CHES

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internal consultant

at work within the agency, informally advising

types of evaluation models

attainment, decison-making, goal-free, naturalistic, systematic analysis and utlization-focused

types of reliability

internal consistency- intercorrelations among items within an instrument test-retest: considers evidence of stability over time rater- considers differences among scorers of items and controls for variation due to error introduced by rater perceptions

training needs

intervention characteristics/requirements, skills, knowledge, and experience of selected training participants, and the setting for the training.

societal level

effective health communications can influence norms policies laws and environments

grassroots

efforts originate from individuals within a community rather originating with health agencies

factors that hinder implementation

lack of community support, agency administration support, or funding, lack of time, lack of funding, lack of coordination of resources

transformational leader approach

leaders ask followers to place their own interest second to the good of the group

goal-free evaluation model

not based on goals, evaluator searches for all outcomes including unintended positive and negative side effect

phasing in

offers the program in increments rather than all at once (phased by limiting number of participants, locations, or interventions offered(

Medline

bibliographic database = Pubmed

networking

exchanging information for mutual benefits

learning objective

short-term changes in knowledge, attitude and practives

tertiary data source

publications such as encyclopedias or other compendia that sum up secondary and primary sources

objectives

"Who will do How Much of What by When" describe in measurable terms the changes in behavior attitude knowledge skills or health status that will occur as a result of the program (small specific steps that enable the goal to be met)

theories

"set of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables, in order to explain & predict events or situations" -abstract in nature they provide a guide as to what to expect about human nature -helps specialist measure change

identify factors that enhance or compromise health

(B.E.L.P.) -biological (genetics) -environmental (food air water) -lifestyle (diet & sexual behaviors) -psychosocial (poverty, stress, personality, cultural factors)

scientific research question

-carefully aligned with the the purpose of the investigation. -"clearly and unambiguously, a scientific research question implies possibilities of empirical testing." -solutions to these questions will contribute to the body of organized knowledge and contribute to new problems and further research

evaluate the effectiveness of expert consultation

1) identify eval questions 2) assessment of achievement of questions 3) dissemination of findings

national task force developed

1978, NTFPPHE-> NCHEC in 1988

analyze assessment findings

1. analyze data, primary, 2ndary 2. compare data to state, local, national, or historical 3. consider the social, cultural & political environment 4. set priorities-asess size of problem, effectiveness of interventions, resources, acceptability, appropriateness

factors that influence health behavior

1. behavioral (lifestyle) of an individual, group or community 2. environmental-determinants outside the individual that can be modified to support behavior, health or quality of life. 3. individual- educational, social, cultural characteristics of the individual (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions related to health)

1.1 identify existing and needed resources to conduct needs assessment

1. determine the scope of work and purpose 2.gather date 3. analyze data. 4. identify factors linked to health problems 5. identify focus for the program 6. validate the need before continuing planning

CDC 6 steps Framework for evaluation

1. engage stakeholder 2. describe the program 3. focus the evaluation design 4.gather credible evidence 5. justify conclusions 6. ensure use and share lessons learned

5 phases of implementation

1. engagement of individual or organizations that make a decision to adopt an intervention or a program 2. specify tasks and estimate resources 3. establish a system for programming management 4. put plans into action (piloting, phasing-in, total implementation 5. ending or sustaining a program intervention

stages of team development and leadership action

1. forming (establishing a team) 2. storming (experience conflict) 3. norming (reach agreement) 4. performing (able to start accomplishing tasks) 5. Adjourning (final stage)

assets-based assessment to see if the community has the capacity to solve health problems

1. identify community resources 2. create or strengthen relationship between community members & orgs 3. mobilize the community around its strengths/resources 4. rally the community to develop a healthy vision of future 5. introduce outside resources to fill gaps

steps in designing/completing a survey

1. plan survey, 2. design survey, 3. collect data, 4. plan data analysis, 5. draw the sample, 6. construct the questionnaire, 7. pre-test questionnaire, 8. revise questionnaire, 9. administer survey, 10. prepare the data, 11. verifying (test for accuracy), 12. enter data, 13.tabulating (frequency count for #of answers in each category, 14. analyzing, 15. recording and reporting

Types of evaluation questions

1. process- help understand internal/external forces 2. output/short-term- help understand products or associated services relate to or effect changes in behavior, attitude, knowledge, skills 3.long term-show changes in risk factors, morbidity, & mortality and links between activities, products and services rendered 4. well developed- guide for selecting appropriate data sources

precede model

1. social assessment-define quality of life of priority pop 2. epidemiological assessment- identify health problems behavior (individual) vs external (environment) 3. educational and ecological assessment- determine predisposing (current knowledge), enabling( make change possible) and reinforcing factors (feedback and encouragement).

program planning components

1. understand/engage priority pop 2. conduct needs assessment 3. develop goals and objectives 4. create an intervention 5. implement the intervention 6.conduct program evaluation

learning principles

1. use several senses 2. actively involve participant 3. provide and appropriate learning environment 4. asses learner readiness 5. establish the relevance of the information 6. use repetition 7. strive for a pleasant learning experience 8. start with known and move toward unknown 9. generalize the information 10. appropriately pace delivery of the information

Standards for effective evaluation

1. utility- serve the information needs of intended users 2. feasibility-realistic, frugal, diplomatic, prudent 3. propriety- behave legally, ethically 4. accuracy- reveal and convey technically accurate information

steps in qualitative data analysis

1.data reduction 2.data display 3. conclusion drawing and verification its cyclical and iterative process with many rounds of investigating evidence, modifying, hypotheses, and revisiting the data from a new light

logic models

1.depicts programmatic milestones in a flowchart that leads to program results. (ie. inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact) 2.measures program effectiveness (success in achieving outcomes) and efficiency (success in using resources, human & financial) 3.the flowchart template in the model helps determine by showing successes and failures of a program

what % of reviewed laws provided research for evidence supporting legislation

6.5% out of 100 public laws

HEJA

2010 health educator job analysis project results released (2008-2009)

health educator models overall

223 sub-competencies 39 with 7 major areas of responsibility 61 advanced level competencies

proceed model

4. administrative and policy- determine resources 5. implementation- select programs 6. process evaluation- document program feasibility 7. impact evaluation- assess effect of an intervention 8. outcome eval-determine if longterm program goals met

Evidence based prevention websites

National Cancer Institutes Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions SAMSHA's guide to evidence based practices

types of economic analysis

CA (Cost analysis) CEA (cost effectiveness analysis) CUA (cost utility analysis) CBA (cost benefit analysis)

WHO

Geneva Switzerland most recognized international health organization, provides a variety of health information and data

Electronic Mailing Lists

HEDIR -health education specialist HealthProm= health promotion

Methods for Creating time lines

PERT- Program Evaluation and Review Technique CPM- Critical Path Method these methods create an illustration to help schedule and depict a project timeline and or project management plan

educators can use literacy methods like

SMOG (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook) Fry Readability formula, or Flesch-kincaid readability tests to evaluate the reading level of a material.

situational analysis tools

SWOT (Strength Weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) VMOSA (Vision Mission Objectives, Strategies and Action Plans) are two situational analysis tools that may be used to identify the internal and external variables that contribute to or impede the organizations ability to fulfill its vision, mission and objectives)

leading government agencies

US Dept. health & human services CDC NIH GPO- Government Printing office Unites States Governments Website

New communication technologies

Web 2.0. text message or short-message service (SMS), blogs, mashups, podcasts, feeds, social networking sites, video sharing and wikis, PDAs

self-efficacy

a person confidence in performing a behavior and overcoming possible barriers to that behavior

educational strategies

activities associates with classroom based courses, workshops, distance learning courses or seminars (ie. lectures, role playing, printed materials, field trips, health fairs, social networking, case studies, panel discussions, e-learning courses, audiovisual materials{videos, dvds, cds)

administrative objectives

adherence to time limits, completion of activities, efficient use of resources (daily work plans/tasks that are completed in order to meet the goal)

adult learning theory (andragogy)

adults motivated to learn when they have needs and interests that learning can satisfy life-centered (based on life situations) experience (riches resource for adults) self-directed learners consider differences in age, time, place, & place of learning

informed consent

agreement to voluntarily and willingly participate in a study based on full disclosure of what constitutes participation

Quasi-randomized studies

allocate participants in a study based on some scheme, such as an assigned number (even or odd)

strategic planning

analyzes the availability of resources in an organization, as well as the barriers to implementation of the organizational mission. captures the course of managing the constant change that affects almost any organization.

process evaluation

any combination of measures that occur as a program is implemented to assure or improve the quality of performance for delivery

tailored messages

are individually focused messages that appeal to a specific sub-population, typically using information obtained from the individual (computer tailoring allows to reach a larger audience)

secondary data source

are publications of research studies or data written by an individual who did not participate in those studies

APHA Capwiz

are vital resources for the health specialist to use for advocacy (mega vote, elected official finder, media guide, issues and legislation, and legislative action center

computer databases

are widely used because they compile large amounts of information and are easily searched

prioritize health needs

assess size or scope of problem, determine effectiveness of interventions, determine appropriateness, resources, acceptability, economics, and legality of possible intervention

summative evaluation

associated with measures or judgments that enable the investigator to draw conclusions

data collection for evaluations tips to avoid

assuming everyone has common knowledge abbreviations leading questions that demand a specific response two negative words long list of choices recall questions over extended time frames

systems analysis evaluation model

based on efficiency that uses cost-benefits or cost-effectiveness analysis to quantify effects of a program

decision-making evaluation model

based on four components designed to provide the user with the context, input processes and products with which to make decisions

guide to writing objectives

be clear, one indicator, reasonable time frames, state performance not effort, realistic, relevant; logical, feasible, observable, measurable

factors that foster implementation

become familiar with the community & its issues, positive attitude, sense of humor, willingness to accept the community process.

Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior

behavior intention is key to determining behavior, and assume behavior changes is influenced by a persons attitude toward the outcome and the social or subjective norms or people important in the persons life (determine motivation to preform behavior, what their peers think of the behavior and persons self efficacy)

Gagne's Theory of Instruction

categories of learning verbal information, cognitive strategies, intellectual skills, motor skills and attitudes

health engineering strategies

change the social or physical environment in which people live or work (ie. offering healthy snacks in vending machines)

behavioral objectives

changes in behavior or actions that lead to behavior adaptation which leads to meeting the program goal

environmental objectives

changes in environment. nonbehavioral influences on a health problem (include social, physical and psychological environments)

program/outcome objectives

changes in morbidity, mortality and quality of life. represent a change in health status, ends rather than the means (usually involves a time frame ie within 3 years blah decreases by blah %)

EBMR (Evidence based Medicine Reviews)

collection of databases that offer evidence based strategies programs and medicine review

HaPI (Health and Psychosocial Instruments)

collects rating scales, questionnaires, checklists, tests, interview schedules, and coding schemes for health and social sciences

CDCynergy

community level model with 6 phases 1. define and describe the problem 2. analyze the problem 3.identify and profile the audience 4. develop communication strategies 5. develop evaluation plans 6. launch the plan and obtain feedback

Diffusion of Innovations Theory

community level theory that describes the rate at which a new program or activity will spread throughout a group of people (characteristics of those accepting the new program help to explain community readiness to change)

critique instruments for research

conducted with the intent to generalize findings from a sample to a larger population. make sure (variables appropriate, no extraneous items, appropriate & clear language, and thats its been tested for reliability and validity, and pilot tested on sample population)

content validity

considers the instruments items for the relevant areas of interest

legislative advocacy

contacting policy maker to discuss public health problems

formative consultant evaluation

continual assessment of the the relationship, allows for monitoring progress, troubleshooting, and corrective actions (progress made, degree client satisfied)

secondary data

data already collected by others that may or may not have been directly gathered from the pop/ind. (existing research published in peer-review journals, US census, vital records etc)

ERIC (Education Resource Information Center

database contains journals related to school health, school aged children, and education in its broadest sense (free)

health finder

department of health and human services website for public access to health info

descriptive statistics

describe what the data reveal, numerically. -continuous data (infinite values) -discrete data (limited to a specific number of values for a variable -nominal no hierarchy, mutually exclusive (male & female) -ordinal are hierarchal, common units of measurement -interval common unit of measurement but no true zero -ratio common measurement between each score & a true zero

descriptive studies

describes the occurrence of disease and disability in terms of person place and time using prevalence surveys, surveillance data. (more exploratory, profiles the characteristics of group, focus on what, assumes no hypothesis, requires no comparison group.)

CHID (combined health information database)

description of health education and promotion programs in progress at the state and local levels

5 critical elements for creating an evaluation/ after evaluation

design, preparation, feedback, follow-up, dissemination. after evaluation 1.compare results, 2 propose possible explanation of findings, 3. identify possible limitations of findings, 4. develop recommendations based on results (make sure aligned with stakeholders views and values)

social marketing for community level planning model

designed to influence the voluntary behavior of a specific audience to achieve a social, rather than financial, objective. uses marketing mix (price, place, promotion and product)

prior to making health ed program 1.6.1-1.6.4

determine if there are health programs already available, asses quality of already standing programs, identify potential partner/resources you could acquire from current programs, assess the social-environmental and political conditions of the US and how they could hinder or help you create a new program

evaluating training should ask these questions

did you meet stated objective? clarity of presentation? interest in presentation? responsiveness to participants questions concerns? use these answers to plan future training

community mobilization strategies

directly involving participants in the change process. (coalition building, lobbying, community; organization, building and advocacy)

conflict resolution/negotiation

directs orgs/ppl to see similarities and differences that exist between them and then leads to them to focus on reducing or eliminating differences in order to accomplish goals pre-negotiation and negotiation are part of the conflict resolution process.

non-randomized studies or (Quasi-experimental studies)

do not use random allocation of participation and groups or individuals are assigned arbitrarily

utilization focused evaluation model

done for and with a specific populations

GEM (Gateway to Educational Materials)

educational resources

social network level

effective health communication can change group my influencing the groups opinion leader.

community level

effective health communication can influence public policy, promote environmental change, improve health service delivery, empowerment, and assist in creating healthy social norms

organizational level

effective health communication can support organizational efforts and support policy change.

pilot testing

ensures that messages and images are clear and consistent, culturally relevant, and motivational. (helps refine a program to increase likelihood of success)

construct validity

ensures that the concepts of an instrument relate to the concepts of a particular theory

coordinating

exchanging information and altering activities for mutual benefit and to achieve a common purpose

collaborating

exchanging information, altering activities & sharing resources and enhancing the capacity of another for mutual benefit to achieve a common purpose

cooperating

exchanging information, altering activities & sharing resources for mutual benefit to achieve a common purpose.

analytic designs

explain causal associations, estimates the strength of a relationship between an exposure and an outcome (explains, more Explanatory, analyzes why a group has characteristics, focuses on why, assumes a hypothesis, requires a comparison group)

facilitate cooperation among stakeholders

facilitate cooperation by serving as a representative/liaison and assure that stakeholder participate, are informed about planned activities internal and external to the organization

enabling factors

factors that make possible a change in behavior

reinforcing factors

feedback and encouragement resulting from a changed behavior

low literacy materials should have

few multisyllabic words and simple sentences, few technical terms or phrases, use graphics to visualize health messages

organizational culture

five aspects that contribute to the culture of an organization are 1. assumptions 2. values 3. behavioral norms 4. behavioral patterns 5. symbols and rituals that portray its message

Ecological Model

focus attention on the interaction of the individual and environment. five levels of health promotion: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community and public policy (I.I.O.C.P.).

summative evaluation

focus on the outcomes or product of consultation

apaprasials

focus on work related behavior, specific examples to support eval, two-way dialogue, positive & negative feedback, supportive safe environment, inform why being appraised and how to do bette in the future.

attainment evaluation model

focused on program objectives and the program goals, serves as standard for evaluation

naturalistic evaluation model

focused on qualitative data and uses responsive information from participants in a program; most concerned with narrative explaining "why" behavior did or did not change

outcome evaluation

focused on the ultimate goal, product or policy (measured in terms of morbidity and mortality)

impact evaluation

focuses on immediate and observable effects of a program leading to the desired outcomes

critique instruments for evaluation

focuses on internal situations, such as collecting data about specific programs, with no intent to generalize results to other settings and situations. make sure (variables appropriate, no extraneous items, appropriate & clear language, and thats its been tested for reliability and validity, and pilot tested on sample population)

Quantitative methodology

focusses on qualifying, or measuring, things related to health education programs, through the use of numeric data to help describe, explain, or predict phenomena.

9 events of instructions that help learning

gain attention 2. inform about objectives 3. build on prior knowledge 4. present stimulus 5. provide guidance 6. elicit performance 7. provide feedback 8. assess performance 9. enhance retention and transfer

primary data

gathered by the health specialist directly from or about the population of interest (surveys, interviews, focus groups, direct observ. public meetings, focus group, delphi panel, self assessment instruments, )

goals

general long term statements of desire program outcomes & provide direction which all objectives are based

photovoice

gives cameras to community members 1 enables community member to record their concerns about the strengths of their community 2 promotes dialogue about issues addressed in the videos 3 reach policy makers.

advocacy plans 5 elements

goals, organizational considerations, (constituents allies and opponents), targets and tactics

CINAHL (cumulative Index for nursing

health and nursing journals

Low health literacy or LEP Limited English Proficiency

health info for people with LEP needs to be communicated plainly in their primary language, using words and examples that makes the info understandable

NHIC National Health Information Center

health information

organizational development

helps manage complex environments within organizations and their relationships to their goals and those of their partners. (1. innovation and risk taking 2. attention to detail 3. outcome orientation 4. people orientation 5. team orientation 6. aggressiveness 7. stability)

consultation

helps the client understand the concerns surrounding the health problem, analyze the implications of the problem, and develop an appropriate plan of action to deal with the problem

factors that foster or hinder learning process/ analyze^

hinder: lack of time, schedule conflicts, attitudes, other stressors foster: positive attitudes, community connectedness, and self interest. knowing barriers to learning will help specialist develop methods to help participants overcome barriers

mission statement

identify the scope and focus of the organization. purpose and reason for existence of the program.

health communication strategies

impact knowledge, awareness or attitudes. (all types of communication channels; print media, radio, tv, billboards, newsletters, email, self-help, direct mail, flyers

program priority based on

importance and changeability of health problem high change + highly important= high priority high change + less important = lower priority low change + high important = high priority w/innovative program low change +less important = no program

communicate findings to stakeholders

in a report, evaluate feasibility of implementing recommendations from evaluations so if your program is proven to work you can recommend it to stakeholders etc if you have funding.

3 areas of policy development

increase adoption investigate effective elements impact policy

predisposing factors

individual knowledge and affective traits

Health Belief Model

individual level model developed by social psychologists to understand why individuals did not act on information about prevention or disease detection (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy)

health communication for community level planning

informing a priority pop about a health issue uses, media advocacy, written materials, interactive communication etc (ie. CDCynergy)

Diffusion Theory levels

innovators-first to adopt the new idea or program early adopters- wait until after innovators adopt early majority- adopt once opinion leaders adopt late majority -adopts once becomes the "norm" laggards- last to adopt or may never adopt

logic model for evaluation process

inputs, outputs, outcomes -short-term( changes in knowledge or skills) -intermediate (changes in behavior or policy) -long-term (changes in morbidity or mortality)

5 components of a logic model

inputs-resources, contribution, and investments outputs- activities, services, events, and products from the program (helpful in tracking program progress toward objectives) outcomes- results or changes that occur assumptions- the beliefs we have about the program and how we think it will work external factors- variety of factors that interact with and influence the program action

4 primary communication channels

intrapersonal, interpersonal, organization/community, and mass media

analyze factors that influence health behaviors

intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and public policy

Parts of a report

introduction, literature review, methodology, results, conclusion (recommendations, summary)

community involvement

involve community early in the process clarify role as early as possible ask how they wish to be involved identify needs and interests of a variety of community groups

Qualitative methodology

is descriptive in nature and attempts to discover the meaning or interpret why phenomena are occurring

mixed methodology

it tells a story and describes classifications (how many or how much) as well as to indicate why a phenomena is occurring within a pop.

Kikpatrick 3 reason to evaluate training

justify its existence to determine if should continue training collect information on how to improve training

social cognitive theory

learning is an interaction between a person and his or her environment cognitive processes and behavior. behavioral capability, expectations, expectancies, self-control, emotional coping responses, reciprocal determinism, self-efficacy

blooms taxonomy

learning should apply higher order process instead of lower order objectives (mentally demanding) knowledge(recall), comprehension(understand info), application (use info), analysis (identify components), synthesis (relate ideas from several areas), evaluation(compare between ideas)

levels of training

level 1- reaction (feelings about training) level 2- learning (improve knowledge/change attitudes) level 3- behavior (using new learned skilled) level 4- results (effects on organization due to training)

HRSA (health resources and services admin

linked to the US Dept. of health and human resources provides free health education materials free of charge

formative evaluation

looks at ongoing process of evaluation from planning through implementation

Below basic literacy level

lower % get health info from written sources higher % get health info from television and radio

data collection methods

mail (eliminates interviewer bias, low response rate) telephone (cheaper than face-to-face, faster than mail/personal interview...loss of visual contact, interviewer no control face-to-face (highest response rate/personalized..expensive & time consuming) internet/web (quick response, low cost...may force explicit choice response, limited time frame to respond and monitor returned surveys)

involve priority population and stakeholders

make sure the stakeholders and other community leaders are involved with the program making process by collaborative efforts, elicit input from stakeholders, obtain commitments, identify priority populations, communicate

health policy and enforcement strategies

mandate actions through laws, regulations, policies, or rules. to protect the "common good"

identifying existing data collection instruments

many instruments already validated and tested for validity so specialist should be familiar with those already in existence (YRBSS, BRFSS, YTS, NHANES) check the HaPI (Health and Psychosocial Instruments) database to identify useful collection instruments

Memorandums

memorandum of understanding (MOU) and memorandums of agreement (MOA) can be used to document the expectations of stakeholders and help facilitate effective collaboration among organizations with competing interests.

pooled analyses

method for collecting all the individual data from a group of studies, combining them into one large set of data, and then analyzing the data as if it came from one big study.

MATCH model

multi-level community planning model (recognizes that intervention planning should have multiple objectives 1.goal selection 2.intervention planning 3.program development 4.implementation preparation 5. evaluation

NCHS

national center for health stats. US census best for health statistics

Medline Plus

national library of medicine

informed consent contain

nature/purpose of program, risks or dangers, possible discomfort, benefits, alternative programs or procedures, option of discontinuing

Adult learning best teaching practices

need to be involved in planning & evaluation of their instruction experience is the best learning activity most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life problem centered

HON Health on the Net

non profit medical information portal gives links to trustworthy websites

external consultant

outside agency, usually requires a contract between consultant and client, provide technical expertise, current theory and specialized knowledge.

identify/analyze factors that foster/hinder skill building

people don't engage in healthy behaviors because they lack sufficient skills to do so. once barriers discovered they are modified to elicit a behavior change

stakeholder

person involved in program operations or person who is served or affected by the program

Maslow's hierarchy of basic needs

physiological needs (breaks snacks comfortable room) safety needs (safe training env.) needs of love (feeling og acceptance/group dynamics) esteem (recognize achievements/positive reinforcement) Self-actualization (offer training to improve sills & make goals)

volunteer recruitment process

planning phase (why is a position required?) implementation phase (where will volunteers come from, who will fill position?) evaluation phase (did strategy get you appropriate volunteers)

identify/analyze factors that foster/hinder attitudes and beliefs

pre-existing attitudes or beliefs about a health problem or behavior have a influence on the success of behavior change programs once negative attitudes/beliefs identified specialist plan interventions that address the negative beliefs to no longer hinder behavior change

Transtheoretical Model Stages of change

precontemplation-no change, unaware or in denial contemplation- aware of problem take action in next 6months preparation- take action in the next month action- taken action within past 6 months (changed behavior) maintenance- changed & maintained change for more than 6months termination-no temptation to return to old behavior 100% self efficacy

social marketing apporach 4ps

product, price, promotion and place (sometimes partners)

ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) Motivational Model

provide learners with the necessary time and effort to acquire new knowledge and skills. 1. attention- capture and maintain attention 2. relevance- know learners needs 3. Confidence- give methods, materials and support for success 4. Satisfaction- provide reinforcement/encourage use of new knowledge and skills

open-ended instrument ?s

provide qualitative information that participants offer in their own words and provide descriptive information

baseline data

provide the beginning measure for evaluating changes in behavior, practices or skills associated with the program goals

Coalition of National Health Education Organization (CNHEO)

provides health education specialist guidelines for ethical behavior

conductive learning environment

psychologically-feel comfortable with pace of teaching, type of instruction, and methods of examination physically-leanring environment must be safe, clean, lighted, well equipped w/ furniture and audiovisual equipment, and heated/cooled to right temperature other factors-meaningfullness, open community, learning aids & consistency

CBO- Community based organization

public or privated nonprofit org that provides educational or related services to individuals in the community

systematic review

published qualitative review of a comprehensive synthesis of publications on particular topics

types of samples

random-(probability) drawn when observing to costly (no bias) everyone in population has likely chance of being selected stratified- divides a population into segments based on characteristics of importance for the research (gender age class etc) non probability- not as representative and are less desirable quota- deliberately setting the proportion of strata within the sample convenience- accidental, not random (volunteers)

lower literacy individuals

read slowly, take words literally, skip over uncommon or unknown words, have short attention spans and hide their inability to read inappropriate usage of health care services improper use of medicines poor health outcomes poor self-managment of chronic conditions

4 key tasks in working effectively with volunteers

recruiting, training, supervising, and recognizing

criterion validity

refers to one measure's correlation to another measure of a variable

transactional leader approach

rely on leaders promises rewards and benefits

closed ended instrument ?s

require participants to choose a response predetermined by the researcher; multiple choice, categorical, Liker-scale, ordinal, or numerical. advantage= they are more readily to mathematical operations and advanced statistical analysis

IRB- Institutional Review Board

researchers, community members, stakeholders to review proposed research for compliance with federal regulations governing research involving human subjects

Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession

responsibility to: public, profession, employers, delivery of health education, research and evaluation, professional preparation

strategic planning document

serves as a road map that can be referred to over time to remind, check assumptions and measure progress 1. what is the current status of the org? 2. what is the direction of this org? (time-frames in 2yrs etc) 3. what steps are needed to move org toward desired future? (resources) 4. what progress is being made?

benchmark development

shift in critical mass (make a motion as a group to hold a hearing) holding the line (stop blah lobbying from introducing resolution to allow blah back into practice) institutional policy (pass a resolution to ban something) community./individual behavior -100 signatures change defintions-change purpose to include healthy purpose

talking to person with lower literacy

speak slowly, repeat key messages, use common analogies, avoid too many statistics, allow time for questions, use "teach back" person has chance to show that he or she is understanding the message

Belmont Report 1979

summarizes the basic ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. (Respect for persons, beneficence and justice)

PsycInfo

summary of journal articles, books, reports and academic literature in psychology

needs assessment

systematic identification of needs within a population and the determination to which those needs are being met

meta-analyses

systematic method of evaluating statistical data based on results of several independents studies of the same problem

persuasive communication

tailors health related messages to audiences needs in an effort to persuade them to adopt healthy attitudes and behavior.

training strategies

teaching strategies, peer, audio visual materials, printed educational materials, multimedia, training simulations

health related community service strategies

tests, services, or treatments to improve the health of the priority population. (blood pressure screenings, breast self examinations)

evaluation plans

that employ research designs such as randomized trials etc provide a higher level confidence to the evaluator and stakeholders about the validity of the investigation. -strive for the most rigorous evaluation design in terms of utility, accuracy and cost in time and resources

cultural competence

the ability of an individual to understand and respect values, attitudes, beliefs, and morals that differ across cultures

health numeracy

the ability to understand numbers

Demonstrate leadership

the art of anticipating, planning and managing change. leadership can also be defined as the ability to exercise influence both formally and informally

efficacy

the capacity to produce a desired effect

negligence

the failure to act in a careful or reasonable manner, may result from omission (not doing something you should have done) or commission (doing something you should not have done)

preceded proceed model

the most used formal planning model in health education, precede 1970s expand & + proceed 1980s

HIA

these are used to evaluate potential health effects of a project or policy before it is developed and implemented. used to bring other policies that are non-traditional to the decision making process when it comes to creating new plans projects and policies.

health education specialist motivate groups by

they motivate groups to adopt new ideas or programs by demonstrating how much better it is than the status quo.

health educator according to us dep BLS

those who promote, maintain and improve individual and community health became true profession in 1970s first test 1990

media advocacy

to change the normative behaviors of the media to alter public policy and practice and create environment change (powerful in gaining support)

tailor messages to priority population

to fit lower literacy rate, 75 million adults basic or low literacy rates lower literacy = poorer health, incur higher costs, possess lower knowledge of medical conditions maintain 4th grade reading level

HIPPA-Heath Insurance Accountability Act

to protect personal health information, in order for health data to be used, individual permission must be granted with some exception

To achieve objectives

use theory based strategies, select a variety of strategies and interventions, assess efficacy to ensure consistency with objectives

Transtheoretical model (Stages of Change Model)

used to determine readiness to change. target people where they are in their motivation for a particular behavior

analytical statistics

uses both descriptive & inferential inferential stats- draws conclusions about a pop from a sample such as mean median mode

synthesizing published literature

using published literature enables the the health specialist to conduct their work with the confidence that it is grounded, up-to-date, peer-reviewed helps establish appropriate protocols for new implementation

6 advocacy strategies

voting behavior electioneering (contribute to campaign) direct lobbying grassroots lobbying use of internet to access issues media advocacy

total implementation

when the entire program begins at the same time

primary data source

written by individual who did participate in the study

composing qualitative items tips to avoid

yes/no questions that invite specific and brief answers being too broad being too specific too many questions


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