Chemistry Lecture: Ideal Gas Law to Non-Ideal Gas Behavior

________ law states that all gases that show ideal behavior contain the same number of molecules in the same volume (at the same temperature and pressure). Thus, the ratios of volumes of gases involved in a reaction are given by the coefficients in the chemical equation.

Avogadro's

If the number of moles of an ideal gas is kept constant under two different sets of conditions, which gas law should you us?

Combined gas law

A _____ _____ (Z) is the deviation from a ratio of 1, which indicates non-ideal gas behavior.

Compressibility factor

_______ law states that The total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

Dalton's

______ is the process by which molecules disperse in space in response to differences in concentration.

Diffusion

______ is a process involving the escape of gas molecules through a tiny hole.

Effusion

What are the two STP values?

273.15 K and 1 atm

A gas's rate of diffusion depends on three things; _____ gradient, _____ area, and _____ particles must travel.

-Concentration -Surface -Distance

When collecting gases over water, the total pressure of the mixture equals the partial pressure of the ________ plus the partial pressure of the _______ ________.

-Gas -Water vapor

When V is relatively (large/small) and n is relatively (large/small), both of these correction terms become negligible, and the van der Waal's equation reduces to the ideal gas law, PV=nRT.

-Large -Small

The kinetic molecular theory states that: 1. Gases are composed of molecules that are ______ in linear motion, and change direction only when they collide with other molecules or with the walls of a container. 2. Molecules composing the gas are (large/small) compared to the distances between them. 3. The pressure exerted by a gas in a container results from ______ between the gas molecules and the container walls. 4. Gas molecules (do/do not) exert attractive or repulsive forces on each other or the container walls. 5. The average kinetic energy of the gas is proportional to its _____.

1. Continuous 2. Small 3. Collisions 4. Do not 5. Temperature

At STP, an ideal gas has a volume of ______ L. This is called standard molar volume.

22.4

_____ law of effusion states that if two gases A and B are at the same temperature and pressure, the ratio of their effusion rates is inversely proportional to the ratio of the square roots of the masses of their particles.

Graham's

_____ law of effusion states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles.

Graham's

An ______ ______ is a hypothetical gas whose physical properties are perfectly described by the gas laws. Assumption is only reasonable for gases under conditions of low pressure and high temperature.

Ideal gas

_______ _______ of a gas is related to the total pressure of the gas mixed via its mole fraction (X).

Partial pressure

What does STP stand for?

Standard temperature and pressure?