Child Psychopathology Exam #1

Which statement about children's mental health is false? A. Approximately 75% of children with mental health problems receive proper services B. About 1 in 10 children meets the criteria for a specific psychological disorder C. Race plays more of a role than socioeconomic status (SES) in disorder rates among children D. About 1 in 15 children has a mental health problem that impairs their functioning

A. Approximately 75% of children with mental health problems receive proper services

Projective tests _________ with children. A. Are one of the most commonly used assessment methods B. Have not been designed specifically for use C. Are one of the least commonly used assessment methods D. Should not be used

A. Are one of the most commonly used assessment methods

Etiology refers to the _____ of childhood disorders. A. Causation B. Treatments C. Correlates D. Prevention E. All of the above

A. Causation

The _____ gives us the distinct qualities that make us human and allows us to think about the future, to be playful, and to be creative. A. Cerebral cortex B. Limbic system C. Brainstem D. Hippocampus

A. Cerebral cortex

Isabella is 3 years old, and frequently demands attention, overreacts, and refuses to go to bed. These behaviors are considered ______. A. Common because of her age B. Diagnosable as clinical disorders C. Signs of an overly sensitive child D. Early warning signs of future difficulties

A. Common because of her age

Girls have higher rates of ________ than boys. A. Depression B. Autism C. Illiteracy D. ADHD

A. Depression

A child who begins to walk between 10-14 months is considered as being normal, compared to a child who does not walk until 20 months is an example of a. Developmental pathway b. Trauma c. Resilience d. Internalizing development

A. Developmental pathway

Which statement about our genetic makeup is false? A. Genes determine behavior B. Genes are composed of DNA C. Genes produce proteins D. The expression of genes is influenced by the environment

A. Genes determine behavior

______ problems refer to weak or absent control structures, wheras _________ problems indicate that existing control structures operative in a maladaptive way. A. Regulation; dysregulation B. Dysregulation; regulation C. Reactivity; regulation D. Regulation; reactivity

A. Regulation; dysregulation

The ability to successfully adapt in the environment is referred to as _______. A. Resilience B. Intelligence C. Adjustment D. Coping

A. Resilience

Infants that explore the environment with little affective interaction with the caregiver are likely to have a(n) ______ attachment pattern. A. Secure B. Anxious-avoidant C. Anxious-resistant D. Disorganized

A. Secure

The windows of time during which environmental influences on development are enhanced are called ______. A. Sensitive periods B. Constructive periods C. Crucial periods D. Necessary periods

A. Sensitive periods

At the end of the nineteenth century, children with normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behavior were thought to be _________. A. Suffering from "moral insanity" B. Diseased C. Imbeciles D. Possessed by the devil

A. Suffering from "moral insanity"

The detailed representation of the individual child or family as a unique entity is referred to as a(n) ____ case formulation. A. The clinical interview B. Intelligence testing C. Behavioral observation D. Personality testing

A. The clinical interview

Which children are disproportionately afflicted with mental health problems? A.Those born to parents with criminal histories B. Those with more than two siblings C. Those who are not only children D. Those who are recent immigrants

A. Those born to parents with criminal histories

A neurobiological treatment for ADHD would most likely incorporate psychostimulant medication such as methylphenidate A. True B. False

A. True

Adding a rating of severity to a disorder; "moderate" or "profound" for a child with intellectual disability is an example of a specifier. A. True B. False

A. True

Evidence Based Treatments (EBT's) have been shown in scientific studies to be effective, and thuse are often recommended for specific problems A. True B. False

A. True

Which attachment pattern has been linked to conduct problems and aggressive behavior? A. Secure B. Anxious-avoidant C. Anxious-resistant D. Disorganized

B. Anxious-avoidant

A leading checklist for assessing behavioral problems in children and adolescents is the __________. A. Wechsler-Scales for Children B. Child Behavior Checklist C. Rorschach Inkblot Test D. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

B. Child Behavior Checklist

An advantage of behavior checklists over interviews is that checklists allow a clinician to ________ while interviews typically do not. A. Assess mental status B. Compare results to a reference sample C. Obtain a measure of mood D. Establish rapport

B. Compare results to a reference sample

The individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA: Public Law 104-446) mandates ________ A. Standardized programs for children identified as special needs B. Education in the least restrictive environment as possible c. The use of IQ tests for assessing children D. Segregated education for children with special needs

B. Education in the least restrictive environment as possible

Externalizing disorders are more common in females than males. A. True B. False

B. False

Psychological disorders are defined as patterns of behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical symptoms that are associated with only disobedience. a. True b. False

B. False

Which phrase describes the "slow-to-warm-up-child", who is cautious in approaching novel or challenging situations? A. Positive affect and approach B. Fearful or inhibited C. Negative affect or irritability D. Adaptive with negative mood

B. Fearful or inhibited

The ________ lobes contain the functions underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities A. Temporal B. Frontal C. Parietal D. Occipital

B. Frontal

Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM-5? A. It emphasizes underlying causes rather than symptoms B. It lacks sufficient emphasis on situational and contextual factors C. It gives relatively less attention to disorders of infancy and childhood than of those adulthood D. It fails to capture the simplicity of influences on child psychopathology

B. It lacks sufficient emphasis on situational and contextual factors

James often appears to be in a bad mood and he is easily frustrated when given challenging tasks. His temperament would be described as _____. A. Angry and intense B. Negative affect or irritability C. Fearful or inhibited D. Positive affect or approach

B. Negative affect or irritability

_________ means generating predictions concerning future behavioral under specified conditions. A. Assessment B. Prognosis C. Outcome generation D. Diagnosis

B. Prognosis

Temperament _____. A. Refers to a child's unpredictable behavior B. Shapes a child's approach to the environment and vice versa C. Is not related to personality D. Forms very late in development

B. Shapes a child's approach to the environment and vice versa

What does it mean if a test is normed on a group that is representative of the population? A. The test is as free from cultural bias as possible B. The majority culture was taken into consideration C. Age and ethnicity were considered but not biological sex D. The test yields higher rates of psychopathology minorities

B. The majority culture was taken into consideration

A Child typically enters the mental health system ______. A. Through the criminal justice system B. Through teachers, counselors, or parents C. By asking for a referral from a pediatrician D. By the actions, positive or negative, of peers

B. Through teachers, counselors, or parents

Which of the following is not a type of projective test? A. House - Tree - Person Drawing B. WISC - IV C. Children's Appreception Test Rorschach Inkblot Method

B. WISC - IV

Which aspect would generally be assessed by behavioral assessment methods? A. Meaning of pictures drawn by child B. Descriptions of the problem C. Anger in school D. Inkblot interpretations

C. Anger in school

The development of evidence based treatment for childhood disorders is most associated with which psychological theory. A. Psychoanalytic B. Humanistic C. Behaviorism D. Hypnosis

C. Behaviorism

Behavioral geneticists have concluded that _______. A. Many psychological disorders can be accounted for by an individual gene B. Much of our development and behaviors are influenced by a small number of genes C. Both genetic and environmental influences affect behavior D. Behavior is largely influenced by the environment

C. Both genetic and environmental influences affect behavior

To determine a child's competencies, it is useful to have some knowledge of ________ A. Animal behavior B. Institutional norms C. Developmental tasks D. Adult dysfunctions

C. Developmental norms

Children's early care-taking experiences play an important role in designing parts of the brain that involve _________. A. Planning and complex processes B. Problem solving skills C. Emotion, personality, and behavior D. Fine motor skills

C. Emotion, personality, and behavior

Best practice guidelines take into consideration _______. A. The family's history of mental illness B. What the family feels is in the best interest in the child C. Expert and evidence-based approaches D. What the clinician feels is in the best interest of the child and family

C. Expert and evidence-based approaches

What concept states that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings such as child development? A. Ethnic finality B. Trifinality C. Multifinality D. Equifinality

C. Multifinality

Freud's theory focused on ________. a. Single causes of behavior b. Diseases of the mind c. Multiple causes of behavior d. Neurological causes of behavior

C. Multiple causes of behavior

You are a therapist currently working with a child with severe mood fluctuations. The child often becomes distressed at minor things and may become physically violent towards others. After assessment, it is decided that reducing frequency of outburst is one of the main treatment goals. Which of the following outcomes does this goal address? A. Outcomes related to family functioning B. Outcome related to physical health C. Outcomes related to child functioning D. Outcomes related to academic functioning

C. Outcomes related to child functioning

The over-representation of boys with psychological disorders likely reflects _____. A. Different socialization practices for males and females B. Functional deficits in the male brain C. Referral biases D. Media influence

C. Referral biases

A child who cannot control his temper has problems in emotion _______. A. Sensitivity B. Reactivity C. Regulation D. Deregulation

C. Regulation

_________ theorists emphasize attributional biases, modeling, and cognitions in their explanation of abnormal behavior. A. Behavior B. Psychodynamic C. Social learning D. Biological

C. Social learning

In contrast to adults, abnormality in children is often defined in terms of ______ A. Everyday stress B. Addiction C. Stage of development D. Disability

C. Stage of development

A child's problems must be considered in relation to the influences of the _______. A. Individual B. Family C. Community/culture D. All of the above

D. All of the above

ABA involves the examination of ________. A. Behavior only B. Antecedents and consequences only C. Behavior and consequences only D. Behavior, antecedents, and consequences

D. Behavior, antecedents, and consequences

Bronfenbrenner's (1977) model includes a consideration of the _________. A. Child only B. Child and family members C. Family members and society in which the child lives D. Child, family members, and society in which the child lives

D. Child, family members, and society in which the child lives

_______ approaches to treatment view child psychopathology as the result of faulty thought patterns and faulty learning and environmental experiences. A. Client-centered B. Cognitive C. Behavioral D. Cognitive-behavioral

D. Cognitive-behavioral

If a therapist often conducts therapy session with the child and all family members, which of the following treatment approaches is being used A. Client centered B. Cognitive behavioral C. Psychodynamic D. Family treatment

D. Family treatment

The work of Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard (1775-1838) is notable in that __________. A. He initiated the Massachusetts' Stubborn Child Act B. He was the first documented individual to use behavioral techniques with children C. He was a strong advocate for sending disturbed children to asylum D. His orientation toward children was one of the care and helping, in contrast to the times

D. His orientation toward children was one of the care and helping, in contrast to the times

A risk factor is a variable that ________. a. Indicates positive outcomes b. Decreases the likelihood that negative outcome will never occur c. Follows a negative outcome d. Increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur

D. Increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur

Unstructured interviews tend to be _____ than semi-structured interviews. A. More reliable and less flexible B. Less biased C. More consistent D. Less reliable and more flexible

D. Less reliable and more flexible

Neuropsychological assessments are primarily used to ____. A. Identify underlying brain lesions B. Diagnose mental deficits C. Identify genetic abnormalities D. Make inferences about central nervous system dysfunction

D. Make inferences about central nervous system dysfunction

Resiliency in boys is best associated with households in which there are: A. Female role models, structure, and encouragement of emotional expressiveness B. Male role models and a combination of risk taking and independence C. Female role models and a combination of risk taking and independence D. Male role models, structure, and encouragement of emotional expressiveness

D. Male role models, structure, and encouragement of emotional expressiveness

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, children's mental health problems were attributed to _______. A. Low self-esteem B. Poor parenting practices C. Chemical imbalances D. Possession by the devil or other evil forces

D. Possession by the devil or other evil forces

A central tenet of developmental psychopathology is that to understand maladaptive behavior, we must consider _______. A. One's genetic predisposition B. How problematic behaviors develop over time C. The child's familial history for maladjustment D. What is normative for a given period of development

D. What is normative for a given period of development

In the United States and Canada, children from ________ racial/ethnic backgrounds have the highest rates of poverty a. African American and native American b. Asian American and Mexican American c. Native American and Mexican American d. African American and Mexican American

a. African American and Native American