

dinitrogen pentoxide

a chemical compound that ionizes when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium

electrolyte

The smallest whole number ratio of the atoms in a compound

empirical formula

characterized by or causing absorption of heat

endothermic

heat content of a system at standard pressure

enthalpy

The reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction

excess reagent

releasing heat

exothermic

How are bases named?

like ionic compounds

The reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed in a reaction

limiting reagent

When two substances react to form products, the reactant which is used up is called the..........

limiting reagent

Which element, when combines with flourine, would most likely form an ionic compound?- chlorine carbon phosphorous lithium

lithium

an unsized white paper impregnated with litmus and used as a pH or acide base indicator

litmus paper

When Group 2A elements form ions, they........

lose two electrons

Name this base or salt. MgSO4

magnesium sulfate

In a chemical compound, the elements are always combined in the same proportion by........

mass

For which of the following conversions does the value of the conversion factor depends upon the formula of the substance?- moles of any substance to number of particles, mass of any substance to moles, volume of gas (STP) to moles, density of gas (STP) to molar mass

mass of any substance to moles

The mass of a mole of any element or compound

molar mass

The volume occupied by a mole of any gas at STP

molar volume

The SI unit used to measure amount of substance

mole

What SI unit is used to measure the number of representative particles in a substance?

mole

Consists of a single atom with a positive or negative charge

monatomic ion

What are the FIVE major factors that affect reaction rate?

nature of the reactants concentration of the reactants temperature catalyst surface area

TIghtly-bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a net charge

polyatomic ion

In naming a binary molecular compound, the number of atoms of each element presents in the molecule is indicated by..........

prefixes

A new substance formed in a chemical reaction

product

a reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and these

products