Chemistry Final
The mole concept will most likely be used in -calculating the average height of a mountain range. -measuring how many liters of gasoline are poured into a tank. -determining how many ozone molecules are lost in the atmosphere. -finding the mass of a piece of steak in a butcher shop.
-determining how many ozone molecules are lost in the atmosphere.
Consider the unbalanced equation for the oxidation of butene.C4H8 + 6O2 = CO2 + H2O. For each molecule of C4H8 that reacts, how many molecules of carbon dioxide and water are produced? -two carbon dioxide molecules and two water molecules -four carbon dioxide molecules and four water molecules -two carbon dioxide molecules and four water molecules -four carbon dioxide molecules and two water molecules
-four carbon dioxide molecules and four water molecules
Which is an example of a nonaqueous solution? -gasoline -fog -mayonnaise -fruit juice
-gasoline
Under which conditions would the solubility of a gas be greatest? -high pressure and high temperature -high pressure and low temperature -low pressure and high temperature -low pressure and low temperature
-high pressure and low temperature
Which word equation shows hydrogen reacting with oxygen to form water? -oxygen + water = hydrogen -hydrogen + oxygen = water -oxygen + water = hydrogen + water -hydrogen + water = oxygen
-hydrogen + oxygen = water
When does phenolphthalein turn pink? -in the presence of a base -in the presence of an acid -when it is in a neutral solution -when it is reacting with a metal
-in the presence of a base
Consider the reaction below. C2H4(g) + H2(g) = C2H6(g) Which change would likely cause the greatest increase in the rate of the reaction? -decrease temperature and decrease pressure -increase temperature and decrease pressure -decrease temperature and increase pressure -increase temperature and increase pressure
-increase temperature and increase pressure
Which factor increases the rate of dissolution in an unsaturated solution? -increasing the temperature -decreasing the surface area -decreasing the amount of solute -increasing the amount of solvent
-increasing the temperature
An unknown substance turns methyl orange solution red. This shows that the substance -is a base. -is water. -is an acid. -is an alkaloid
-is an acid.
Which word equation shows lithium oxide being formed from the reaction between oxygen and lithium? -oxygen + lithium oxide = lithium -lithium + oxygen lithium = oxide -oxygen + lithium - lithium + oxide -lithium oxide = lithium + oxygen
-lithium + oxygen = lithium oxide
According to the law of conservation of ______, the number of atoms in the products of a chemical reaction must be balanced with the number of atoms in the reactants.
-mass
The compound CO2 is made of -two atoms of cobalt. -one atom of cobalt and two atoms of oxygen. -two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen. -one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen.
-one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen.
The compound FeCl3 is made of -three molecules of iron chloride. -one atom of iron and three atoms of carbon. -one atom of iron and three atoms of chlorine. -two atoms of iodine, one atom of iron, and one atom of carbon.
-one atom of iron and three atoms of chlorine.
A change in which factor will affect the rate of reaction only when gases are involved? -temperature -pressure -surface area -concentration
-pressure
Ben observes how quickly some dry wood is burning in a campfire. Which term best relates to Ben's observation? -reaction rate -activation energy -collision theory -spontaneous reaction
-reaction rate
Which term refers to the speed at which reactants are converted into products? -reaction rate -activation energy -meta stable state -spontaneous reaction
-reaction rate
A chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound can be categorized as a - -combustion reaction. -decomposition reaction. -single displacement reaction. -double displacement reaction.
-single displacement reaction.
Chemists use activity series to determine whether which type of reaction will occur? -combustion -double replacement -decomposition -single replacement
-single replacement
Sodium combines with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Which word equation represents this violent reaction? -sodium hydroxide + water = sodium + hydrogen -sodium + water = sodium hydroxide + hydrogen -sodium + hydrogen = sodium hydroxide + water -sodium + sodium hydroxide = water + hydrogen
-sodium + water = sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Mixture A was made by mixing different components together, but it appears to have one phase. Which term best categorizes mixture A? -colloid -solution -emulsion -suspension
-solution
Under which conditions will sugar most likely dissolve fastest in a cup of water? -a sugar cube with stirring at 5°C -a sugar cube without stirring at 15°C -sugar crystals with stirring at 15°C -sugar crystals without stirring at 5°C
-sugar crystals with stirring at 15°C
A beaker contains a solution. A single solute crystal is added to the solution. Immediately, crystals form in the solution. Which term best describes the solution before the crystal was added? -supersaturated -unsaturated -diluted -saturated
-supersaturated
In which type of chemical reaction do two or more substances combine to form one substance? -synthesis -decomposition -single replacement -double replacement
-synthesis
Which type of chemical reaction occurs in Ca + Cl2 CaCl2? -synthesis -combustion -single replacement -double replacement
-synthesis
Magnesium oxide does not readily decompose into magnesium and oxygen. The reaction is shown below. MgO(s) + 601.7 kJ = Mg(s) + ½O2(g) Which factor plays the most important role in allowing this reaction to occur? -temperature -concentration -pressure -surface area
-temperature
What is the molar mass of a substance? -the mass in grams of one mole of a substance -the number of particles in one gram of a substance -the number of moles in one gram of a substance -the mass in grams of one particle of a substance
-the mass in grams of one mole of a substance
In which situation can a mixture always be called a solution? -when one of its components is a gas -when there is no solvent in the mixture -when its components are made up of different types of particles -when the mixture is homogeneous
-when the mixture is homogeneous
Considering the activity series given below for metals and nonmetals, which reaction will occur? Al > Mn > Zn > Cr > Fe > Cd > Co > Ni > Sn > Pb > H > Sb > Bi > Cu > Ag > Pd >Hg > PtF > Cl > Br > I -2NaBr + I2 = 2NaI + Br2 -2Fe + Al2O3 = 2Al + Fe2O3 -2AgNO3 + Ni = Ni(NO3)2 + 2Ag -Pb + Zn(C2H3O2)2 = Zn + Pb(C2H3O2)2
2AgNO3 + Ni = Ni(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Which of the following best defines an acid? An acid has a pH of 7. An acid has hydroxide ions. An acid has fewer positive ions in solution. An acid has more hydrogen ions in solution.
An acid has more hydrogen ions in solution.
Milk is a heterogeneous mixture that contains different types of particles in different phases. Due to the sizes of the particles in milk and the way they are dispersed, the particles do not easily settle out. They also cannot easily be filtered out. Therefore, milk is best described as a ___
Colloid
A _____ reaction occurs when one compound reacts and is broken down into different elements or simpler compounds.
Decompostion
Which statement would indicate the presence of an acid? It tastes bitter.. It does not react with active metals. It reacts with active metals to form a gas. It does not change the color of litmus paper
It reacts with active metals to form a gas.
Consider the energy diagram below. Which line indicates a higher reaction rate? -A because it has a lower activation energy. -B because it has a lower activation energy. -A because its Grxn is much lower. -B because its Grxn is much lower.
Not -A because it has a lower activation energy.
Look at the reaction below. H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 + 2H2O Which substance is the base in the reaction? -2H2O (l) -H2SO4 (aq) -CaSO4 (aq) -Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Not -H2SO4 (aq)
Magnesium and iron are metallic elements. How does a mole of magnesium compare with a mole of iron? -A mole of iron has more atoms. -They both have the same mass. -A mole of magnesium has more mass. -They both have the same number of atoms.
Not A mole of iron has more atoms.
Using the activity series provided. Which reactants will form products?Na > Mg > Al > Mn > Zn > Cr > Fe > Cd > Co > Ni > Sn > Pb > H > Sb > Bi > Cu > Ag -Ag +NaNO3 = -Fe + Al2O3 = -Ni + NaCl = -Fe + Cu(NO3)2 =
Not Fe + Al2O3 =
In a chemical equation, which symbol should be used to indicate that a substance is in solution? -(s) -(g) -(l) -(aq)
-(aq)
What is the molar mass of CHCl3? -48.47 g/mol -83.92 g/mol -119.37 g/mol -121.39 g/mol
-119.37 g/mol
Consider the reaction below. 2H2O = 2H2 + O2How many moles of hydrogen are produced when 6.28 mol of oxygen form? -3.14 mol -6.28 mol -12.6 mol -25.2 mol
-12.6 mol
The following balanced equation shows the formation of sulfur dioxide. S + O2 = SO2 How many moles of sulfur are needed to produce 15.0 mol of sulfur dioxide? -7.50 mol -10.5 mol -15.0 mol -30.0 mol
-15.0 mol
The following balanced equation shows the formation of sulfur dioxide. S + O2 = SO2How many moles of sulfur are needed to produce 15.0 mol of sulfur dioxide? -7.50 mol -10.5 mol -15.0 mol -30.0 mol
-15.0 mol
The reaction below shows how silver chloride can be synthesized. AgNO3 + NaCl = NaNO3 + AgCl How many moles of silver chloride are produced from 15.0 mol of silver nitrate? -1.0 mol -15.0 mol -30.0 mol -45.0 mol
-15.0 mol
Consider the balanced equation below. What is the mole ratio of PCl3 to PCl5? -1:1 -2:1 -3:5 -5:3
-1:1
Consider the equation below. Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2 The mole ratio of zinc to zinc sulfate is -1:1. -1:2. -2:1. -3:1.
-1:1.
Consider the equation below. Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2\ The mole ratio of zinc to zinc sulfate is -1:1. -1:2. -2:1. -3:1.
-1:1.
Consider the reaction H2(g) + I2(g) = 2HI(g). What is the reaction quotient, Q, for this system when [H2] = 0.100 M, [I2] = 0.200 M, and [HI] = 3.50 M? -87.5 -175 -350 -613
-613
How does litmus paper identify a base? -A base turns red litmus blue. -A base turns blue litmus red. -A base turns orange litmus red. -A base turns yellow litmus blue.
-A base turns red litmus blue.
What is the relationship between a mole and Avogadro's number? -A mole is the mass of Avogadro's number of particles of a substance. -A mole is the amount of a compound that has Avogadro's number of carbon-12 atoms in it. -A mole contains Avogadro's number of particles of a substance. -A mole is the amount of any substance that has the same mass as Avogadro's number of carbon-12 atoms.
-A mole contains Avogadro's number of particles of a substance.
Which describes one characteristic of both El Niño and La Niña? -Both are causes of long-term climate change. -Both create warmer water. -Both occur in the Pacific Ocean. -Both are causes of hurricane activity.
-Both occur in the Pacific Ocean.
An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H3O+ ions in solution. Look at the reaction below of phenol (C6H5OH) with water: C6H5OH(aq) + H2O(l) = C6H5O-(aq) + H3O+(aq) Which reactant acts as an acid by contributing a H+ ion to create H3O+ in the chemical equation? -C6H5OH(aq) -H2O(l) -C6H5O-(aq) -H3O+(aq)
-C6H5OH(aq)
An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H3O+ ions in solution. Look at the reaction below of phenol (C6H5OH) with water: C6H5OH(aq) + H2O(l) = C6H5O-(aq) + H3O+(aq) Which reactant acts as an acid by contributing a H+ ion to create H3O+ in the chemical equation? -C6H5OH(aq) -H2O(l) -C6H5O-(aq) -H3O+(aq)
-C6H5OH(aq)
Which statement explains why many scientists believe that carbon dioxide has likely contributed more to global warming than other greenhouse gases? -Carbon dioxide is emitted from fertilizers used in farming. -Other greenhouse gases trap more heat than carbon dioxide. -Carbon dioxide has increased as a result of increased human activities. -Carbon dioxide is emitted from commercial refrigeration.
-Carbon dioxide has increased as a result of increased human activities.
Which statement provides the best argument in favor of deforestation? -Deforestation prevents erosion of farmland. -Deforestation prevents air and water pollution. -Deforestation does not affect climate around the globe. -Deforestation opens up land for mining and cattle ranching.
-Deforestation opens up land for mining and cattle ranching.
Which period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era? -Devonian -Neogene -Paleogene -Quaternary
-Devonian
Which statement is usually true about the relationship between activation energy and reaction rates? -Low activation energy barriers result in low rates. -High activation energy barriers result in low rates. -Low activation energy barriers result in no reaction. -High activation energy barriers result in no reaction.
-High activation energy barriers result in low rates.
Which is an important question to consider when creating an environmental policy? -How can it reduce the need for green spaces? -How can it help to increase human impact on resources? -Is the benefit worth the cost? -How will it reduce tourist activity?
-Is the benefit worth the cost?
Which statement best explains the purpose of using a mole in the measurement of matter? -It is commonly used as another unit of mass. -It allows chemists to deal with a large number of atoms. -It is used only for studying the properties of gases. -It explains that substances with the same moles have the same mass.
-It allows chemists to deal with a large number of atoms.
Which statement best describes the greenhouse effect? -It is a process by which plants are able to grow well in a warm, enclosed structure. -It is a process by which greenhouse gases block the sun's light to penetrate the atmosphere. -It is a process by which greenhouse gases allow the sun's light to penetrate the atmosphere but stop the heat from escaping. -It is a process by which prevailing winds bring moisture to the land, to the prevailing wind direction.
-It is a process by which greenhouse gases allow the sun's light to penetrate the atmosphere but stop the heat from escaping.
How does an increase in reactant concentration affect the rate of reaction? -It leads to more frequent collisions, which increase reaction rate. -It leads to less frequent collisions, which increase reaction rate. -It leads to more frequent collisions, which decrease reaction rate. -It leads to less frequent collisions, which decrease reaction rate.iew
-It leads to more frequent collisions, which increase reaction rate.
Consider the chemical equation in equilibrium. A(g) + 2B(g) = C(g) + D(g) + heat What will happen to the equilibrium of this reaction if the temperature is increased? -It will shift to the left because heat is released. -It will shift to the left because heat is absorbed. -It will shift to the right because heat is released. -It will shift to the right because heat is absorbed.
-It will shift to the left because heat is absorbed.
Which statement provides the best argument against making major changes to the atmosphere to help protect Earth's resources? -There will be less soil and dust in the air as construction increases. -The atmosphere will improve as more people move to large cities. -Making major changes to the atmosphere can be a costly process. -It is more important to protect land and water resources than the atmosphere.
-Making major changes to the atmosphere can be a costly process.
Consider the following chemical reaction at equilibrium. H2SO4(aq) = 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq) The addition of which compound will cause a shift in equilibrium because of a common ion effect? -NaCl -KNO3 -MgSO4 -FeCl3
-MgSO4
Which describes an effect that ocean currents have on short-term climate change? -Ocean currents increase the strength of prevailing winds, which can cool the air and land. -Ocean currents can carry cold water, which can cool the air and land. -Ocean currents increase hurricane activity, which can raise the temperature of the air and land. -Ocean currents carry cold water, which may not affect hurricane activity and lower the temperature of the air and land.
-Ocean currents can carry cold water, which can cool the air and land.
Which statement describes an interaction between the biosphere and the hydrosphere? -Plant roots take in water through their roots. -Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air. -Energy stored in plants is transferred to humans and animals that eat them. -Plants make food through photosynthesis and release oxygen into the atmosphere.
-Plant roots take in water through their roots.
Which is true about reaction rates? -High reaction rates occur only in spontaneous reactions. -Low reaction rates occur only in nonspontaneous reactions. -Reaction rates are not dependent on high or low activation energies. -Reaction rates are not related to spontaneity.
-Reaction rates are not related to spontaneity.
The equation below shows a reaction that produces calcium carbonate. Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) = CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) Which describes a way to speed up the collisions between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide molecules to produce calcium carbonate faster? -Lower the temperature. -Use larger pieces of calcium hydroxide. -Lower the pressure. -Reduce the volume of the container.
-Reduce the volume of the container.
Which statement defines an ore? -Rock broken down to become part of the topsoil. -Rock dug out from the earth to use in construction. -Rock dug out from the deep inside earth and refined. -Rock exposed as a result of loss of topsoil.
-Rock dug out from the deep inside earth and refined.
Which formula equation represents the burning of sulfur to produce sulfur dioxide?
-S(s) +O2(g) =Tri= SO(g)
Which is one way that analyzing ice benefits scientists who study ancient climates? -Scientists can analyze frozen volcanic dust to help predict eruptions. -Scientists can study the layers of ice cores to gather information about past atmospheric composition. -Scientists can use sand grains in ice to make inferences about the climate area. -Scientists can study tree rings in ice to learn more about past climates.
-Scientists can study the layers of ice cores to gather information about past atmospheric composition.
Which best explains how scientists confirmed that the moon formed around the same time as Earth? -Scientists determined the approximate age of fossils from the moon and Earth. -Scientists used radioactive dating to study the age of material from the moon and Earth. -Scientists explored the cycle of condensation and evaporation over time on the moon and Earth. -Scientists analyzed the content of gases that were part of the atmospheres on the moon and Earth.
-Scientists used radioactive dating to study the age of material from the moon and Earth.
According to Le Chatelier's principle, a change in pressure affects the chemical equilibrium of the reaction system under what condition? -The reactants and the products are in the solid phase. -The reactants and the products are in the liquid phase. -Some of the reactants or the products are in the gaseous phase. -Some of the reactants or the products are solid, and some are liquid.
-Some of the reactants or the products are in the gaseous phase.
Consider the following chemical reaction in equilibrium. CH3COOH = CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq) What will happen to the chemical equilibrium if MgCl2 is added? -The chemical equilibrium of the system will be unaffected. -The chemical equilibrium of the system will shift to the right to favor the forward reaction. -The chemical equilibrium of the system will shift to the left to favor the reverse reaction. -The chemical equilibrium of the system will be damaged irreversibly.
-The chemical equilibrium of the system will be unaffected.
Consider the following chemical equation in equilibrium. H2SO4(aq) 2H+ = + SO42- What will happen to the chemical equilibrium if HCl is added to the system? -The chemical equilibrium will shift to the right. -The chemical equilibrium will be lost permanently. -The chemical equilibrium will not be affected. -The chemical equilibrium will shift to the left.
-The chemical equilibrium will shift to the left.
Which best explains how the collisions of materials in space contribute to the formation of layers in protoplanets? -The materials undergo decay when they collide, which results in the heating and subsequent melting and rising of materials. -The collisions release heat, which results in the heating and subsequent melting, sinking, and rising of materials. -The materials undergo decay when they collide, which results in the cooling and subsequent hardening and sinking of materials. -The collisions absorb heat, which results in the cooling and subsequent hardening and rising of materials.
-The collisions release heat, which results in the heating and subsequent melting, sinking, and rising of materials.
According to Le Chatelier's principle, what happens when the concentration of a product is reduced in a chemical reaction that was in equilibrium? -The equilibrium shifts to the right to favor the formation of products. -The equilibrium shifts to the left to favor the formation of reactants. -The equilibrium shifts in the exothermic direction. -The equilibrium shifts in the endothermic direction.
-The equilibrium shifts to the right to favor the formation of products.
Consider the reaction H2(g) + I2(g) = HI(g) with an equilibrium constant of 46.3 and a reaction quotient of 525. Which direction will the system shift to? -The equilibrium will shift to the left to favor the reactants. -The equilibrium will shift to the right to favor the products. -The equilibrium will not shift in any direction. -The equilibrium will shift to the forward reaction.
-The equilibrium will shift to the left to favor the reactants.
Consider the chemical equation in equilibrium. CH4(g) + H2O(g) = CO(g) + 3H2(g) What will happen to the equilibrium of this reaction if the pressure is increased? -The equilibrium will shift to the left to favor the reverse reaction. -The equilibrium will shift to the right to favor the forward reaction. -The equilibrium will not be affected by changing the pressure. -The equilibrium will not be reestablished after this kind of stress.
-The equilibrium will shift to the left to favor the reverse reaction.
Which important event in Earth's history occurred during the Jurassic period? -The first birds emerged on Earth. -Mammals were in search of food. -Animals with shells emerged on Earth -Treelike ferns first began to grow and populate.
-The first birds emerged on Earth.
Consider the chemical equation in equilibrium. 2H2(g) + O2(g) = 2H2O(g) What will happen if the pressure of the system is increased? -The reaction will not change. -The reverse reaction will be favored. -The reaction will stop completely. -The forward reaction will be favored.
-The forward reaction will be favored.
Mt. Pinatubo, a volcano in the Philippines, erupted in 1991. The eruption resulted in the cooling of Earth's surface for two years. What can you deduce from the information given? -Solar energy seeped through the atmosphere. -The eruption caused sunspot activity to increase. -The volcano released a lot of sulfur dioxide and ash. -Greenhouse gases caused the cooling of Earth's surface.
-The volcano released a lot of sulfur dioxide and ash.
Consider the substances below. • 1 mol of beryllium • 1 mol of salt • 1 mol of water • 1 mol of hydrogen Which statement is true about these substances? -They have exactly the same mass. -They have different numbers of particles. -They have the same number of atoms. -They have different masses.
-They have different masses.
Red wolves are an endangered species in the United States. Which agency is responsible for their protection? -National Park Service -US Fish and Wildlife Service -US Forest Service -Bureau of Land Management
-US Fish and Wildlife Service
What would happen if there were no condensation stage in the water cycle? -Water could not convert from a gas to a liquid. -Water could not convert from a liquid to a gas. -Water could not convert from transpiration to evaporation. -Water could not convert from precipitation to evaporation.
-Water could not convert from a gas to a liquid.
Which statement accurately describes part of the dissolving process of a polar solute in water? -Solute molecules repel water molecules. -Water molecules surround solute molecules. -Water molecules are strongly attracted to nonpolar substances. -Solute molecules remain concentrated in one part of the solvent.
-Water molecules surround solute molecules.
The mass and volume of each sample differ from the mass and volume of the other samples. Is it possible for each sample to contain 1 mol of each substance? -No, because they have different masses. -No, because they have different volumes. -Yes, if each sample contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms. -Yes, if each sample contains 2 amu.
-Yes, if each sample contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Which definition best describes global warming? -a long-term change in the Earth's climate -a long-term increase in the Earth's average temperature -a long-term change in the climate of a region or a city -solar heat that is radiated out into space
-a long-term increase in the Earth's average temperature
An aggregate is one type of land resource. What is an aggregate? -a layer of solid rock found beneath soil -the top layer of soil -a natural mixture of sand, gravel, and crushed stone -a naturally occurring mineral or rock
-a natural mixture of sand, gravel, and crushed stone
Humans' use of rocks and minerals as building materials is an example of which interaction? -an interaction within the geosphere -an interaction within the hydrosphere -an interaction between the biosphere and the geosphere -an interaction between the biosphere and the atmosphere
-an interaction between the biosphere and the geosphere
What is the definition of a common ion as it applies to Le Chatelier's principle? -an ion that is found in a wide variety of compounds -an ion that is present in every sample of pure water -an ion that is found dissolved in most aqueous solutions that are widely used in labs -an ion that is present in an equilibrium system and a compound added to the system
-an ion that is present in an equilibrium system and a compound added to the system
Which activity is a method of habitat restoration? -cleaning up after environmental disasters -allowing trees to grow naturally -farming techniques like terrace farming and tree belts -creating a reservoir to prevent flooding
-cleaning up after environmental disasters
Which is a possible consequence of decreasing air quality resulting from global warming? -drying out of fertile lands -flooding of low-lying coastal areas -melting of glaciers and polar ice caps -decrease in population due to health threats
-decrease in population due to health threats
Which term refers to the process by which land is worn away by natural forces or human activity? -erosion -desertification -urbanization -deforestation
-erosion
What determines the length of a geologic time period? -fossil record -material density -meteors and rocks -radioactive materials
-fossil record
Which correctly lists the three land uses that the Bureau of Land Management was originally created to manage? -mining, recreation, wildlife refuges -recreation, developing oil and gas, battlefields -grazing, mining, developing oil and gas -developing oil and gas, battlefields, wildlife refuges
-grazing, mining, developing oil and gas
What negative effect occurs when there is a decrease in air quality? -faster evaporation of water in the soil -the drying out of fertile land, resulting in dust bowls -the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps -increased illnesses that result in a decrease in population
-increased illnesses that result in a decrease in population
Which answer gives both a positive impact and a negative impact associated with the effects of nitrogen- and phosphorus-enhanced fertilizers? -increased algal blooms and damage to drinking water -increased plant growth and damage to drinking water -increase in denitrifying bacteria and increase in plant growth -increase in a limiting resource and increase in denitrifying bacteria
-increased plant growth and damage to drinking water
Which of these factors will cause a solid solute to dissolve faster? -increasing the air temperature -increasing the amount of solute -increasing the amount of solvent -increasing the surface area of solute
-increasing the surface area of solute
An unknown substance turns methyl orange solution red. This shows that the substance -is a base. -is water. -is an acid. -is an alkaloid.
-is an acid.
What is one way people positively affect water resources? -polluting from nonpoint sources -increasing farming and construction -disposing of chemicals in water -limiting use of acid and other pollutants
-limiting use of acid and other pollutants
A solution contains 90 mL of methanol, 18 mL of propanol, and 2 mL of diethyl ether. Which is the solvent in this solution? -methanol -propanol -diethyl ether -water
-methanol
What major factors play a role in global warming? -decrease in human activity and normal climate conditions -natural factors and human activity -natural factors and normal climate conditions -decrease in human activity and natural factors
-natural factors and human activity
What should scientists consider when studying tree rings to understand the variations in the local climate? -patterns in their width, their density, and their composition -odor from the wood, patterns in their width, and their density -their composition, odor from the wood, and patterns in their width -their density, composition, and location
-patterns in their width, their density, and their composition
Humans affect the carbon cycle in many ways through the use of fossil fuels, clear cutting of forests, and controlled burns. Which process can help counteract these human interactions? -photosynthesis -respiration -decomposition -building proteins
-photosynthesis
What do scientists study to reconstruct past climate conditions? -tree branches, pollen grains, and rain water -pollen grains, tree rings, and fossils -rain water, tree rings, and fossils -fossils, pollen grains, and tree branches
-pollen grains, tree rings, and fossils
Which phrase describes one main feature of the atmosphere? -protects Earth's surface -includes organisms in the air, on land, and in water -consists of rocks, minerals, landforms, and Earth's interior -comprises oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater
-protects Earth's surface
What do glaciers deposit that helps scientists study ancient climates? -plants that produce pollen grains -rocks formed from lava -sediment that contains fossils -animals that migrate
-sediment that contains fossils
In which two types of reactions do opposite chemical changes occur? -double replacement and combustion -single replacement and double replacement -synthesis and decomposition -combustion and synthesis
-synthesis and decomposition
Which factor influences both solubility and the rate of dissolution? -pressure -temperature -particle size -nature of solvent
-temperature
What is a fossil? -the remains of an animal or plant preserved within a layer of rock -a large body of compacted ice formed over thousands of years -the energy radiated from the Sun -a change in the structure of Earth's surface
-the remains of an animal or plant preserved within a layer of rock
Why is citric acid added to food? -to add color -to add tartness -to add bitterness -to add sweetness
-to add tartness
Water exits the leaves of plants and enters the atmosphere. What is this process called? -photosynthesis -condensation -transpiration -precipitation
-transpiration
Consider the chemical reaction in equilibrium. aA(aq) + bB(aq) = cC(aq) + dD(aq) According to Le Chatelier's principle, which statement correctly completes the table below? -value of K does not change -value of K increases -value of K decreases -value of K oscillates
-value of K does not change
What climate condition occurs during El Niño? -dry heat throughout North America -warm water moving toward the coast of South America -heavy rain moving toward the coast of South America -flooding throughout North America
-warm water moving toward the coast of South America
A can of soda contains many ingredients, including vanilla, caffeine, sugar, and water. Which ingredient is the solvent? -caffeine -sugar -vanilla -water
-water
Which correctly lists the three weather factors that are indicators of climate change? -sunsets, wind patterns, clouds -ocean currents, ice cores, temperature -temperature, wind patterns, ice cores -wind patterns, temperature, ocean currents
-wind patterns, temperature, ocean currents
How many grams of NaCl will be needed to form 600 mL of a saturated solution at 100°C? 15 g 24 g 40 g 240 g
240 g
How long ago did oceans begin to form? 12.5 MYA 137 MYA 285 MYA 3800 MYA
3800 MYA
How long ago did invertebrates become common on Earth?
520 million years ago
Which is a nonpoint source of pollution? -Tourists throw trash into the ocean. =A car mechanic pours oil on the ground. =Rain contains chemicals that seep into the ground. -A pipe dumps waste from a factory into a stream.
=Rain contains chemicals that seep into the ground.
How does litmus paper identify a base? A base turns red litmus blue. A base turns blue litmus red. A base turns orange litmus red. A base turns yellow litmus blue.
A base turns red litmus blue.
Which led to the formation of oceans after water on Earth's surface evaporated? The sun released a strong burst of water vapor. As Earth cooled, water in the atmosphere condensed. Materials collided due to strong gravitational forces. The ozone layer formed to protect against harmful UV ray exposure.
As Earth cooled, water in the atmosphere condensed.
Which scenario describes an interaction between two of Earth's spheres? Water flows from a stream to a lake. Gravity moves rocks to another location. Lions use energy to catch other animals for food. Bears dig big holes in the ground to protect their young.
Bears dig big holes in the ground to protect their young.
Which describes one characteristic of both El Niño and La Niña? Both are causes of long-term climate change. Both create warmer water. Both occur in the Pacific Ocean. Both are causes of hurricane activity.
Both occur in the Pacific Ocean.
Which period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era? Devonian Neogene Paleogene Quaternary
Devonian
What is one cause of long-lasting climate change? glacial deposits Earth's elliptical orbit Earth's rotation the Sun's elliptical orbit
Earth's elliptical orbit
Which is a natural factor that causes long-term climate change? Earth's position pollen grains fossils ice cores
Earth's position
Which interaction involves only one of Earth's spheres? Plant roots take in water from the soil. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air. During photosynthesis, plants make food and release oxygen into the air. Energy stored in plants is transferred to humans and animals that eat them.
Energy stored in plants is transferred to humans and animals that eat them.
Which describes a disruption in the water cycle that could affect photosynthesis? Heat causes an excess of transpiration. Heat causes an excess of evaporation. Heat causes an excess of condensation. Heat causes an excess of precipitation.
Heat causes an excess of transpiration.
Which best describes a possible negative impact of irrigation of farmland? Food can be produced in dry areas. Increased runoff can pollute bodies of water. Food can be produced through drought years. Water can improve the livelihood of farmers.
Increased runoff can pollute bodies of water.
How did the formation of the ozone layer contribute to the existence of life on Earth? It blocked the Sun's harmful UV rays. It caused water vapor to cool, condense, and collect. It released large amounts of oxygen into the air. It warmed Earth's surface, preventing materials from freezing.
It blocked the Sun's harmful UV rays.
Consider the reaction in chemical equilibrium. COCl2(g) = CO(g) + Cl2(g) Which is the correct equation for K?
K=[CO]{Cl2}/[COCl2]
Which evidence is most likely used to indicate the beginning of solar system formation? Materials combined to form a mass. Materials were pulled together by gravity. Water condensed and collected to form oceans. Different species of microorganisms lived on Earth.
Materials were pulled together by gravity.
What agency is directly related to supervising and managing campgrounds? US Forest Service Bureau of Land Management US Fish and Wildlife Service National Park Service
National Park Service
Which unit of geologic time is the oldest? Cenozoic Mesozoic Ordovician Precambrian
Precambrian
Which statement describes an effect that humans have on the geosphere when they build a dam? Ice may form on the lake. Plants may grow on the dam. Rocks and minerals are used to build the dam. Water from the lake may evaporate into the air.
Rocks and minerals are used to build the dam
Which event in Earth's history most directly allowed life to exist on land? Earth's temperatures increased, causing widespread evaporation. Earth collided with a large object, forming the moon. Single-celled organisms released oxygen into the air when they photosynthesized. Single-celled organisms absorbed harmful gases from the air when they first formed.
Single-celled organisms released oxygen into the air when they photosynthesized.
Red wolves are an endangered species in the United States. Which agency is responsible for their protection? National Park Service US Fish and Wildlife Service US Forest Service Bureau of Land Management
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Which federal agency makes sure federal wildlife laws are followed? US Forest Service US Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Land Management National Park Service
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Brownian motion is not observed in a mixture that includes two phases. Which best identifies the mixture? a colloid a suspension a solution an alloy
a suspension
Cars are powered by fossil fuels, which come from the remains of ancient living things that were buried and exposed to high temperature and pressure from Earth's interior. Which spheres are represented when fossil fuels form? atmosphere and biosphere biosphere and geosphere cryosphere and atmosphere geosphere and hydrosphere
biosphere and geosphere
How do scientists study pollen grains to help them understand climate change? by analyzing and making inferences about them by observing and listing facts about them by studying and reading more about them by writing hypothesis about them
by analyzing and making inferences about them
What is a major goal of the federal government when managing land resources? conservation land sales residential development privatization
conservation
Which is an issue that governments must consider before passing conservation policies? urbanization implications cost to implement conservation policies desertification implications cost to implement deforestation
cost to implement conservation policies
Which part of Earth contains frozen water? atmosphere biosphere cryosphere geosphere
cryosphere
Actinobacteria sp. are fermenting organisms, which do not require oxygen to survive. These organisms break down organic material and convert it to inorganic material. Which part of the carbon cycle does this describe? photosynthesis respiration decomposition assimilation
decomposition
Which process plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus? photosynthesis transpiration decomposition respiration
decomposition
Which is a possible consequence of decreasing air quality resulting from global warming? drying out of fertile lands flooding of low-lying coastal areas melting of glaciers and polar ice caps decrease in population due to health threats
decrease in population due to health threats
Which process allows water to enter the atmosphere? evaporation condensation precipitation freezing
evaporation
Which describes an attribute of nonrenewable resources? exist in fixed amounts are unlimited can often be replaced in a short time are replaced faster than they are used
exist in fixed amounts
What determines the length of a geologic time period? fossil record material density meteors and rocks radioactive materials
fossil record
Which is one source that scientists use to reconstruct past climate conditions? fossils frozen in glaciers daily temperatures the tilt of Earth's axis running water
fossils frozen in glaciers
Which is an example of a nonaqueous solution? gasoline fog mayonnaise fruit juice
gasoline
When a volcano erupts, particles of rock and ash are released into the atmosphere. After this, water droplets form around the rock and ash particles and fall to Earth as rain. The rainwater helps plants grow. In this scenario, which spheres of Earth interact? biosphere, cryosphere, hemisphere cryosphere, geosphere, biosphere geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere
geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
Which landform is part of the cryosphere? glacier lake ocean river
glacier
Which part of Earth is included in the hydrosphere? air animals glaciers rocks
glaciers
What term refers to the practice of renewing destroyed ecosystems? erosion terrace farming habitat restoration tree belting
habitat restoration
Which of the following would be a result of eutrophication of a lake? undergrowth of water plants hypoxia, or low levels of oxygen decreased decomposition inactivity of fertilizers
hypoxia, or low levels of oxygen
According to some scientists, which is a cause of global warming? decrease of nitrous oxide increase in cloud cover decrease of methane gas increase in carbon dioxide
increase in carbon dioxide
Which of these factors will cause a solid solute to dissolve faster? increasing the air temperature increasing the amount of solute increasing the amount of solvent increasing the surface area of solute
increasing the surface area of solute
What information does the geologic time scale provide? explanation of how organisms interact with one another places where dinosaurs roamed on Earth reasons why organisms evolve into different species information about when plants first appeared
information about when plants first appeared
An unknown substance turns methyl orange solution red. This shows that the substance is a base. is water. is an acid. is an alkaloid.
is an acid.
A solution contains 90 mL of methanol, 18 mL of propanol, and 2 mL of diethyl ether. Which is the solvent in this solution? methanol propanol diethyl ether water
methanol
What process leads to deforestation and increased erosion? mining reforestation desertification urbanization
mining
Why are bacteria a necessary part of the nitrogen cycle? - -Other living things cannot use atmospheric nitrogen. -Other living things cannot use the nitrogen in plants. -Bacteria are the main nitrogen reservoir. -Bacteria are the main nitrogen transpirators.
not -Other living things cannot use the nitrogen in plants.
What effects do wind patterns have on climate? -They move warm water toward the east. -They change the amount of precipitation in a region. -They carry warm or cooled water very long distances. -They cool Pacific waters and increase hurricane activity in the western Atlantic.
not -They carry warm or cooled water very long distances.
Which example best explains the interaction of Earth's spheres when acid rain affects trees? The geosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere. The atmosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere. The biosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere and the cryosphere. The atmosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere and the biosphere.
not The biosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere and the cryosphere.
Which describes the geological time of the first land plants? Mosses appeared after the first flowering plants. Aquatic Flora appeared many years ago. The first flowering plants appeared around 240 million years ago. The first flowering plants were introduced toward the end of the Mesozoic era.
not The first flowering plants appeared around 240 million years ago.
In what type of climate do trees produce narrower rings? cool and dry warm and wet cool and wet warm and dry
not cool and wet
Which material is a part of bedrock? silt plants wood water
not water silt
Which is a cause of desertification? farming creating reservoirs overgrazing driving motor vehicles
overgrazing
Osteoporosis is a disease that affects the bones and leads to an increase in bone fractures. Osteoporosis is most likely to be affected by which cycle? water phosphorus nitrogen magnesium
phosphorus
Which are limiting nutrients for plant growth? water and nitrogen nitrogen and carbon carbon and phosphorus phosphorus and nitrogen
phosphorus and nitrogen
Humans affect the carbon cycle in many ways through the use of fossil fuels, clear cutting of forests, and controlled burns. Which process can help counteract these human interactions? photosynthesis respiration decomposition building proteins
photosynthesis
Which action destroys topsoil? mowing land adding nutrients to soil plowing land without replanting sowing seeds in land
plowing land without replanting
Which is a result of topsoil loss? increased soil fertility poor crop production softened soil surface deposition of aggregate
poor crop production
What are global wind patterns called? La Niña local winds prevailing winds El Niño
prevailing winds
The ocean and the atmosphere serve as long-term storage areas for carbon and other nutrients. What are these storage areas called? reservoirs fossil fuels biostorages compounds
reservoirs
Which feature of Earth is part of the geosphere? air fish rocks glaciers
rocks
In which two types of reactions do opposite chemical changes occur? -double replacement and combustion -single replacement and double replacement -synthesis and decomposition -combustion and synthesis
synthesis and decomposition
Which factor influences both solubility and the rate of dissolution? pressure temperature particle size nature of solvent
temperature
Which is a negative effect of rising ocean temperatures? the drying out of fertile land and the formation of dust bowls the flooding of low-lying coastal areas the faster evaporation of water in the soil the decreased frequency of major storms
the flooding of low-lying coastal areas
Which phrase best describes the biosphere? the rocks on land and in the water the plants on land and in the water the animals in the air, on land, and in the water the organisms in the air, on land, and in the water
the organisms in the air, on land, and in the water
What most likely caused the ice ages? the size of tree rings and the amount of pollen grains solar flares and gassy ejections from the Sun the tilt of the Earth's axis and the shape of its orbit the temperatures of the Sun and moon
the tilt of the Earth's axis and the shape of its orbit
Why is citric acid added to food? to add color to add tartness to add bitterness to add sweetness
to add tartness
Water exits the leaves of plants and enters the atmosphere. What is this process called? photosynthesis condensation transpiration precipitation
transpiration
What is one way to make a positive impact on air quality to reduce air pollution? moving to a large city using public transportation planting crops in terraces releasing gases into the air
using public transportation
Which action has a positive effect on air resources? using fossil fuels building new homes walking to work or school removing vegetation such as trees
walking to work or school
In what type of climate do trees produce wider rings? cool and dry warm and wet cool and wet warm and dry
warm and wet
What climate conditions occur during La Niña? stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity warmer Pacific waters and warmer winters more hurricane activity and warmer Pacific waters warmer winters and stronger prevailing winds
warmer winters and stronger prevailing winds
A can of soda contains many ingredients, including vanilla, caffeine, sugar, and water. Which ingredient is the solvent? caffeine sugar vanilla water
water
Which natural resource is renewable? coal wind topsoil oil
wind
Which could cause topsoil to be lost? wind and water erosion lack of use compaction desertification
wind and water erosion
A chemist has dissolved a certain substance in water. The chemist knows that more of the substance could be dissolved into the water before it stops dissolving. Therefore, the current solution is __
✔ unsaturated
If a substance reacts with oxygen, the chemical reaction is most likely a -combustion reaction. -decomposition reaction. -single replacement reaction. -double replacement reaction.
-combustion reaction.
Which type of chemical reaction occurs in 2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O2? -synthesis -decomposition -single replacement -double replacement
-decomposition
Which is the molar mass of H2O? -10.02 g/mol -16.00 g/mol -17.01 g/mol -18.02 g/mol
-18.02 g/mol
Consider the balanced equation below. 3Fe + 4H2O = Fe3O4 + 4H2 What is the mole ratio of to Fe? -1:3 -1:4 -3:1 -4:3
-1:3
This formula equation is unbalanced.BaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) = BaCO3(s) + NaCl(aq)Which coefficient should be placed in front of NaCl to balance this equation?
-2
Acid rain can be destructive to both the natural environment and human-made structures. The equation below shows a reaction that occurs that may lead to the formation of acid rain. 3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO How many moles (precise to the nearest 0.01 mol) of nitric acid are produced from 300.00 mol of nitrogen dioxide? -200.00 mol -200.09 mol -450.00 mol -450.02 mol
-200.00 mol
The graph below shows how solubility changes with temperature. How many grams of NaCl will be needed to form 600 mL of a saturated solution at 100°C? -15 g -24 g -40 g -240 g
-240 g
Consider the reaction below. 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O How many moles of water are produced from 13.35 mol of oxygen? -6.675 mol -26.70 mol -53.40 mol -66.75 mol
-26.70 mol
The balanced equation below shows the products that are formed when butane (C4H10) is combusted. 2C4H10 + 13O2 = 8CO2 + 10H2O What is the mole ratio of butane to carbon dioxide? -2:8 -1:5 -13:8 -13:10
-2:8
Review the equation below. 2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O2 How many moles of oxygen are produced when 2 mol of potassium chlorate (KClO3) decompose? -1 -2 -3 -6
-3
The equation below shows hydrogen reacting with oxygen to produce water. 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O If 16 mol of oxygen were reacted with excess hydrogen gas, how many moles of water would be produced? -4.0 mol -8.0 mol -16 mol -32 mol
-32 mol
Consider the reaction below. 2Al2O3 = 4Al + 3O2 How many moles of oxygen are produced when 26.5 mol of aluminum oxide are decomposed? -17.7 mol -19.9 mol -39.8 mol -53.0 mol
-39.8 mol
An unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction of boron fluoride with lithium sulfite is shown below.BF3 + Li2SO3 = B2(SO3)3 + LiFWhat is the coefficient of lithium fluoride in the balanced chemical reaction?
-6
Which value gives the number of particles in 1 mol of a substance? -6.02 1021 -6.02 1022 -6.02 1023 -6.02 1024
-6.02 1023
The graph below shows how solubility changes with temperature. What is the solubility of Na2HAsO4 at 60°C? -20 g/100 mL of water -46 g/100 mL of water -65 g/100 mL of water -70 g/100 mL of water
-65 g/100 mL of water
Which is the molar mass of BF3? -10.81 g/mol -29.81 g/mol -48.81 g/mol -67.81 g/mol
-67.81 g/mol
Consider the balanced equation below. 8H2 + S8 = 8H2S Based on the mole ratios, what can most likely be predicted? -1 mol of hydrogen will react with 1 mol of sulfur. -8 mol of hydrogen will react with 1 mol of sulfur. -8 mol of hydrogen will react with 8 mol of sulfur. -16 mol of hydrogen will react with 8 mol of sulfur.
-8 mol of hydrogen will react with 1 mol of sulfur.
Which statement best describes the formation of a solution? -A large amount of solute is dissolved in a smaller amount of solvent. -A small amount of solute is dissolved in a larger amount of solvent. -A small amount of solvent is dissolved in a larger amount of solute. -A large amount of solvent is dissolved in a larger amount of solute.
-A small amount of solute is dissolved in a larger amount of solvent.
Which statement best describes a true solution? -A true solution will settle out after a short period of time. -A true solution coagulates when heated or boiled. -A true solution will not separate in a centrifuge. -A true solution has a cloudy appearance.
-A true solution will not separate in a centrifuge.
Which statement best describes the formula equation Cl2(g) + 2KBr(aq) = 2KCl(aq)+ Br2(l)? -Carbon iodide reacts with potassium bromide to form potassium carbon iodide and bromine. -Bromine gas reacts with a solution of potassium chloride to form potassium bromide and chlorine gas. -Potassium bromine gas reacts with liquid chlorine to form potassium chloride in solution and bromine gas. -Chlorine gas reacts with potassium bromide to form potassium chloride in solution and liquid bromine.
-Chlorine gas reacts with potassium bromide to form potassium chloride in solution and liquid bromine.
How are a mole and a dozen similar? -Each represents a certain mass of material. -Each names a given number of objects. -Each identifies a specific volume. -Each measures a given number of amus.
-Each names a given number of objects.
Fluorine gas is placed in contact with calcium metal at high temperatures to produce calcium fluoride powder. What is the formula equation for this reaction?
-F2(g) + Ca(s) =Tri= CaF2(s)
A solid reactant is placed into a beaker of a warm water. The liquid vigorously bubbles as the solid dissolves into the solution. What will most likely happen if the temperature of the liquid is slightly reduced? -More bubbles will be produced because the solution is becoming more concentrated. -Fewer bubbles will be produced because of fewer collisions of reactant molecules. -The solid will get smaller at a faster rate because of more collisions of reactant molecules. -The solid will get larger at a slower rate because precipitate is coming out of the solution.
-Fewer bubbles will be produced because of fewer collisions of reactant molecules.
Look at the reaction below. H2SO4 + Mg = MgSO4 +H2 Which substance is the acid in the reaction? -Mg(s) -H2(g) -MgSO4(aq) -H2SO4(aq)
-H2SO4(aq)
Which is a characteristic of a homogeneous mixture that is a liquid? -It exhibits the Tyndall effect. -Brownian motion is not visible in it. -It cannot be separated using filtration. -It has at least two phases.
-It cannot be separated using filtration.
Which best explains why blood is considered to be a suspension? -It has nutrients that cannot be dissolved. -It contains particles that can settle out. -It has nutrients that are dissolved in its liquid portion. -It contains particles that mix on a molecular level.
-It contains particles that can settle out.
Which equation is a decomposition reaction? -Li2CO3 = Li2O + CO2 -Zn + HCl = ZnCl2 + H2 -Na2O + CO2 = Na2CO3 -C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O
-Li2CO3 = Li2O + CO2
Which will cause an increase in the reaction rate between molecules? -Molecules have strong internal bonding. -Molecules collide more frequently. -Electrons in the bonds remain in a meta-stable state. -Electrons do not have enough energy to leave the bonds.
-Molecules collide more frequently.
The graph below shows how solubility changes with temperature. Which two solutions have similar solubilities at 40°C? -Na2SO4 and NaCl -Na2HAsO4 and NaCl -Na2HAsO4 and Na2SO4 -Ba(NO3)2 and Ce2(SO4)3 • 9H2O
-Na2HAsO4 and Na2SO4
Which products would form if chlorine gas was bubbled through a solution of sodium bromide? -Na and BrCl -Na and BrCl2 -NaCl and Br2 -Na(Cl)2 and Br2
-NaCl and Br2
Which applies to the collision theory? -Particles need to collide in order to react. -Particles may obtain successful collisions in any molecular orientation. -Temperature increase causes kinetic energy of particles to decrease. -Reactions do not have to begin with collision of molecules or particles.
-Particles need to collide in order to react.
Which chemical equation is unbalanced? -C + O2 = CO2 -Sr + O2 = 2SrO -6H2 + 3O2 = 6H2O -H2 + H2 + O2 = H2O + H2O
-Sr + O2 = 2SrO
Which is a characteristic of a decomposition reaction? -Substance P replaces X in the compound XY. -Substance XYZ breaks down into X, Y, and Z. -Substance Z burns in the presence of oxygen to form ZO. -Substance X combines with Y to form compound XY.
-Substance XYZ breaks down into X, Y, and Z.
Consider the equation below Na+ + Cl- = NaCl Which statement best describes the relationship between the substances in the equation? -The number of sodium ions is equal to the number of formula units of salt. -The number of sodium ions is less than the number of chloride ions. -The number of chloride ions is less than the number of formula units of salt. -The number of sodium ions is two times the number of formula units of salt.
-The number of sodium ions is equal to the number of formula units of salt.
Consider the reaction below. 2NH3(g) = N2(g) + 3H2(g) Which is most likely the effect to the forward reaction if there is an increase in pressure of the system? -The reactant surface area increases. -The reaction rate decreases. -The reaction is not affected at all. -The reaction stops completely.
-The reaction rate decreases.
Which is true about dissolving a polar substance in water? -The solvent particles are all nonpolar molecules. -The solute particles are carried into the solution. -The solute particles have no attraction for the solvent molecules. -The solute particles are very different from the solvent molecules.
-The solute particles are carried into the solution.
H2SO4 is added to a large beaker of water. How is the solution different from the original water? -The solution turns blue litmus to red. -The solution turns phenolphthalein pink. -The solution has fewer hydrogen ions. -The solution has more hydroxide ions.
-The solution turns blue litmus to red.
Which of these substances contributes to soap's slippery texture? -an acid -a base -carbonate -water
-a base
A 1-L soda bottle contains dissolved carbon dioxide gas. Which bottle would have the highest concentration of dissolved gas? -a bottle that is sealed -a bottle that was opened 1 minute ago -a bottle that was opened 1 hour ago -a bottle that was opened 1 day ago
-a bottle that is sealed
In a classroom, which comparison would a teacher most likely use for describing a mole? -a cup of water and a liter of oil -a dozen eggs and a dozen jellybeans -a jar of jellybeans and a gram of salt crystals -20 marbles in a bag and 10 large ice cubes
-a dozen eggs and a dozen jellybeans
A solid is stirred into a liquid and dissolves. Which type of mixture forms? -a colloid -an emulsion -a solution -a suspension
-a solution
Brownian motion is not observed in a mixture that includes two phases. Which best identifies the mixture? -a colloid -a suspension -a solution -an alloy
-a suspension
Five milliliters (mL) of alcohol is poured into a beaker that contains 65 mL of 2% saltwater. Which are the solutes in the new solution? -salt only -alcohol only -salt and water -alcohol and salt
-alcohol and salt
What are homogeneous mixtures of metals commonly called? -alloys -colloids -compounds -suspensions
-alloys
The formation of which product(s) will most likely be observed in a combustion reaction? -an oxide -one element and one compound -an element -two ionic compounds
-an oxide
Which of these acids occurs naturally in the body and performs important regulatory functions? -carbonic acid -acetic acid -magnesium hydroxide -sodium hydroxide
-carbonic acid
Which compound plays an important role in leather processing and electroplating? nitric acid hydrochloric acid ammonia magnesium hydroxide
hydrochloric acid