Chemistry, Groups of the Periodic Table, Chapter 4

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Caesium

Alkali metal

Francium

Alkali metal

Helium

Alkali metal

Lithium

Alkali metal

Potassium

Alkali metal

Rubidium

Alkali metal

Sodium

Alkali metal

Barium

Alkaline earth metal

Beryllium

Alkaline earth metal

Calcium

Alkaline earth metal

Magnesium

Alkaline earth metal

Radium

Alkaline earth metal

Strontium

Alkaline earth metal

Metalloids

Found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn from between Boron and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under "Other Metals". These have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators.

Noble gases

Found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's, because their oxidation number of 0 prevents them from forming compounds readily. They have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell, making them stable.

Alkali metals

Group 1 of the periodic table. Very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements.

Alkaline earth metals

Group 2 of the periodic table. They all have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. They are not found free in nature.

Non-metals

Groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Cannot conduct electricity or heat very well. Very brittle. At room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light. They have oxidation numbers of ±4, -3, and -2.

Astatine

Halogen

Bromine

Halogen

Chlorine

Halogen

Fluorine

Halogen

Iodine

Halogen

Ununseptium

Halogen

Antimony

Metalloid

Arsenic

Metalloid

Boron

Metalloid

Germanium

Metalloid

Polonium

Metalloid

Silicon

Metalloid

Tellurium

Metalloid

Argon

Noble gas

Helium

Noble gas

Krypton

Noble gas

Neon

Noble gas

Radon

Noble gas

Ununoctium

Noble gas

Xenon

Noble gas

Halogens

Non-metallic elements found in group 17. The name means means "salt-former," and compounds containing these elements are called "salts". They all halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1. At room temperature, elements from this group exist in all three states of matter.

Aluminum

Other metal

Bismuth

Other metal

Gallium

Other metal

Indium

Other metal

Lead

Other metal

Thallium

Other metal

Tin

Other metal

Other metals

The 7 elements classified as "other metals" are located in groups 13, 14, and 15. These do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. All of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque. They have oxidation numbers of +3, ±4, and -3.

Transition metals

These form cations with various charges.

Actinium

Transition metal

Bohrium

Transition metal

Cadmium

Transition metal

Chromium

Transition metal

Cobalt

Transition metal

Copernicium

Transition metal

Copper

Transition metal

Darmstadtium

Transition metal

Dubnium

Transition metal

Gold

Transition metal

Hafnium

Transition metal

Hassium

Transition metal

Iridium

Transition metal

Iron

Transition metal

Lanthanum

Transition metal

Manganese

Transition metal

Meitnerium

Transition metal

Mercury

Transition metal

Molybdenum

Transition metal

Nickel

Transition metal

Niobium

Transition metal

Osmium

Transition metal

Palladium

Transition metal

Platinum

Transition metal

Rhenium

Transition metal

Rhodium

Transition metal

Roentgenium

Transition metal

Ruthenium

Transition metal

Rutherfordium

Transition metal

Scandium

Transition metal

Seaborgium

Transition metal

Silver

Transition metal

Tantalum

Transition metal

Technetium

Transition metal

Titanium

Transition metal

Tungsten

Transition metal

Vanadium

Transition metal

Yttrium

Transition metal

Zinc

Transition metal

Zirconium

Transition metal


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