chp. 12 a&p lecture spinal cord and spinal nerves
Median nerve
Lateral two-thirds of palm, anterior thumb, index, and middle fingers, dorsal tips of thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers
Perineurium
Layer of connective tissue surrounding a nerve fascicle
Ulnar nerve
Medial one-third of hand, little finger and middle half of ring finger
Radial nerve
Posterior surface of arm, forearm and lateral two-thirds of dorsum of hand
A patient is having difficulty breathing. Name a nerve could be responsible for this difficulty.
phrenic nerve
Major branches of a spinal nerve are called _____.
rami
The tibial and common fibular nerve combine to form the ______ nerve.
sciatic
Dorsal (posterior) roots consist of only ______
sensory fibers
Name the structure that serves as the link between the brain and the PNS.
spinal cord
Name the reflex where muscles contract in response to stretching within the muscle.
stretch reflex
The space related to the meninges that contains cerebrospinal fluid is the _____.
subarachnoid space
The _____ rami of spinal nerves innervate the ribs, the intercostal muscles and the skin of the thorax.
ventral
Motor axons are found in ______
ventral roots
Which matter of the spinal cord contains neuron cell bodies?
gray matter
The central canal of the spinal cord is ______.
a hollow space
The ventral and dorsal rami are branches of _____.
a spinal nerve
Identify the nerve that innervates the deltoid and teres minor and the skin of the shoulder.
auxiliary nerve
The hollow space in the center of the gray commissure of the spinal cord that helps to circulate CSF is called the
central canal
The brain and the spinal cord make up the ____
central nervous system
The spinal cord is divided into 4 segments; they are
cervical thoracic lumbar sarcal
Two areas of the spinal cord are thicker than the rest. These areas give rise to the nerves leading to the limbs. These areas are called the cervical and lumbar ______
commissures
The phrenic nerve innervates the ______.
diaphram
List the functions of the spinal cord. Select all that apply.
-integrates incoming information. -produces responses through reflex mechanisms. -serves as the link between the brain and the PNS
Identify the layers of meninges and the related spaces from most superficial to deepest.
1. epidural space 2. dura mater 3. subdural space 4. arachnoid mater 5. subarachnoid space 6. pia mater
Epineurium
A layer of dense connective tissue surrounding a nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Anterior portion of arm
What is the pia mater?
Deepest meninx that is attached directly to the surface of the spinal cord
Endoneurium
Delicate layer of connective tissue surrounding a single axon and its Schwann cell sheath
Indicate the correct order of meninges from superficial at the top to deep at the bottom
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
List the layers of connective tissue surrounding nervous tissue starting with the most superficial layer and ending with innermost layer surrounding an individual Schwann cell sheath.
Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium
What type of reflex prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension on tendons by inhibiting muscle contraction?
Golgi tendon reflex
Axillary nerve
Inferior lateral shoulder
Identify the function of withdrawal reflexes.
Removes a body part from a painful stimulus
Identify the structures innervated by the cervical plexus. Select all that apply.
Skin of the neck Diaphragm Muscles of the hyoid Posterior portion of the head
Explain how spinal nerves are named.
Spinal nerves are named for the region of the vertebral column from which they emerge.