Child psychology ch 12

Biological influences

In the 1920s, researchers confirmed the existence of human sex chromosomes, the genetic material that determines our sex. Humans normally have 46 chromosomes arranged in pairs A 23rd pair with two X-shaped chromosomes produce a female A 23rd with an X chromosome and Y chromosome produces a male

estrogen

Primarily influence the development of female physical sex characteristics. help regulate the menstrual cycle. estrogen are a general class of hormones. In females, estrogens are produced mainly by the ovaries.

androgens

Primarily promote the development of male genitals and secondary sex characteristics. one important androgen is testosterone. Androgens produced by the adrenal glands in males and females, and by the testes in males.

Report talk

Talk that gives information Public speaking is an example Males hold center stage through report talk with such verbal performances as storytelling, joking, and lecturing with information

Rapport talk

The language of conversation and a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships. More characteristic of females then of males

Social cognitive theory of gender

children's gender development occurs through observation and limitation, and through the rewards and punishments children experience for gender-appropriate and gender- inappropriate behavior

social role theory

states that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men

psychoanalytic theory of gender

stems from freud's view that the pre-school child develops erotic feelings toward the opposite-sex parent. At 5 or 6 years of age, the child renounces these feelings and identifies with the same sex parents, unconsciously adopting the same sex parents characteristics.

Androgyny

the presences of masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person