Chemistry test ch5
Group 13 (3a) The ________ family All metals except for ______ __________ is an important metal because it has high strength and low density
boron Boron aluminum
Why was chlorine isolated before fluorine? Does this apply to other elements? If so, to which ones?
chlorine < fluorine making it less active and therefore easier to isolate. Yes, it can be applied to elements like oxygen and sulfur.
Of the elements Ag, Al, Ar, Au, C, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, Hg, O, Pb, U, and W, which fit the following descriptions? (Note: More than one element may be used to answer a question.) a. the principal metal found in human bones b. used as an energy source for generating electricity in nu- clear power plants c. forms a corrosion-proof reflective coating for telescope mirrors d. can exist as diamond, graphite, or charcoal e. used to disinfect the water in swimming pools f. fills fluorescent lamp tubes
A calcium B uranium C aluminum D carbon E chlorine F argon and mercury
Which element a. is the most abundant in the earth's atmosphere by volume? b. is the most abundant in the earth's crust by mass?
A nitrogen B oxygen
Two types of element groups
A- main B- transition
How does the hardness of the alkali metals compare to that of other metals?
Alkali metals are much softer
The noble gases family chemical properties
Almost inert very little attraction low boiling and freezing points
Hydrogen's uses
Ammonia fuel cells rocket fuel
What about Mosley what did he do?
Arrange elements by atomic number
Metalloids uses
Arsenic:poisoning and medicine silicone:computer chips base of mineral world
Aluminum's ore is called
Bauxite
Supposed to have initially form hydrogen and helium
Big bang
Why are both alkali metals and halogens very reactive?
Both are close to having a full outer level of electrons
transition metals uses
Building Electricity decoration human body paints (titanium)
Hydrogen's chemical properties
Burns rapidly named "water former" Diatomic Can react with metals to form metallic hydrides
Group 14 (4a) __________ family __________ is the most important element it can vary from coal to graphite Two diamonds to nanotubes depending on the _______ between carbon atoms Silicone is found in _____ used in ___
Carbon Carbon Bonds Sand Glass
The nitrogen family physical properties
Colorless odorless tasteless diatomic gas
Hydrogen's Physical properties
Colorless odorless tasteless gas
Oxygen physical properties
Colorless odorless tasteless gas
The noble gases family physical properties
Colorless odorless tasteless gases
Oxygen uses
Combustion life rust
What did Mendeleev do?
Developed the periodic table
Created a list of elements based on triads
Döbereiner
The desire for more electrons Energy released when an electron joins an atom The more atoms want to gain electrons The greater the energy they will release Greatest for flourine
Electron affinity
Periodic trends
Electron affinity Electronegativity
Tug-of-war with electrons The desire of atoms to attract Electrons when bonded Discovered by Linus Pauling Greatest for flourine Most important of these three properties
Electronegativity
1- 8a then B's
European convention
The vertical section of the periodic table All elements in each section have the same number of valance electron and properties
Family group
Halogen uses
Fluorine- teeth Chlorine- pools bleach Iodine- thyroid gland
Give two names for vertical columns in the periodic table.
Groups or families
Group 17 (7a) The _______ family
Halogen
alkaline earth metals physical properties
Heavy or hard or less shiny then group 1
Noble gases uses
Helium for balloons and deep-sea diving And Ne/Kr/Xe -lighting
_______A family of its own Can lose or gain one electron discovered by _______
Hydrogen Cavendish
Explain why hydrogen is often considered a family by itself.
Hydrogen has an electron configuration and chemical properties similar to group 1A and sevenA but it is a gas-a physical property of nonmetals
The inner transition levels uses
Industry nuclear fission /splitting\ and bombs and powerplants
The inner transition levels chemical properties
Known mainly for their radioactivity not chemical activity
Made the first list of 30 substances he thought were elements
Lavoisier
alkaline earth metals chemical properties
Less reactive than group 1 have two electrons to lose
alkali metals physical properties
Light soft shiny conducts electricity well Easily cut
He was a German scientist who made a table almost identical to mendeleev's mendeleev's Table was published first
Lother Meyer
1-18
Lupac
Develop the periodic table by arranging elements by atomic mass (like Newlands) included transition metals Left blank's when properties or mass did not fit and predicted the properties of the missing elements
Mendeleev
Why were several elements in odd places in Mendeleev's table? How was the problem corrected?
Mendeleev organized by atomic mass Moseley corrected problems by arranging by atomic number
Elements whose properties lie between those of metal and nonmetal Found on the heavy stair step line in the periodic table
Metalloid
Usually solid shiny malleable ductile Conduct heat and electricity Lose electrons in a chemical reaction
Metals
alkaline earth metals uses
Mg: light alloys lighting Ca: bone constructions Mg & Ca: make "hard water"
Change the order of the periodic table to that of an atomic number now all the elements fit
Moseley
transition metals physical properties
Most are fairly hard and heavy most shine most conduct electricity well they are typical metals
Halogen chemical properties
Most reactive flourine has the highest electronegativity Form Salts when react with metals Want to gain electrons
alkali metals chemical properties
Most reactive metals Eager to lose lone outer electrons Never occur naturally More reactive going down the table
alkali metals uses
Na:human body K: Human body fertilizers
Arrange elements by atomic mass, observed the law of octaves and included the transition metals
Newlands
Group 15 (5a) - _________ Makes up _____ of the atmosphere Discovered by ____________
Nitrogen Family 78% Daniel Rutherford
Nitrogen family uses
Nitrogen: ammonia smog laughing gas Phosphorus: fertilizer Arsenic: poison
Group 18 (8a) The _____________ family
Noble gases
Metals to the left of the periodic table. Gases or soft crumbly solids. Gain electrons in chemical reactions.
Nonmetals
S and P sublevels are A D and F sublevels are B
North American convention
Forms of the periodic table
North American convention European convention Lupac
The metalloids chemical properties
Not very active "in between"
What is the purpose of the periodic table?
Organized so the properties can be easily managed and remembered
Group 16 (6a) __________ family Discovered by ________
Oxygen Priestly
03-3 atoms of oxygen bonded together Found in upper atmosphere Blocks of UV rays Also forms near lightning
Ozone
The inner transition levels Physical properties
Paramagnetic
Weekly attracted to magnetic fields because of unpaired electrons
Paramagnetic
Horizontal section of the periodic table represents the energy level
Period
Properties of elements very with their atomic numbers in a systematic way every so often
Periodic law
_________ Greek for "______ ______"
Phosphorous like bearer
transition metals chemical properties
Range from gold to iron
Sulfur chemical properties
Reactive not as much as oxygen forms sulfides
Aluminum
Reactive: it can't be found here in the earth It resists corrosion It corrodes (rusts) only when layer thick; it doesn't flake off like iron rust does It used to be a precious metal
The nitrogen family chemical properties
Relatively inert bonded tightly in pairs
Main groups are ________ located on the ______ and _______. Represent ____ and ____ sublevels. The number over the group equal the number of ______
Representative groups Left Right S P Valence electrons
The metalloids physical properties
Shine conduct electricity but not well /semiconductors/
Problems with triads
Soon more elements were found; there were more than three similar elements to a group
Known since Old Testament times as brimstone
Sulfur
Sulfur uses
Sulfuric acid acid rain
Every eighth element repeated properties
The law of octaves
Why can't the 1 A metals gain one electron if they have one electron like hydrogen which can lose or gain one electron
The outer electron is not in the S sub level
Group 13- 16
The post transition metals and metalloids
Mendeleev Had a problem {the table had a problem not him}what was the problem?
The problem was that some elements were out of order when position by atomic mass (ex: Ar-K)
Phosphorus chemical properties
Too reactive to be found pure
Only produce in nuclear reactions Exist up the element 118 (some not yet connected) Some still have a temporary three little symbol
Transuranium Elements Beyond Z = 92
Groups of three elements with similar properties
Triads
Halogen physical properties
Very from light to dark colored gases (except iodine-a solid going down the table) Fluorine-pale yellow gas chlorine-greenish yellow gas bromine- reddish brown liquid iodine-dark purple black crystal solid odor
Oxygen chemical properties
Very reactive forms oxides
Phosphorus physical properties
Yellow red or black solid
Sulfur physical properties
Yellow solid has several forms
16. Of the elements Al, Au, Br, Ca, Cs, F, H, He, Hg, I, K, Mg, Na, O, P, S, and Si, which satisfy the following conditions? (Note: More than one element may be used to answer a question.) a. gaseous at room temperature b. liquid at room temperature c. soft metal d. a constituent of table salt e. found in salt replacements f. responsible for making water hard g. relatively inactive solid metal h. found in glass and many minerals i. a constituent of bauxite j. glows in the dark k. called brimstone in the Bible 1. most electronegative element m. required for proper function of the thyroid gland n. used in balloons o. a gas chemically similar to alkali metals
a. F,H,He,O b. Br, Hg c. Cs, K, Na d. Na e. K f. Ca, Mg g. Au h. Si i. Al j. P k. S l. F m. I (Iodine) n. He o. H
Identify each of the following elements as an actinide, an al- kali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, a halogen, a lanthanide, a metalloid, a noble gas, a transition metal, or a post-transition metal. Use the most specific term that applies. a. antimony b. tungsten c. argon d. iron e. bromine f. cesium g. cerium h. uranium i. calcium j. lithium
a. metalloid b. transition metal c. noble gas d. transition metal e. halogen f. alkali metal g. lanthanides h. actinide i. alkaline-earth metal j. alkali metal
Group 1 (has H but its a gas/seperate)
alkali metals
Group 2
alkaline earth metals
The metalloids have properties of
metals and nonmetals
Why were pure metals like gold, silver, and copper known in Old Testament times, but metals like sodium, aluminum, and potassium were not discovered until relatively recently?
metals with low chemical activity such as precious metals are easily found as native minerals. active metals do not occur in their pure state so they have to be isolated by experimentation
Repetition of a property on a regular basis
periodicity
Give two names for horizontal rows in the periodic table.
periods or series
Group 3-12
transition metals
