Chemistry Regents Review 2019

Which statement describes H2O(ℓ) and H2O2(ℓ)? (pg 2 Aug 2018) (1) Both are compounds that have the same properties. (2) Both are compounds that have different properties. (3) Both are mixtures that have the same properties. (4) Both are mixtures that have different properties.

(2) Both are compounds that have different

A molecule of which compound has a multiple covalent bond? pg 3 Aug 2018) (1) CH4 (2) C2H4 (3) C3H8 (4) C4H10

(2) C2H4

Which equation represents an addition reaction? (pg 8 June 2018) (1) C3H8 + Cl2 → C3H7Cl + HCl (2) C3H6 + Cl2 → C3H6Cl2 (3) CaCl2 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3 + 2NaCl (4) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

(2) C3H6 + Cl2 → C3H6Cl2

Which half-reaction equation represents reduction? (see page 7 Jan 2019) (1) Cu → Cu^(2+) + 2e-- (2) Cu^(2+) + 2e- → Cu (3) Ag e → Ag(+) (4) Ag(+) → Ag + e-

(2) Cu^(2+) + 2e- → Cu

Given the equation representing a reaction at equilibrium: (See pg 6 Aug 2017 - question 46) If an acid is defined as an H donor, what is the acid in the forward reaction? (1) OH-(aq) (2) H2O(ℓ) (3) NH3(g) (4) NH+4(ag)

(2) H2O(ℓ)

Which substance is an Arrhenius acid? (pg 4 - Jan 2019) (1) H2 (2) HCl (3) KCl (4) NH3

(2) HCl

According to Table G, which substance forms an unsaturated solution when 80. grams of the substance are stirred into 100. grams of H2O at 10.°C? (pg 6 Aug 2017) (1) KNO3 (2) KI (3) NH3 (4) NaCl

(2) KI

The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) an electron (2) a neutron (3) an alpha particle (4) a beta particle

(2) a neutron

Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: (pg 8 June 2018) HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl- The water molecule acts as a base because it (1) donates an H+ (2) accepts an H+ (3) donates an OH- (4) accepts an OH-

(2) accepts an H+

Atoms of which element react spontaneously with Mg^2+(aq)? (pg 6 Aug 2017) (1) chromium (2) barium (3) iron (4) zinc

(2) barium

Which particle has the least mass? (pg 4 June 2018) (1) alpha particle (2) beta particle (3) neutron (4) proton

(2) beta particle

Which quantities are conserved in all chemical reactions? (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) charge, pressure, and energy (2) charge, mass, and energy (3) volume, pressure, and energy (4) volume, mass, and pressure

(2) charge, mass, and energy

According to which theory or law is a chemical reaction most likely to occur when two particles with the proper energy and orientation interact with each other? (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) atomic theory (2) collision theory (3) combined gas law (4) law of conservation of matter

(2) collision theory

Which element is malleable at STP? (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) chlorine (2) copper (3) helium (4) sulfur

(2) copper

Graphite and diamond are two forms of the same element in the solid phase that differ in their (pg 2 June 2018) (1) atomic numbers (2) crystal structures (3) electronegativities (4) empirical formulas

(2) crystal structures

A sample of gas is in a rigid cylinder with a movable piston. The pressure of the gas is kept constant. If the Kelvin temperature of the gas is doubled, the volume of the gas is (pg 6 Aug 2017) (1) halved (2) doubled (3) tripled (4) unchanged

(2) doubled

Which term is used to describe the attraction that an oxygen atom has for the electrons in a chemical bond? (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) alkalinity (2) electronegativity (3) electron configuration (4) first ionization energy

(2) electronegativity

Given the equation: I2(s) → I2(g) (pg 3 - Jan 2019) Which phrase describes this change? (1) endothermic chemical change (2) endothermic physical change (3) exothermic chemical change (4) exothermic physical change

(2) endothermic physical change

In which process does a heavy nucleus split into two lighter nuclei? (pg 4 Aug 2017) (1) titration (2) fission (3) electrolysis (4) neutralization

(2) fission

An atom of which element reacts with an atom of hydrogen to form a bond with the greatest degree of polarity? (pg 8 June 2018) (1) carbon (2) fluorine (3) nitrogen (4) oxygen

(2) fluorine

When a Mg2+ ion becomes a Mg atom, the radius increases because the Mg2 ion (pg 5 - Aug 2018) (1) gains 2 protons (2) gains 2 electrons (3) loses 2 protons (4) loses 2 electrons

(2) gains 2 electrons

Which two terms represent major categories of compounds? (pg 2 August 2018) (1) ionic and nuclear (2) ionic and molecular (3) empirical and nuclear (4) empirical and molecular

(2) ionic and molecular

At standard pressure, during which physical change does the potential energy decrease? (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) liquid to gas (2) liquid to solid (3) solid to gas (4) solid to liquid

(2) liquid to solid

Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: Ni(s) + 2HCl(aq) → NiCl2(aq) + H2(g) (pg 8 June 2018) In this reaction, each Ni atom (1) loses 1 electron (2) loses 2 electrons (3) gains 1 electron (4) gains 2 electrons

(2) loses 2 electrons

Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward (pg 3 June 2018) (1) lower energy and lower entropy (2) lower energy and higher entropy (3) higher energy and lower entropy (4) higher energy and higher entropy

(2) lower energy and higher entropy

The energy released by a nuclear fusion reaction is produced when (pg 4 August 2018) (1) energy is converted to mass (2) mass is converted to energy (3) heat is converted to temperature (4) temperature is converted to heat

(2) mass is converted to energy

A solid sample of copper is an excellent conductor of electric current. Which type of chemical bonds are in the sample? (pg 3 August 2018) (1) ionic bonds (2) metallic bonds (3) nonpolar covalent bonds (4) polar covalent bonds

(2) metallic bonds

The results of the gold foil experiment led to the conclusion that an atom is (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) mostly empty space and has a small, negatively charged nucleus (2) mostly empty space and has a small, positively charged nucleus. (3) a hard sphere and has a large, negatively charged nucleus (4) a hard sphere and has a large, positively charged nucleus

(2) mostly empty space and has a small, positively charged nucleus.

Compared to the energy released per mole of reactant during chemical reactions, the energy released per mole of reactant during nuclear reactions is (pg 4 - Jan 2019) (1) much less (2) much greater (3) slightly less (4) slightly greater

(2) much greater

The stability of an isotope is related to its ratio of (pg 4 June 2018) (1) neutrons to positrons (2) neutrons to protons (3) electrons to positrons (4) electrons to protons

(2) neutrons to protons

Which value changes when a Cu atom becomes a Cu2+ ion? (pg 4 Aug 2018) (1) mass number (2) oxidation number (3) number of protons (4) number of neutrons

(2) oxidation number

Given the formula: (see pg 6 Aug 2017 - question 42) What is a chemical name of this compound? (1) propane (2) propanal (3) propanol (4) propanone

(2) propanal

Which subatomic particles each have a mass of approximately 1 u? (pg 2 August 2018) (1) proton and electron (2) proton and neutron (3) neutron and electron (4) neutron and positron

(2) proton and neutron

Atoms are neutral because the number of (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) protons equals the number of neutrons (2) protons equals the number of electrons (3) neutrons is greater than the number of protons (4) neutrons is greater than the number of electrons

(2) protons equals the number of electrons

Compared to H2S, the higher boiling point of H2O is due to the (pg 3 Aug 2018) (1) greater molecular size of water (2) stronger hydrogen bonding in water (3) higher molarity of water (4) larger gram-formula mass of water

(2) stronger hydrogen bonding i

Given the equation for a reaction: (see pg 7 - Jan 2019) C4H10 Cl2 → C4H9Cl HCl Which type of reaction is represented by the equation? (1) addition (2) substitution (3) fermentation (4) polymerization

(2) substitution

The part of an atom that has an overall positive charge is called (pg 2 August 2018) (1) an electron (2) the nucleus (3) the first shell (4) the valence shell

(2) the nucleus

In the ground state, valence electrons of a krypton atom are found in (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) the first shell (2) the outermost shell (3) both the nucleus and the first shell (4) both the first shell and the outermost shell

(2) the outermost shell

If two atoms are isotopes of the same element, the atoms must have (pg 2 June 2018) (1) the same number of protons and the same number of neutrons (2) the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons (3) a different number of protons and the same number of neutrons (4) a different number of protons and a different number of neutrons

(2) the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons

Which electrons in a calcium atom in the ground state have the greatest effect on the chemical properties of calcium? (pg2 June 2018) (1) the two electrons in the first shell (2) the two electrons in the fourth shell (3) the eight electrons in the second shell (4) the eight electrons in the third shell

(2) the two electrons in the fourth shell

Which list includes three forms of energy? (pg 3 August 2018) (1) thermal, nuclear, electronegativity (2) thermal, chemical, electromagnetic (3) temperature, nuclear, electromagnetic (4) temperature, chemical, electronegativity

(2) thermal, chemical, electromagnetic

The table below gives the atomic mass and the abundance of the two naturally occurring isotopes of bromine See Question 32 on pg 5 Aug 2017) Which numerical setup can be used to calculate the atomic mass of the element bromine? (1) (78.92 u)(50.69) (80.92 u)(49.31) (2) (78.92 u)(49.31) (80.92 u)(50.69) (3) (78.92 u)(0.5069) (80.92 u)(0.4931) (4) (78.92 u)(0.4931) (80.92 u)(0.5069)

(3) (78.92 u)(0.5069) (80.92 u)(0.4931)

What are the two oxidation states of nitrogen in NH4NO2? (pg 7 - Jan 2019) (1) + 3 and + 5 (2) + 3 and - 5 (3) - 3 and + 3 (4) - 3 and - 3

(3) - 3 and + 3

Which solution is the best conductor of an electric current? (pg 6 Aug 2018) (1) 0.001 mole of NaCl dissolved in 1000. mL of water (2) 0.005 mole of NaCl dissolved in 1000. mL of water (3) 0.1 mole of NaCl dissolved in 1000. mL of water (4) 0.05 mole of NaCl dissolved in 1000. mL of water

(3) 0.1 mole of NaCl dissolved in 1000. mL of water

Given the formula for a compound: (see page 7 Jan 2019) What is a chemical name for this compound? (1) 1-butanamide (2) 4-butanamide (3) 1-butanamine (4) 4-butanamine

(3) 1-butanamine

Which electron configuration represents the electrons of an atom in an excited state? (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) 2-5 (2) 2-8-5 (3) 2-5-1 (4) 2-6

(3) 2-5-1

What is the total number of neutrons in an atom of K-42? (pg 6 June 2018) (1) 19 (2) 20 (3) 23 (4) 42

(3) 23

A solution contains 25 grams of KNO3 dissolved in 200. grams of H2O. Which numerical setup can be used to calculate (see pg 6 of Jan 2019) (1) 25g/175g x 100 (2) 25g/200.g x 100 (3) 25g/225g x 100 (4) 200.g/225g x 100

(3) 25g/225g x 100

Which equation represents neutralization? (pg 4 June 2018) (1) 6Li(s) + N2(g) → 2Li3N(s) (2) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s) (3) 2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(ℓ) (4) Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + PbCrO4(s)

(3) 2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(ℓ)

What is the concentration of an aqueous solution that contains 1.5 moles of NaCl in 500. milliliters of this solution? (pg 8 June 2018) (1) 0.30 M (2) 0.75 M (3) 3.0 M (4) 7.5 M

(3) 3.0 M

A rigid cylinder with a movable piston contains a sample of hydrogen gas. At 330. K, this sample has a pressure of 150. kPa and a volume of 3.50 L. What is the volume of this sample at STP? (pg 6 - Jan 2019) (1) 0.233 L (2) 1.96 L (3) 4.29 L (4) 6.26 L

(3) 4.29 L

What is the amount of heat required to completely melt a 200.-gram sample of H2O(s) at STP? (pg 6 Aug 2017) (1) 334 J (3) 66 800 J (2) 836 J (3) 66 800 J (4) 452 000 J

(3) 66 800 J

What is the vapor pressure of propanone at 50.°C? (pg 3 June 2018) (1) 37 kPa (2) 50. kPa (3) 83 kPa (4) 101 kPa

(3) 83 k

What is the amount of heat, in joules, required to increase the temperature of a 49.5-gram sample of water from 22°C to 66°C? (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) 2.2 × 103 J (2) 4.6 × 103 J (3) 9.1 × 103 J (4) 1.4 × 104 J

(3) 9.1 × 103 J

Which statement describes the charge and location of an electron in an atom? (pg 2 June 2018) (1) An electron has a positive charge and is located outside the nucleus. (2) An electron has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus. (3) An electron has a negative charge and is located outside the nucleus. (4) An electron has a negative charge and is located in the nucleus.

(3) An electron has a negative charge and is located outside the nucleus.

Which formula can represent an alkyne? (pg 3 June 2018) (1) C2H4 (2) C2H6 (3) C3H4 (4) C3H6

(3) C3H4

Given the equation representing a reaction: Cd NiO2 2H2O → Cd(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 Which half-reaction equation represents the oxidation in the reaction? (pg 6 Aug 2018) (1) Ni4+ + 2e- → Ni2+ (2) Ni4+ → Ni2+ + 2e- (3) Cd → Cd2+ + 2e- (4) Cd + 2e- → Cd2+

(3) Cd → Cd2+ + 2e-

The table below shows properties of two compounds at standard pressure. (see pg 7 Aug 2017 - question 49) Which statement classifies the two compounds? (1) Both compounds are ionic. (2) Both compounds are molecular. (3) Compound 1 is ionic, and compound 2 is molecular. (4) Compound 1 is molecular, and compound 2 is ionic.

(3) Compound 1 is ionic, and compound 2 is molecular.

Which metal reacts spontaneously with Sr^2 ions? (pg 8 June 2018) (1) Ca(s) (2) Co(s) (3) Cs(s) (4) Cu(s)

(3) Cs(s)

Which statement describes the energy changes that occur as bonds are broken and formed during a chemical reaction? (pg 3 August 2018) (1) Energy is absorbed when bonds are both broken and formed. (2) Energy is released when bonds are both broken and formed. (3) Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken, and energy is released when bonds are formed. (4) Energy is released when bonds are broken, and energy is absorbed when bonds are formed.

(3) Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken, and energy is released when bonds are formed.

The amount of randomness of the atoms in a system is an indication of the (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) entropy of the system (2) polarity of the system (3) excited state of the atoms (4) ground state of the atoms

(1) entropy of the system

Given the equation: (see pg 7 - Jan 2019) Which type of nuclear reaction is represented by the equation? (1) fission (2) fusion (3) beta decay (4) alpha decay

(1) fission

Which nuclear emission is listed with its notation? (pg 4 August 2018) (1) gamma radiation, 0/0 γ (2) proton, 4/2 He (3) neutron, 0/1β (4) alpha particle, 1/1H

(1) gamma radiation, 0/0 γ

Which properties are characteristic of Group 2 elements at STP? (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) good electrical conductivity and electronegativities less than 1.7 (2) good electrical conductivity and electronegativities greater than 1.7 (3) poor electrical conductivity and electronegativities less than 1.7 (4) poor electrical conductivity and electronegativities greater than 1.7

(1) good electrical conductivity and electronegativities less than 1.7

The concentration of which ion is increased when LiOH is dissolved in water? (pg 4 June 2018) (1) hydroxide ion (2) hydrogen ion (3) hydronium ion (4) halide ion

(1) hydroxide ion

A real gas behaves most like an ideal gas at (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) low pressure and high temperature (2) low pressure and low temperature (3) high pressure and high temperature (4) high pressure and low temperature

(1) low pressure and high temperature

Addition of a catalyst can speed up a reaction by providing an alternate reaction pathway that has a (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) lower activation energy (2) higher activation energy (3) lower heat of reaction (4) higher heat of reaction

(1) lower activation energy

In a laboratory investigation, a student separates colored compounds obtained from a mixture of crushed spinach leaves and water by using paper chromatography. The colored compounds separate because of differences in (pg 3 June 2018) (1) molecular polarity (2) malleability (3) boiling point (4) electrical conductivity

(1) molecular polarity

According to the wave-mechanical model of the atom, electrons are located in (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) orbitals (2) circular paths (3) a small, dense nucleus (4) a hard, indivisible sphere

(1) orbitals

Which reaction occurs at the anode in an electrochemical cell? (pg 4 August 2018) (1) oxidation (2) reduction (3) combustion (4) substitution

(1) oxidation

Which reaction occurs at the anode of an electrochemical cell? (pg 4 Aug 2017) (1) oxidation (2) reduction (3) neutralization (4) transmutation

(1) oxidation

A magnesium atom that loses two electrons becomes a (pg2 Aug 2017) (1) positive ion with a smaller radius (2) negative ion with a smaller radius (3) positive ion with a larger radius (4) negative ion with a larger radius

(1) positive ion with a smaller radius

Which phrase describes the motion and attractive forces of ideal gas particles? (pg 3 June 2018) (1) random straight-line motion and no attractive forces (2) random straight-line motion and strong attractive forces (3) random curved-line motion and no attractive forces (4) random curved-line motion and strong attractive forces

(1) random straight-line motion and no attractive forces

What is the concentration of AgCl in an aqueous solution that contains 1.2 10^3 gram of AgCl in 800. grams of the solution? (pg 6 Aug 2017 - question 38) (1) 1.2 ppm (2) 1.5 ppm (3) 7.2 ppm (4) 9.6 ppm

(2) 1.5 ppm

Compared to a 1.0-liter aqueous solution with a pH of 7.0, a 1.0-liter aqueous solution with a pH of 5.0 contains (pg 6 Aug 2018) (1) 10 times more hydronium ions (2) 100 times more hydronium ions (3) 10 times more hydroxide ions (4) 100 times more hydroxide ions

(2) 100 times more hydronium ions

At STP, a 12.0-liter sample of CH4(g) has the same total number of molecules as (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) 6.0 L of H2(g) at STP (2) 12.0 L of CO2(g) at STP (3) 18.0 L of HCl(g) at STP (4) 24.0 L of O2(g) at STP

(2) 12.0 L of CO2(g) at STP

Which sample at STP has the same number of atoms as 18 liters of Ne(g) at STP? (pg 3 Aug 2018) (1) 18 moles of Ar(g) (2) 18 liters of Ar(g) (3) 18 grams of H2O(g) (4) 18 milliliters of H2O(g)

(2) 18 liters of Ar(g)

At STP, which gas sample has the same number of molecules as 2.0 liters of CH4(g) at STP? (pg 3 Jan 2019) (1) 1.0 liter of C2H6(g) (2) 2.0 liters of O2(g) (3) 5.0 liters of N2(g) (4) 6.0 liters of CO2(g

(2) 2.0 liters of O2(g)

What is the number of electrons in an atom that has 20 protons and 17 neutrons? (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) 37 (2) 20 (3) 3 (4) 17

(2) 20

Which equation represents a chemical equilibrium? (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) N2(ℓ) N2(g) (2) 2NO2(g) N2O4(g) (3) CO2(s) CO2(g) (4) NH3(ℓ) NH3(g)

(2) 2NO2(g) N2O4(g)

What is the approximate mass of an atom that contains 26 protons, 26 electrons and 19 neutrons? (page 6 June 2018) (1) 26 u (2) 45 u (3) 52 u (4) 71 u

(2) 45 u

What is the number of moles of CO2 in a 220.-gram sample of CO2 (gram-formula mass 44 g/mol)? (see pg 6 of Jan 2019) (1) 0.20 mol (2) 5.0 mol (3) 15 mol (4) 44 mo

(2) 5.0 mol

A solution is prepared using 0.125 g of glucose, C6H12O6, in enough water to make 250. g of total solution. The concentration of this solution, expressed in parts per million, is (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) 5.00 × 101 ppm (2) 5.00 × 102 ppm (3) 5.00 × 103 ppm (4) 5.00 × 104 ppm

(2) 5.00 × 102 ppm

A sample of a gas in a rigid cylinder with a movable piston has a volume of 11.2 liters at STP. What is the volume of this gas at 202.6 kPa and 300. K? (pg 6 Aug 2018) (1) 5.10 L (2) 6.15 L (3) 22.4 L (4) 24.6 L

(2) 6.15 L

Which element is a liquid at 1000. K? (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) Ag (2) Al (3) Ca (4) Ni

(2) Al

Given two balanced equations, each representing a reaction: (see pg 7 Aug 2017 - question 50) Which statement compares the energy terms in these two equations? (1) Equation 1 shows 2.2 105 times more energy being absorbed. (2) Equation 2 shows 2.2 105 times more energy being absorbed. (3) Equation 1 shows 2.2 105 times more energy being released. (4) Equation 2 shows 2.2 105 times more energy being released.

(3) Equation 1 shows 2.2 105 times more energy being released.

A mixture consists of ethanol and water. Some properties of ethanol and water are given in the table on page 6 of Jan 2019 Regents .Which statement describes a property of ethanol after being separated from the mixture? (1) Ethanol is nonflammable. (2) Ethanol has a melting point of 0.°C. (3) Ethanol has a density of 0.80 g/cm3 at STP. (4) Ethanol has a boiling point of 89°C at standard pressure.

(3) Ethanol has a density of 0.80 g/cm3 at STP

Based on Table S, which group on the Periodic Table has the element with the highest electronegativity? (pg 3 June 2018) (1) Group 1 (2) Group 2 (3) Group 17 (4) Group 18

(3) Group 17

During which phase change does the entropy of a sample of H2O increase? (pg 6 - Jan 2019) (1) H2O(g) → H2O(ℓ) (2) H2O(g) → H2O(s) (3) H2O(ℓ) → H2O(g) (4) H2O(ℓ) → H2O(s)

(3) H2O(ℓ) → H2O(g)

According to Table F, which substance is most soluble in water? (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) AgCl (2) CaCO3 (3) Na2CO3 (4) SrSO4

(3) Na2CO3

Given the reaction: 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) 3O2(g) (see pg 6 of Jan 2019) How many moles of KClO3 must completely react to produce 6 moles of O2? (1) 1 mole (2) 2 moles (3) 6 moles (4) 4 moles

(4) 4 moles

Given the equation representing a reaction: 2C + 3H2 → C2H6 (pg 6 June 2018) What is the number of moles of C that must completely react to produce 2.0 moles of C2H6? (1) 1.0 mol (2) 2.0 mol (3) 3.0 mol (4) 4.0 mol

(4) 4.0 mol

At which temperature and pressure would a sample of helium behave most like an ideal gas? (pg 3 August 2018) (1) 75 K and 500. kPa (2) 150. K and 500. kPa (3) 300. K and 50. kPa (4) 600. K and 50. kPa

(4) 600. K and 50. kPa

Given the equation representing a reaction: H + H → H2 pg 3 Aug 2017) Which statement describes the energy change in this reaction? (1) A bond is broken as energy is absorbed. (2) A bond is broken as energy is released. (3) A bond is formed as energy is absorbed. (4) A bond is formed as energy is released.

(4) A bond is formed as energy is released.

The table below shows the molar concentrations of hydronium ion, H3O+, in four different solutions. (see pg 7 - Jan 2019) Which solution has the highest pH? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

(4) D

Which equation represents a reduction halfreaction? (pg 8 June 2018) (1) Fe → Fe3+ + 3e- (2) Fe + 3e- → Fe3+ (3) Fe3+ → Fe + 3e- (4) Fe3+ + 3e- → Fe

(4) Fe3+ + 3e- → Fe

Elements that have atoms with stable valence electron configurations in the ground state are found in (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) Group 1 (2) Group 8 (3) Group 11 (4) Group 18

(4) Group 18

Which equation represents energy being absorbed as a bond is broken? (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) H + H → H2 + energy (2) H + H + energy → H2 (3) H2 → H + H + energy (4) H2 + energy → H + H

(4) H2 + energy → H + H

Which substance is an electrolyte? (pg 4 Aug 2017) (1) CCl4 (2) C6H12O6 (3) SiO2 (4) H2SO4

(4) H2SO4

Which ion has the largest radius? (pg 2 June 2018) (1) Br- (2) Cl- (3) F- (4) I-

(4) I-

The table below shows data for the temperature, pressure, and volume of four gas samples. See table Data Four Gases on pg 8 June 2018 - Question 43 Which two gas samples contain the same number of molecules? (1) I and II (2) I and III (3) II and III (4) II and IV

(4) II and IV

Which two particle diagrams each represent a sample of one substance? (see question 36 pg 5 Aug 2017) (1) I and II (2) I and III (3) II and III (4) II and IV

(4) II and IV

Which metal is most easily oxidized? (pg 4 - Jan 2019) (1) Ag (2) Co (3) Cu (4) Mg

(4) Mg

Which element is classified as a metalloid? (pg 2 June 2018) (1) Cr (2) Cs (3) Sc (4) Si

(4) Si

See Bright-Line Spectra Chart on page 5 of June 2018 Each line in the spectra represents the energy (1) absorbed as an atom loses an electron (2) absorbed as an atom gains an electron (3) released as an electron moves from a lower energy state to a higher energy state (4) released as an electron moves from a higher energy state to a lower energy state

(4) released as an electron moves from a higher energy state to a lower energy state

Which type of reaction produces soap? (pg 4 August 2018) (1) polymerization (2) combustion (3) fermentation (4) saponification

(4) saponification

Given the equation representing a reaction: (see pg 6 Aug 2017 - question 43) Which type of reaction is represented by this equation? (1) addition (2) esterification (3) polymerization (4) substitution

(4) substitution

Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O + energy (pg 5 Aug 2018) Which type of reaction is represented by this equation? (1) decomposition (2) double replacement (3) single replacement (4) synthesis

(4) synthesis

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter is expressed as (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) density (2) volume (3) pressure (4) temperature

(4) temperature

Which term identifies a factor that will shift a chemical equilibrium? (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) atomic radius (2) catalyst (3) decay mode (4) temperature

(4) temperature

Which form of energy is transferred when an ice cube at 0°C is placed in a beaker of water at 50°C? (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) chemical (2) electrical (3) nuclear (4) thermal

(4) thermal

Given the equation representing a reaction: (see pg 6 Aug 2018 #50) Which type of reaction is represented by this equation? (1) neutralization (2) polymerization (3) substitution (4) transmutation

(4) transmutation

Which numerical setup can be used to calculate the heat energy required to completely melt 100. grams of H2O(s) at 0°C? (pg 6 - Jan 2019) (1) (100. g)(334 J/g) (2) (100. g)(2260 J/g) (3) (100. g)(4.18 J/g•K)(0°C) (4) (100. g)(4.18 J/g•K)(273 K)

(1) (100. g)(334 J/g)

Based on Table I, what is the H value for the production of 1.00 mole of NO2(g) from its elements at 101.3 kPa and 298 K? (pg 8 June 2018) (1) +33.2 kJ (2) -33.2 kJ (3) +132.8 kJ (4) -132.8 kJ

(1) +33.2 kJ

As a 15.1-gram sample of a metal absorbs 48.75 J of heat, its temperature increases 25.0 K. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal? (see question 41 on pg 6 Aug 2017) (1) 0.129 J/g•K (2) 1.95 J/g•K (3) 3.23 J/g•K (4) 7.74 J/g•K

(1) 0.129 J/g•K

What is the net charge of an ion that has 11 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons? (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) 1+ (2) 2+ (3) 1- (4) 2-

(1) 1+

In a titration, 5.0 mL of a 2.0 M NaOH(aq) solution exactly neutralizes 10.0 mL of an HCl(aq) solution. What is the concentration of the HCl(aq) solution? (1) 1.0 M (2) 2.0 M (3) 10. M (4) 20. M

(1) 1.0 M

Which electron configuration represents the electrons in an atom of sodium in the ground state at STP? (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) 2-8-1 (2) 2-7-2 (3) 2-8-6 (4) 2-7-7

(1) 2-8-1

At which temperature will Hg(ℓ) and Hg(s) reach equilibrium in a closed system at 1.0 atmosphere? (pg 3 June 2018) (1) 234 K (2) 273 K (3) 373 K (4) 630. K

(1) 234 K

Which equation shows conservation of mass and energy for a reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K? (pg 5 Aug 2017 - question 35) (1) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + 483.6 kJ (2) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(ℓ) + 285.8 kJ (3) H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(g) + 483.6 kJ (4) H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(ℓ) + 285.8 kJ

(1) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + 483.6 kJ

The table below shows the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in four ions. (see pg 6 June 2018) Which ion has a charge of 2? (1) A (2) E (3) G (4) J

(1) A

Which substance can not be decomposed by chemical means? (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) C (2) CO (3) CO2 (4) C3O2

(1) C

The empirical formula for butene is (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) CH2 (2) C2H4 (3) C4H6 (4) C4H8

(1) CH2

Given the balanced ionic equation representing a reaction: (pg 8 June 2018) Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) During this reaction, electrons are transferred from (1) Cu(s) to Ag+(aq) (2) Cu2+(aq) to Ag(s) (3) Ag(s) to Cu2+(aq) (4) Ag+(aq) to Cu(s)

(1) Cu(s) to Ag+(aq)

Given the balanced ionic equation representing a reaction: Zn(s) Co2(aq) → Zn2(aq) Co(s) (see pg 7 - Jan 2019) Which statement describes the electrons involved in this reaction? (1) Each Zn atom loses 2 electrons, and each Co^(2+) ion gains 2 electrons. (2) Each Zn atom loses 2 electrons, and each Co^(2+) ion loses 2 electrons. (3) Each Zn atom gains 2 electrons, and each Co^(2+) ion loses 2 electrons. (4) Each Zn atom gains 2 electrons, and each Co^(2+) ion gains 2 electrons.

(1) Each Zn atom loses 2 electrons, and each Co^(2+) ion gains 2 electrons.

What is the formula for iron(II) oxide? (pg 6 - Jan 2019) (1) FeO (2) FeO2 (3) Fe2O (4) Fe2O3

(1) FeO

The least polar bond is found in a molecule of (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) HI (2) HF (3) HCl (4) HBr

(1) HI

A cube of iron at 20.°C is placed in contact with a cube of copper at 60.°C. Which statement describes the initial flow of heat between the cubes? (pg 3 August 2018) (1) Heat flows from the copper cube to the iron cube. (2) Heat flows from the iron cube to the copper cube. (3) Heat flows in both directions between the cubes. (4) Heat does not flow between the cubes

(1) Heat flows from the copper cube to the iron cube.

Which statement describes a chemical property of iron? (pg 2 June 2018) (1) Iron oxidizes. (2) Iron is a solid at STP. (3) Iron melts. (4) Iron is attracted to a magnet.

(1) Iron oxidizes.

Which formula represents ammonium nitrate? (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) NH4NO3 (2) NH4NO2 (3) NH4(NO3)2 (4) NH4(NO2)2

(1) NH4NO3

At 298 K and 1 atm, which noble gas has the lowest density? (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) Ne (2) Kr (3) Xe (4) Rn

(1) Ne

Which element is classified as a metalloid? (pg 2 August 2018) (1) Te (2) S (3) Hg (4) I

(1) Te

Which statement describes the charge distribution and the polarity of a CH4 molecule? (pg 3 June 2018) (1) The charge distribution is symmetrical and the molecule is nonpolar. (2) The charge distribution is asymmetrical and the molecule is nonpolar. (3) The charge distribution is symmetrical and the molecule is polar. (4) The charge distribution is asymmetrical and the molecule is polar.

(1) The charge distribution is symmetrical and the molecule is nonpolar.

A beaker contains a dilute sodium chloride solution at 1 atmosphere. What happens to the number of solute particles in the solution and the boiling point of the solution, as more sodium chloride is dissolved? (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) The number of solute particles increases, and the boiling point increases. (2) The number of solute particles increases, and the boiling point decreases. (3) The number of solute particles decreases, and the boiling point increases. (4) The number of solute particles decreases, and the boiling point decreases

(1) The number of solute particles increases, and the boiling point increases.

What is the chemical formula of titanium(II) oxide? (pg 5 Aug 2017) (1) TiO (2) Ti2O (3) TiO2 (4) Ti2O3

(1) TiO

What is represented by the chemical formula PbCl2(s)? (pg 3 June 2018) (1) a substance (2) a solution (3) a homogeneous mixture (4) a heterogeneous mixture

(1) a substance

Which sample of matter is a mixture? (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) air (2) ammonia (3) manganese (4) water

(1) air

Which nuclear emission has the least penetrating power and the greatest ionizing ability? (see page 7 Jan 2019) (1) alpha particle (2) beta particle (3) gamma ray (4) positron

(1) alpha particle

Which substance can be broken down by chemical means? (pg 2 August 2018) (1) ammonia (2) aluminum (3) antimony (4) argon

(1) ammonia

Which type of matter can not be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical change? (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) an element (2) a solution (3) a mixture (4) a compound

(1) an element

The weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occuring isotopes of an element is the (pg 2 June 2018) (1) atomic mass of the element (2) atomic number of the element (3) mass number of each isotope (4) formula mass of each isotope

(1) atomic mass of the element

The elements on the Periodic Table of the Elements are arranged in order of increasing (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) atomic number (2) mass number (3) number of neutrons (4) number of valence electrons

(1) atomic number

The temperature of a substance is a measure of the (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) average kinetic energy of its particles (2) average potential energy of its particles (3) ionization energy of its particles (4) activation energy of its particles

(1) average kinetic energy of its particles

What is the chemical name for the compound CH3CH2CH2CH3? (pg 6 Aug 2018) (1) butane (2) butene (3) decane (4) decene

(1) butane

Which compound is saturated? (pg3 - Jan 2019) (1) butane (2) ethene (3) heptene (4) pentyn

(1) butane

Which radioisotope is used to determine the age of once-living organisms? (pg 4 Aug 2017) (1) carbon-14 (2) cobalt-60 (3) iodine-131 (4) uranium-238

(1) carbon-14

Which energy conversion occurs in an operating voltaic cell? (pg 4 June 2018) (1) chemical energy to electrical energy (2) chemical energy to nuclear energy (3) electrical energy to chemical energy (4) electrical energy to nuclear energy

(1) chemical energy to electrical energy

Given the information in the table on page 5 on January 2019 regents) Diamond and graphite have different properties because they have different (1) crystal structures (2) electronegativities (3) numbers of protons per atom (4) numbers of valence electrons per atom

(1) crystal structures

Which process requires energy to decompose a substance? (pg 4 June 2018) (1) electrolysis (2) neutralization (3) sublimation (4) synthesis

(1) electrolysis

Which two terms represent types of chemical formulas? (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) empirical and molecular (2) polar and nonpolar (3) synthesis and decomposition (4) saturated and concentrated

(1) empirical and molecular

Which statement describes an electrolyte? (pg 4 - Jan 2019) (1) An electrolyte conducts an electric current as a solid and dissolves in water. (2) An electrolyte conducts an electric current as a solid and does not dissolve in water. (3) When an electrolyte dissolves in water, the resulting solution conducts an electric current. (4) When an electrolyte dissolves in water, the resulting solution does not conduct an electric current.

(3) When an electrolyte dissolves in water, the resulting solution conducts an electric current.

See Bright-Line Spectra Chart on page 5 of June 2018 Which elements are present in this mixture? (1) D and A (2) D and Z (3) X and A (4) X and Z

(3) X and A

Which phrase describes an Al atom? (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) a negatively charged nucleus, surrounded by negatively charged electrons (2) a negatively charged nucleus, surrounded by positively charged electrons (3) a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by negatively charged electrons (4) a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by positively charged electrons

(3) a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by negatively charged electrons

An atom of which element has the strongest attraction for the electrons in a bond? (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) aluminum (2) carbon (3) chlorine (4) lithium

(3) chlorine

A chemical reaction occurs when reactant particles (pg 3 June 2018) (1) are separated by great distances (2) have no attractive forces between them (3) collide with proper energy and proper orientation (4) convert chemical energy into nuclear energy

(3) collide with proper energy and proper orientation

For a reaction system at equilibrium, LeChatelier's principle can be used to predict the (pg 4 August 2018) (1) activation energy for the system (2) type of bonds in the reactants (3) effect of a stress on the system (4) polarity of the product molecules

(3) effect of a stress on the system

Which term represents the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule? (pg 2 Jan 2019) (1) atomic number (2) mass number (3) formula mass (4) percent composition by mass

(3) formula mass

Which process converts mass into energy? (pg 4 Aug 2017) (1) distillation of ethanol (2) filtration of a mixture (3) fusion of hydrogen atoms (4) ionization of cesium atoms

(3) fusion of hydrogen atoms

When a sample of Ca(s) loses 1 mole of electrons in a reaction with a sample of O2(g), the oxygen (pg 4 Aug 20147) (1) loses 1 mole of electrons (2) loses 2 moles of electrons (3) gains 1 mole of electrons (4) gains 2 moles of electrons

(3) gains 1 mole of electrons

In terms of entropy and energy, systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward (pg 3 August 2018) (1) lower entropy and lower energy (2) lower entropy and higher energy (3) higher entropy and lower energy (4) higher entropy and higher energy

(3) higher entropy and lower energy

Which phrase describes a risk of using the radioisotope Co-60 in treating cancer? (pg 4 - Jan 2019) (1) production of acid rain (2) production of greenhouse gases (3) increased biological exposure (4) increased ozone depletion

(3) increased biological exposure

The energy released during a nuclear reaction is a result of (pg 4 June 2018) (1) breaking chemical bonds (2) forming chemical bonds (3) mass being converted to energy (4) energy being converted to mass

(3) mass being converted to energy

Which type of reaction occurs when an Arrhenius acid reacts with an Arrhenius base to form a salt and water? (pg 4 - Jan 2019) (1) combustion (2) decomposition (3) neutralization (4) saponification

(3) neutralization

Amines, amides, and amino acids are categories of (pg 3 August 2018) (1) isomers (2) isotopes (3) organic compounds (4) inorganic compounds

(3) organic compounds

Based on Table S, an atom of which element has the strongest attraction for electrons in a chemical bond? (pg 3 August 2018) (1) chlorine (2) nitrogen (3) oxygen (4) selenium

(3) oxygen

Dating once-living organisms is an example of a beneficial use of (pg 4 August 2018) (1) redox reactions (2) organic isomers (3) radioactive isotopes (4) neutralization reactions

(3) radioactive isotopes

Given the equation representing a reaction: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) (pg 6 June 2018) Which type of chemical reaction is represented by the equation? (1) synthesis (2) decomposition (3) single replacement (4) double replacement

(3) single replacement

The discovery of the electron as a subatomic particle was a result of (pg 2 August 2018) (1) collision theory (2) kinetic molecular theory (3) the gold-foil experiment (4 ) experiments with cathode ray tubes

(3) the gold-foil experiment

Which term identifies a form of energy? (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) combustion (2) exothermic (3) thermal (4) electrolytic

(3) thermal

What is the molarity of 0.50 liter of an aqueous solution that contains 0.20 mole of NaOH (gram-formula mass = 40. g/mol)? (see pg 6 of Jan 2019) (1) 0.10 M (2) 0.20 M (3) 2.5 M (4) 0.40 M

(4) 0.40 M

n a laboratory activity, the density of a sample of vanadium is determined to be 6.9 g/cm3 at room temperature. What is the percent error for the determined value? (pg 6 Aug 2018) (1) 0.15% (2) 0.87% (3) 13% (4) 15%

(4) 15%

Which electron configuration represents the electrons in an atom of calcium in an excited state? (pg 5 Aug 2017) (1) 2-8-8 (2) 2-8-8-2 (3) 2-7-8-1 (4) 2-7-8-3

(4) 2-7-8-3

Which electron configuration represents a potassium atom in an excited state? (pg 6 June 2018) (1) 2-7-6 (2) 2-8-5 (3) 2-8-8-1 (4) 2-8-7-2

(4) 2-8-7-2

Which equation represents a conservation of charge? (pg 5 Aug 2018) (1) 2Fe3+ Al → 2Fe2+ + Al3+ (2) 2Fe3+ 2Al → 3Fe2+ + 2Al3+ (3) 3Fe3+ 2Al → 2Fe2+ + 2Al3+ (4) 3Fe3+ Al → 3Fe2+ Al3+

(4) 3Fe3+ Al → 3Fe2+ Al3+

Compared to a solution with a pH value of 7, a solution with a thousand times greater hydronium ion concentration has a pH value of (pg 6 Aug 2017) (1) 10 (2) 7 (3) 3 (4) 4

(4) 4

The table below lists properties of selected elements at room temperature. See pg 7 June 2018 table, Question 39 "Properties of Selected Elements at Room Temperature" Based on this table, which statement describes how two of these elements can be differentiated from each other? (1) Gold can be diifferentiated from tungsten based on density. (2) Gold can be differentiated from sodium based on malleability. (3) Sodium can be differentiated from tungsten based on conductivity. (4) Sodium can be differentiated from iodine based on malleability.

(4) Sodium can be differentiated from iodine based on malleability.

What evidence indicates that the nuclei of strontium-90 atoms are unstable? (pg 4 August 2018) (1) Strontium-90 electrons are in the excited state. (2) Strontium-90 electrons are in the ground state. (3) Strontium-90 atoms spontaneously absorb beta particles. (4) Strontium-90 atoms spontaneously emit beta particles.

(4) Strontium-90 atoms spontaneously emit beta particles.

Which statement explains why a xenon atom is electrically neutral? (pg 2 June 2018) (1) The atom has fewer neutrons than electrons. (2) The atom has more protons than electrons. (3) The atom has the same number of neutrons and electrons. (4) The atom has the same number of protons and electrons.

(4) The atom has the same number of protons and electrons.

According to kinetic molecular theory, which statement describes one characteristic of an ideal gas system? (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) The distance between gas molecules is smaller than the diameter of one gas molecule. (2) The attractive force between two gas molecules is strong. (3) The energy of the system decreases as gas molecules collide. (4) The straight-line motion of the gas molecules is constant and random.

(4) The straight-line motion of the gas molecules is constant and random.

Which metal reacts spontaneously with NiCl2(aq)? (pg 6 Aug 2018) (1) Au(s) (2) Cu(s) (3) Sn(s) (4) Zn(s)

(4) Zn(s)

The three nuclides, U-233, U-235, and U-238, are isotopes of uranium because they have the same number of protons per atom and (pg 5 - Jan 2019) (1) the same number of electrons per atom (2) the same number of neutrons per atom (3) a different number of electrons per atom (4) a different number of neutrons per atom

(4) a different number of neutrons per atom

According to the wave-mechanical model, an orbital is defined as the most probable location of (pg 2 August 2018) (1) a proton (2) a neutron (3) a positron (4) an electron

(4) an electron

A molecule of any organic compound has at least one (pg 3 June 2018) (1) ionic bond (2) double bond (3) oxygen atom (4) carbon atom

(4) carbon atom

Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide have (pg 2 June 2018) (1) the same chemical properties and the same physical properties (2) the same chemical properties and different physical properties (3) different chemical properties and the same physical properties (4) different chemical properties and different physical properties

(4) different chemical properties and different physical properties

An alcohol and an ether have the same molecular formula, C2H6O. These two compounds have (pg 4 - Jan 2019) (1) the same functional group and the same physical and chemical properties (2) the same functional group and different physical and chemical properties (3) different functional groups and the same physical and chemical properties (4) different functional groups and different physical and chemical properties

(4) different functional groups and different physical and chemical properties

Given the formulas of two substances: See Question 33 on pg 5 Aug 2017) These diagrams represent substances that have (1) the same molecular structure and the same physical properties (2) the same molecular structure and different physical properties (3) different molecular structures and the same physical properties (4) different molecular structures and different physical properties

(4) different molecular structures and different physical properties

At STP, O2(g) and O3(g) are two forms of the same element that have (pg 2 Aug 2018) (1) the same molecular structure and the same properties (2) the same molecular structure and different properties (3) different molecular structures and the same properties (4) different molecular structures and different properties

(4) different molecular structures and different properties

Given the equation representing a chemical reaction: NaCl(aq) AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) AgCl(s) (see page 5 on January 2019 regents) This reaction is classified as a (1) synthesis reaction (2) decomposition reaction (3) single replacement reaction (4) double replacement reaction

(4) double replacement reaction

A reaction is most likely to occur when the colliding particles have proper orientation and (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) mass (2) volume (3) half-life (4) energy

(4) energy

The discovery of the electron as a subatomic particle was a result of (pg 2 August 2018) (1) collision theory (2) kinetic molecular theory (3) the gold-foil experiment (4) experiments with cathode ray tubes

(4) experiments with cathode ray tubes

Compared to an atom of C-12, an atom of C-14 has a greater (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) number of electrons (2) number of protons (3) atomic number (4) mass number

(4) mass number

Paper chromatography can separate the components of a mixture of colored dyes because the components have differences in (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) decay mode (2) thermal conductivity (3) ionization energy (4) molecular polarity

(4) molecular polarity

At standard pressure, the boiling point of an unsaturated NaNO3(aq) solution increases when (pg 3 Aug 2017) (1) the solution is diluted with water (2) some of the NaNO3(aq) solution is removed (3) the solution is stirred (4) more NaNO3(s) is dissolved in the solution

(4) more NaNO3(s) is dissolved in the solution

When a sample of CO2(s) becomes CO2(g), there is a change in (pg 2 Aug 2017) (1) bond type (2) gram-formula mass (3) molecular polarity (4) particle arrangement

(4) particle arrangement

The use of uranium-238 to determine the age of a geological formation is a beneficial use of (pg 4 June 2018) (1) nuclear fusion (2) nuclear fission (3) radioactive isomers (4) radioactive isotopes

(4) radioactive isotopes

Which Lewis electron-dot diagram represents the bonding in potassium iodide? (see pg 7 Aug 2017 - question 48) 1 2 3 4

1

Which formula represents an asymmetrical molecule? (pg 2 Aug 2018) (1) CH4 (2) CO2 (3) N2 (4) NH3

4) NH3

The equation below represents a reaction between two molecules, X2 and Z2. These molecules form an "activated complex," which then forms molecules of the product. (see pg 6 - Aug 2018) Which diagram represents the most likely orientation of X2 and Z2 when the molecules collide with proper energy, producing an activated complex?

Answer #2

Given the formula representing a compound: (pg 4 Question 22 - June 2018) Which formula represents an isomer of this compound? (pg 4 Question 22 - June 2018) Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 3 Diagram 4

Diagram 2

see pg 7 June 2018 - Question 40 Which particle diagram represents a mixture? Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 3 Diagram 4

Diagram 3