Chemistry, Groups of the Periodic Table, Chapter 4
Caesium
Alkali metal
Francium
Alkali metal
Helium
Alkali metal
Lithium
Alkali metal
Potassium
Alkali metal
Rubidium
Alkali metal
Sodium
Alkali metal
Barium
Alkaline earth metal
Beryllium
Alkaline earth metal
Calcium
Alkaline earth metal
Magnesium
Alkaline earth metal
Radium
Alkaline earth metal
Strontium
Alkaline earth metal
Metalloids
Found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn from between Boron and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under "Other Metals". These have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators.
Noble gases
Found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's, because their oxidation number of 0 prevents them from forming compounds readily. They have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell, making them stable.
Alkali metals
Group 1 of the periodic table. Very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements.
Alkaline earth metals
Group 2 of the periodic table. They all have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. They are not found free in nature.
Non-metals
Groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Cannot conduct electricity or heat very well. Very brittle. At room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light. They have oxidation numbers of ±4, -3, and -2.
Astatine
Halogen
Bromine
Halogen
Chlorine
Halogen
Fluorine
Halogen
Iodine
Halogen
Ununseptium
Halogen
Antimony
Metalloid
Arsenic
Metalloid
Boron
Metalloid
Germanium
Metalloid
Polonium
Metalloid
Silicon
Metalloid
Tellurium
Metalloid
Argon
Noble gas
Helium
Noble gas
Krypton
Noble gas
Neon
Noble gas
Radon
Noble gas
Ununoctium
Noble gas
Xenon
Noble gas
Halogens
Non-metallic elements found in group 17. The name means means "salt-former," and compounds containing these elements are called "salts". They all halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1. At room temperature, elements from this group exist in all three states of matter.
Aluminum
Other metal
Bismuth
Other metal
Gallium
Other metal
Indium
Other metal
Lead
Other metal
Thallium
Other metal
Tin
Other metal
Other metals
The 7 elements classified as "other metals" are located in groups 13, 14, and 15. These do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. All of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque. They have oxidation numbers of +3, ±4, and -3.
Transition metals
These form cations with various charges.
Actinium
Transition metal
Bohrium
Transition metal
Cadmium
Transition metal
Chromium
Transition metal
Cobalt
Transition metal
Copernicium
Transition metal
Copper
Transition metal
Darmstadtium
Transition metal
Dubnium
Transition metal
Gold
Transition metal
Hafnium
Transition metal
Hassium
Transition metal
Iridium
Transition metal
Iron
Transition metal
Lanthanum
Transition metal
Manganese
Transition metal
Meitnerium
Transition metal
Mercury
Transition metal
Molybdenum
Transition metal
Nickel
Transition metal
Niobium
Transition metal
Osmium
Transition metal
Palladium
Transition metal
Platinum
Transition metal
Rhenium
Transition metal
Rhodium
Transition metal
Roentgenium
Transition metal
Ruthenium
Transition metal
Rutherfordium
Transition metal
Scandium
Transition metal
Seaborgium
Transition metal
Silver
Transition metal
Tantalum
Transition metal
Technetium
Transition metal
Titanium
Transition metal
Tungsten
Transition metal
Vanadium
Transition metal
Yttrium
Transition metal
Zinc
Transition metal
Zirconium
Transition metal
