CHLD 252: Infancy

Your sister has a 2-month-old baby and is worried about SIDS. What advice would you give her, based on what you know from your child development class?

"Make sure the baby is always sleeping on her back and that there is no soft bedding where she sleeps."

Which of the following research findings was not influential in Bowlby's development of his theory of attachment?

Vygotsky (1972) found that children learn through social interaction with their parents.

You and your partner have a 5-month-old baby boy. Your partner is frustrated by the fact that your son puts everything in his mouth. What would you tell your partner about your son's reaching and grasping abilities?

You think it's bad now? At least he can only pick up big things. Just wait until he's 10 months old and he can pick up little things that he can choke on.

Based on several research studies, what have scientists concluded about the harmful effects of television viewing on infant development?

Based on several research studies, what have scientists concluded about the harmful effects of television viewing on infant development?

The number one cause of infant mortality, worldwide, is ___________, which can be cured with ________________.

diarrhea; oral rehydration therapy (ORT)

By age 2, there are approximately ____________ neurons in a child's brain as there were at birth.

half the number of

Infants in ________________ countries tend to cosleep less frequently than in _________________countries.

individualistic; collectivistic

According to Piaget, infants about 12 months old pass simple _______________ tasks, but still fail _________________ tasks.

object permanence; A-not-B error

If an infant has a __________ habituation time, it means he or she will have ________ efficient information-processing abilities and will probably have __________ IQ scores later in development, compared to other infants.

shorter; more; higher

Until recent economic shifts, ____________ in children was associated with high academic achievement in China.

shyness

During infancy, weight increases ____________ whereas height increases ____________.

steadily; in spurts

What is true about the series of visual cliff experiments?

Twelve-month-olds crossed or didn't cross the cliff based on their mother's facial expression on the other side.

Which of the following is NOT true about the WIC (Nutrition for Women, Infants, and Children) program?

It only provides supplements to women who are breast feeding their infants because studies show it is the most healthy way to feed infants.

The average 12-month-old can say about ___________ words and can understand about ____________ words.

2; 50

Tayro speaks Spanish and English. His wife, Noriko, speaks Japanese and English. They currently live in an English-speaking country and have a new baby, Kai. They would like him to speak all three languages and have asked for your advice. What would you tell them?

As an infant, Kai can distinguish between sounds in all languages until 9 months old. He should be exposed to all three languages during this time.

Which of the following is true about social contexts of language development across cultures?

Children in traditional cultures hear more language around them during the day, and thus are not any slower in language development than children in developed countries where parents often use ID speech.

Which of the following is the correct pairing of the lobe of the cerebral cortex and its function?

Frontal lobes: making decisions

Your neighbor has a 2-month-old daughter. He is concerned that she's not reaching for toys as well as she used to when she was a newborn. What would you tell him?

He shouldn't worry. Newborns have a prereaching reflex that disappears around 2 months old. By 3 months, his daughter should be developing more voluntary reaching skills.

Ari is a typically developing 4-month-old. He is interacting with his mother when, all of a sudden, she stops smiling and showing emotion and has a still face. What is Ari's reaction, most likely?

He will be distressed.

Which of the following is true about the development of sadness in infants?

Infants with depressed mothers are more likely to show sadness because they see more sadness from their mothers.

Across the world, what is similar about infants' first solid food?

Most cultures give their babies soft mashed, pureed, or prechewed food as their first solid food.

In much of the world, who cares for babies older than 6 months?

Older girls

Which of the following is NOT a measurement of temperament?

Reliability

Infants are shown pictures of dogs until they get bored and look away. Then, when they are shown a picture of a cat, they scrutinize it. Which part of this scenario is dishabituation?

Scrutinizing the picture of the cat

Ida is playing on her play mat one day when she accidentally rolls onto a toy that squeaks. She loves the sound so much that she keeps rolling so the sound continues. Which stage would Piaget say she was in?

Secondary circular reactions