Child Development - Chapter 12 (Intellectual Development from 1 to 3)

definition of imitation

Learning by watching and copying others. Both skills and attitude are things learned from imitation

imagination

a child being able to connect what they see and hear with themselves

definition of intelligence

ability to interpret and understand everyday situations, use prior experiences in new situations

11

age at which Piaget said people become capable of abstract thinking

3

age when a child can pick out the middle-sized ball from three possiblities

2

age when children move from the sensorimotor period of learning to the preoperational period

being able read in a loud cafeteria requires this intellectual activity

attention

5

average age at which a child begins to understand today, tomorrow and yesterday

definition of attention

being able to focus on something and ignore distraction or block out other sensory input

directed learning

being taught by parents, caregivers, older siblings and teachers; occurs in schools and in the home

what is alive and time

concepts that are learned later on

Piaget's stage of learning where children begin to use logic in their thinking

concrete operations

a child took apart a toy car to see why the wheel was not turning, which intellectual activity is being demonstrated

curiosity

ignoring a child's questions has this effect

decreasing opportunities for learning

environment influences intelligence by doing this

developing or stifling a person's potential

being shown how to hit a ball with a bat by your big brother is this method of learning

directed learning

one of the most important preliminary skills needed for reading readiness

enjoying books

the last of Piaget's four periods of learning

formal operations

if my four-year old can't put their own jacket on, I may have done this

helped them too much, for too long

intelligence is shaped by these

heredity and environment

definition of perception

information received through the senses

unstructured

lacking formal organization or instructions

trial and error learning

learning that takes place when a child tries several solutions to find one that works

reading readiness

letter recognition, understanding that letters of the alphabet combine to form words on a page, also includes children's interest and excitement about books and reading

heredity influences intelligence by providing this

limits

when a 3-year-old makes up a story, he/she is not doing this

lying

sizes, shapes, amount, and proportions

math concepts that can be part of everyday experiences even before starting school

strong emotional impact improves this area of intellectual activity

memory

creativity

mental ability that involves using the imagination to produce original ideas

this results from a child's broad generalizations when first learning concepts

misconceptions

neuroscience

modern studies of the human brain, how it develops and functions

math readiness

number recognition and also a child's interest in learning math

which of the seven areas of intellectual activity is present at birth

perception

allowing a child to decide which book he would like to read before bed encourages this intellectual activity

reasoning

perception is related most strongly to which of Piaget's stages of learning

sensorimotor

definition of reasoning

simple problem solving skills, the ability to make decisions and form concepts

definition of memory

storing information in the brain for either a short period of time or long term, being able to recall information

articulation

the ability to use clear, distinct speech, to pronounce vowels and consonants appropriately

another way to describe intelligence

the capacity to learn

elicit

to encourage

decipher

to interpret or figure out

stifle

to suppress or inhibit something

physically trying to fit a square block into each hole of shape fitter toy until it fits is which method of learning

trial and error

incidental learning

unplanned learning that happens naturally through exploration

stuttering

when a person speaks with sporadic (occasional) repetition or prolonged sounds